Let’s enjoy English 16th

【China belonged to Moa Zedong was born】

Make matters worse, farmers who escaped from the cooperative store increased, and the case of going bankrupt on the cooperative store appeared then.

《Urging 百花斉放, 百花争鳴》

For all the national system on leadership by the Communist Party was established, Mao Zedong was never satisfied with the actual situation. He gave a lecture of which title with regard to the problem dealing with contradiction inside the people correctly in 1957, and said welcoming positive criticism on the Communist Party from outside the Communist Party. It’s 百花斉放, and 百花争鳴.

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Urging 百花斉放 and 百花争鳴》

Mao Zedong addressed to the people in China, remarking at will, discussing actively on how the Communist Party should be.

Though the system on the leadership by the Communist Party was completed, the new China adopted the form of coalition government of the Communist Party and other political parties except for the Communist Party, Democratic Party faction.

What kind of thought do the influence except for the Communist Party have? Isn’t it the threat to the Communist Party? Mao Zedong thought he was going to elucidate it.

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Urging 百花斉放 and 百花争鳴》

But it takes courage to criticize the Communist Party so much under the actual autocratic system by the Communist Party, so no one started to remark easily, so Mao Zedong chanted a slogan, the one who says has no crime, and urging to criticize at will.

As receiving by addressing from Mao Zedong zealously, the people in the Democratic Party faction who exerted themselves to the new China with the Communist Party started to open their mouth gradually, criticism sprang out against the dictatorship by the Communist Party.

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

The people in the Democratic Party faction criticized the actual condition of arranging the member of the Communist Party on all the top of the national organization and the decision done by the Communist Party. There was an opinion distinguished the Communist Party and the national organization should be clearly.

《Anti Rightist movement》

After various criticism against the Communist Party came out, Mao Zedong started to counterattack. He commanded to counterattack against the crazy attack from the right wing element with organizing power. It was no…

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Anti Rightist movement》

It was no more than four months from the 百花斉放 and 百花争鳴 . He started to oppress the people who criticized the Communist Party. It’s the anti rightist movement. He labeled the people who criticized the Communist Party as right wing.

The ones who criticized the Communist Party were intellectual people. Literacy rate was low in China then, and the people who could read and write and insist on their own thought were classified as intellectual people.

In the anti rightist movement, not only the ones who criticized the Communist…

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Anti Rightist movement》

Not only the ones who criticized the Communist Party but the intellectual people were objection for brainwashing in the anti rightist movement. The labors and farmers who obey the order from the Communist Party is indispensable for the socialism by Mao Zedong, on the other hand, the intellectual people who had the critical of the Communist Party was just an obstacle.

More than a half million people were acknowledged as the right wing and they were ejected from their job and were shunted off to a remote region. Moreover more…

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Anti rightist movement》

Furthermore more than one hundred ten thousand people were jailed. As Mao Zedong said the right wing made up for no more than 5% in the population, applying for his remark mechanically and 5% of the people were acknowledge and got kicked out from the workplace as the right wing.

As the family members of the one who was acknowledge as the right wing followed the same fate, there was estimation that the people who suffered from the damage reached to more than two hundred thousand.

Oh！I’ve made a mistake. I’ve said no less…

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Anti rightist movement》

I’ve said a half million people were acknowledged as right wing…

But it’s not a half million but five hundred and fifty thousand people. I’m sorry for it.

Mao Zedong was dead in 1976 and after three years, and as to the five hundred and thirty thousand people from the five hundred fifty thousand ones, their honor was vindicated. Correcting the course on China was too late for the five hundred and fifty thousand people.

《Why did Moa Zedong change the policy?》

Why did Mao Zedong address the 百花斉放, and 百花争鳴 and changed …

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Why did Mao Zedong change the policy? 》

…and changed completely, promoting the struggle on anti rightist movement. Why?

When the boss said anything goes at a drinking party, if taking it seriously and speaking its mind to the boss without hiding anything, the attitude from the boss becomes cold from the next day. It often happens. Then we ended up demotion at worst in Japan, but it’s life-threatening in China.

If interpreting the change on the policy by Mao Zedong friendly, making others point out shortcomings on the Communist Party from outside…

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Why did Mao Zedong change the policy? 》

…and trying to improve the political party, but criticism appeared more than he expected, so he got flustered and counterattacked, but there is possibility actually that agitating to criticize at will so as to specify the elements of anti Communist Party from the beginning.

As Mao Zedong adopted the drastic course of the communism, dissatisfaction and criticism appeared in China then. There is the strong possibility that Mao Zedong had the sense of crisis against the dissatisfaction and criticism.

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Why did Mao Zedong change the policy?》

Mao Zedong tried to make progress rapid socialism. If it didn’t go well, he thought the right wing obstructed him. As the thought of capitalism was deep-rooted, without driving into the correct thought to the people, there was fear they would return to the capitalism, he thought like that, in particular, intellectual people were rattled easily, so he was sure he had to be careful of them and he hated them as enemy.

As to the action of Mao Zedong, we can see the attitude of anti intellectual people. Before …

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Why did Mao Zedong change the policy?》

Before founding the new China, he stigmatized intellectual people at Yan’an 延安 which was the base on revolution, after founding the new China, the intellectual people were singled out for criticism in the whole China

Pol Pot government was influenced by the thought of Mao Zedong and tried to make progress of foundation of new nation at Cambodia and hated the intellectual people as enemy. It adopted the way of wiping out the intellectual people literally.

《No one could correct the mistake by the leader》

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【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《No one could correct the error by the leader》

If happened to criticize in 百花斉放, and 百家争鳴, they were oppressed thoroughly. As having seen it, none of the people could criticize both of Mao Zedong and the government in China.

Even if being the leader, it’s a person, so everyone makes a mistake, but after that, if Mao Zedong or the Communist Party started a wrong policy, no one learned to be able to criticize them.

Thus without being able to stop going out of control by Mao Zedong, tremendous China started to lose control. It’s the Great Leap Forward.

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【The people starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Though they’ve learned to enjoy rich diet…》

Even if there is a big gap between the rich and the poor, lots of people have learned to enjoy rich diet at urban area in developing China at present. Fashionable restaurant opens one after another. There is no sense of despair in the past there, but the large amount of the people s were about to starve to death sixty years ago. No one can’t believe in it.

But young people in China haven’t heard of their negative history in the past at all. Without being able to stop the delusion of…

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【The people starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

Without being able to stop the delusion of grandeur by Mao Zedong, the tragic situation started.

《Thought of the Great Leap Forward all at once》

Great Leap Forward started in China in 1958. Mao Zedong thought it took a long time to come true the society of socialism immediate after the new China was founded, but as his autocratic control was formed he started to think he could attain the socialism in one go. It’s the Great Leap Forward which he started the policy. Changing the delayed China into socialism, communism in one fell swoop.

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Thought of the Great Leap Forward in one go》

Collectiveness on agriculture and expansion on producing steel was made progress so as to realize the Great Leap Forward.

As to the collectiveness on agriculture, the large amount of farmers were organized into the advanced cooperative association until 1956, and the advanced cooperative association was organized into the people’s commune again.

Communism and socialism deny a private property. The private property means land and factory for a capitalist in this case, but a farmer’s farm…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Though of the Great Leap Forward in one fell swoop》

…but farmer’s farmland was regarded as private property. Taking away the farmland from each of farmers and making them the property in the whole society. It was thought to be the way to the socialism.

公社 of the 人民公社 means commune in Chinese. The commune is a way of thinking in Soviet and an ideal socialism. Farmers and workers become main characters and they decide everything and construct common society. The socialism was thought like that. Though it’s the ideal in Marxism, it isn’t …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Thought of the Great Leap Forward in one go》

…it isn’t clear concretely, but trying to realize it in one fell swoop in China.

The people’s commune is a community in which not only agriculture but industry, commerce, culture, education and military affairs are put together and making it the base on the forthcoming society of the socialism, Mao Zedong thought like that.

Farmers are engaged in agriculture and are related to the industry, doing business, heightening culture, receiving education and being soldiers in the people’s commune.

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Thought of the Great Leap Forward in one fell swoop》

Being the almighty existence which carries out everything was the goal. Mao Zedong thought it made the gap between workers and farmers, and the gap between physical work and mental work eliminate. It’s not the ideal but was almost a dream.

《The people’s commune was born》

The Communist Party adopted the resolution on the establishment of the people’s commune at the Politburo Expansion Convention and started a plan of incorporating the cooperative association and organizing them into…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people’s commune was born》

…and organized them into the people’s commune again. Seven hundred thousand of the cooperative association in the whole nation were reorganized into the twenty six thousand of the people’s commune for three months after that.

It could realize all at once because it’s just that the one which was the cooperative association as true state changed its name and became the people’s commune.

Building the people’s commune means taking away the farmland from farmers and farmers are engaged in agriculture together.

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people’s commune was born》

When the Communist Party fought against the National Party and aimed at the revolution, distributing the land to farmers and the Communist Party was supported by farmers then.

As the peasants were made be engaged in tenant farming in the farmland possessed by land owners, they were welcoming to have their own land, so the supporting the Communist Party expanded. It was the big reason why the Communist Party won the National Party.

But once coming to power, the Communist Party took away the land from farmers

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap. Forward】

《The people’s commune was born》

This time the nation was a big land owner. Livestock for agriculture which was possessed by each of farmhouses were also taken away and was possession for the people’s commune.

Farmers who knew their livestock would be taken away took into action unexpectedly. They killed their livestock before being taken away and sold its meat. If the livestock was taken away, the farmers could do nothing any more, but if selling the meat, they could get cash earnings.

Thus the domestic animal decreased sharply in the …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people’s commune was born》

Thus the livestock decreased sharply in the process of collectiveness on agriculture. To make matters worse, when changing into a collective farm, farmers drove the livestock for agriculture which was possessed by collectiveness to work hard to be dead. It is said farmers sang a song like the next.

We used to weep when our cow was dead in the past, for it’s ours. If the cow is dead now, we’re happy, for we can eat its meat.

They didn’t have any passion for their job, and didn’t think they cherish the field…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people’s commune was born》

They didn’t think they cherish the field of rice and other crops nor the domestic animal any more, for all the outcome of their labor is taken away. Instead, the farmers thought like the next. As being the communism, the nation could buy everything which they want for them.

On the other hand, GHQ did the land reform in Japan after the World War Ⅱ, and the land was distributed to peasants from big land owners. As peasants could possess their own land, their willingness for work heightened and agricultural…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people's commune was born》

...and agricultural product heightened dramatically in Japan then. The time which doesn't connect with hunger unlike before the war came to Japan, but China didn't adopt the course.

The Communist Party in China distributed the land to farmers and won the support from them and came to power, after that taking away the land from farmers. it means that the Communist Party deceived farmers and assumed the reins of government.

Mao Zedong had a personal ideal like a dream, but as to farmers, the land which...

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《The people's commune was born》

...the land which farmers possessed at last was taken away again. Farmers were opposed to the collectiveness on agriculture and some of them escaped from the land. It could have connected with the collapse on the agriculture.

Mao Zedong introduced the system of domestic passport so as to prevent agriculture from collapsing. Without being issued the domestic passport from the authority, farmers couldn't travel in China. Family register was made for farmers as farmer, and they couldn't get the family...

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【People starved to death by the Great Leat Forward】

...and farmers couldn't get the family register in city actually. The system binding farmers to the land was completed.

《Mao Zedong made a promise a paradise on the earth》

As the autocratic position on Mao Zedong was established through the right wing struggle and 百花斉放, the personality cult against Mao Zedong went ahead as well.　The great leader　isn't　to　make　a　mistake,　it　means　that　the　direction　from　Mao　Zedong　is　absolutely　right and they have to obey it, and proceeding the personality cult on Mao Zedong made the authority on the...

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Mao Zedong made a promise a paradise on the earth》

…and proceeding the personality cult on Mao Zedong made the authority on the Communist Party heighten and harden the power on the Communist Party, but no one could reprove Mao Zedong because of the personality cult, so all of them were forced to obey as Mao Zedong commanded.

Mao Zedong made a promise the realization of a paradise on the earth to the people in China through the Great Leap Forward. The Communist Party made publicity if putting into practice as instruction from Mao Zedong…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Mao Zedong made a promise a paradise on the earth》

…the food would be abundant and utopia in which being able to get everything what they want would come to them.

It reminds us of other country next to China. The country put into practice the same thing with Mao Zedong even at present and its people are suffering from being lack of food.

《稲 on which being able to sit》

As to the rice, when expressing in Japanese, there are various description like 苗,稲,籾,米,飯 and so on, but when expressing in English, all of them is rice alone, so except…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《稲 on which a child can sit》

…so except for 稲 in Japanese, nothing appropriate doesn’t occur to me. I find it regrettable, but it can’t be helped.

稲 of good harvest on which a child can sit was made publicity in China then and its picture was disclosed. It’s the outcome on the direction from Mao Zedong. If planting 稲 in the field with little space between the 稲, the ears of the large amount of the 稲 fruits, so the rice becomes the good harvest. Mao Zedong thought like that, and the dense planting on 稲 was done in the farm village of the…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《稲 on which a child can sit》

…and the dense planting on the 稲 was done in the farm village of the whole China. As the direction from the great leader must not have been in the wrong, its outcome on the dense planting of the 稲 has to be shown..

When Mao Zedong and executives of the Communist Party visited the field of the 稲, the one who took charged in the farming of 稲 gathered the grown 稲 at one place and showed the situation that the 稲 grew so densely that the child could sit on there. After Mao Zedong and executives went back, the 稲 …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《稲 on which a child can sit》

…the 稲 was returned to the original place. Sometimes a bench was hidden among the 稲 and made the child sit on there and took the photograph of the child. It was disclosed later.

But if the good outcome was announced from the rooftops, the people at the farm village in the whole nation thought like the next.

After all, the direction from the great leader is right. Our way of doing is in the wrong because it doesn’t go well, but if making a report it didn’t go well, we’re answerable to them. We’ll report them …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《稲 on which a child can sit》

We’ll report them it goes well.

Thus dense planting on 稲 was done in unison in the whole nation and the production output on rice decreased drastically, but it was reported that the rice was a good harvest.

《Applying for the theory on communism to the one on evolution》

If carrying out the dense planting on 稲, it would be a good harvest, the absurd theory took the world by storm in the nation of socialism like Soviet, China and North Korea. It’s applying the theory from a biology to Marxism by a biologist ...

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Applying from the theory on communism to the one on evolution》

The theory was done by a biologist in Soviet.

Worker unite and join force as the same class in the capitalism, and fighting against capitalists and causing the revolution and realizing the socialism, its inevitability in the history and is science, according to Marxism.

The biologist applied simply the theory from the Marxism for the world on plants in the natural world. If the same kind of plants are sowed on the ground densely, the plants help each other and being a good…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Applying from the theory on communism to the one on evolution》

…and being a good harvest. Likewise workers help each other and join force in the human society.

I’m afraid the description of the turn both on the human society and the world of the plant should be reverse. I made a mistake. I’m sorry for it.

It was thought the same plant which was the same class didn’t fight against each other with regard to the light and fertilizer.

Both of animal and plant have hereditary nature. It’s natural for us in the present time, but the …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Applying from the theory on communism to the one on evolution》

…but the socialism denied the natural theory and insisted that the surrounding decided the nature on both animal and plant. If the surrounding changes, people will do, it’s the theory on communism, and applying for it to botany simply.

For all being born in a farm village, Mao Zedong didn’t know on agriculture very much, so he introduced the theory on the biologist to China as it was. He became the objection on the personality cult then, so no one expressed dissent.

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

The way of dense plant caused tragedies in China, and Kim ll-Sung introduced it to North Korea and brought a large amount of damage to North Korea.

《Absurd agricultural reform was carried out》

Absurd agricultural reform isn’t limited to the dense planting alone. 農地深耕, 農地管理, 作物保護, and 水利灌 were also done.

農地深耕 means cultivating fields of rice and other crops deeply. A groundless theory the deeper they dig, the more abundantly the crop fruits was put forward. Farmers were asked to dig up the ground deeper. There was an area where the field …

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Absurd agricultural reform was carried out》

There was an area where the field was dug by three meters deep underground. Without considering difference between the area, cultivated deeply all over China, nutrients were lost from the place where the surface soil was thin.

農地管理 means rotation of crops. If growing the same plant alone in the field, the field depletes, so we should leave the field fallow periodically. It wasn’t always in the wrong, but as leaving fallow was done all together, the fields where they should cultivate decreased…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Absurd cultural reform was carried out》

…the fields where they should cultivate decreased drastically.

作物保護 means getting rid of harmful organisms. Sparrow, mouse, insect and fly were regarded as four bad things, and human wave tactics 人海戦術 was developed so as to eradicate the four bad things. All the farmers hit a drum or a pan together so as to eliminate the sparrow. The way of surprising the sparrow was adopted. The sparrow was so frightened that it couldn’t reach to the ground, so when going on flying in the sky, it would be tired…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Absurd agricultural reform was carried out》

…the sparrow would be tired too much because it was forced to go on flying, so it would be dead soon. The Communist Party seemed to think like that. Unbelievable thing was developed seriously all together in the whole nation.

Sparrow disappeared because it was eliminated, but a large amount of insects appeared because the sparrow which was the natural enemy for insects disappeared. There was serious damage on agricultural products then.

水利感慨 means a large scale of construction on irrigation….

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Absurd agriculture reform was carried out》

水利灌漑 means a large scale of construction on irrigation construction or building dam. Farmers were also rounded up by the human wave tactics 人海戦術 this time. Without having advanced technology nor machine, earth and sand were piled up by human power alone, so it collapsed right away, and serious damage was caused.

As farmers were rounded up this construction work none of them weren’t able to be engaged in agriculture in the least.

《False report was done》

That agricultural reform was done, being…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《False report was done》

As the agricultural reform was done, being based on the theory of official recognition by the Communist Party, if the production didn’t grow, it means that the ones who were engaged in agriculture failed. In short, the People’s Commune is a national company, so there were government bureaucrats who took to defending themselves above all, and they reported how it went well.

As a result, an exaggerated report was done. For example, in Hubei Province 湖北省, executives on the Communist Party at the local area pulled out…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《False reports were done》

…executives on the Communist Party at the local committee pulled out 稲 from a distant paddy field which was a good harvest and planted them closely extremely in the other paddy field along the railway.

When the train exclusive for Mao Zedong passed, making him see it was a good harvest from the window of the train, trying to make him give an impression it was the good harvest. Thus the false report was done.

Mao Zedong was got used to being sucked up to ゴマスリ and flattery. He pressed the government and the most…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《False report was done》

He pressed the government and the most senior officials so as to make them carry out the magnificent plan. The senior officials pressed lower executives so as to be pleased with Mao Zedong or they were afraid if disobeying his order they would lose their positions, so they tried to cover their own back.

Lower executives were forced to work farmers mercilessly or to report to which their boss wanted to listen. Thus unthinkable false report was done. The amount of harvest on 10 square meter was not only 5 ton but…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《False report was done》

The amount of harvest on no more than 10 square meter wasn’t only 5 ton but became its double or triple sometimes.

As Mao Zedong received the report that the production on food went smoothly it is said he was worried about that even if allotting the food for the feed on pig, there were extra food, though it’s just that a phantom surplus food. He was the autocrat who was the Emperor’s New Clothes then.

《Farmers started to produce steel as well》

Producing steel was also the foundation on the Great Leap Forward….

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Farmers started to produce steel as well》

Producing the steel was also the foundation on the Great Leap Forward with agriculture. Khrushchev announced Soviet would overtake America on economy in fifteen years then. As Mao Zedong was conscious of the announcement, he established the goal of overtaking England of which economic power was the second in the world then in fifteen years. It means concretely catching up with England on the production output in the steel business. The amount of producing steel was some five million ton in China…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Farmers started to produce steel as well》

The amount of producing steel was some five million ton in China in 1957, and the goal in the next year was some ten million ton. The report that producing ten million of steel succeeded was done, and the next goal was 2700 ton in the next year, but it doesn’t always mean that a steel mill was constructed newly so as to produce the steel. As a country of which main character was farmers and workers, the steel was produced at the site of the People’s Commune. It was called the furnace for steel in…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Farmers started to produce steel as well》

It was called the furnace for steel in the back garden. It’s just a hand made furnace for steel, mortared firebrick of which height was about five meters.

As the steel was produced easily at the blast furnace in the back garden, why did they have to construct a tremendous steel plant? It is said Mao Zedong couldn’t understand why each country in Europe and America constructed the huge steel plant.

Six hundred thousand of furnaces for steel in the back garden were constructed in the whole China…

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

《Farmers started to produce steel as well》

Six hundred thousand furnaces for steel in the back garden were constructed in the whole
China so as to expanding production of steel and no less than one hundred million of farmers were called into service.

But the level of the steel which was produced easily in the back garden was different from the understanding of Mao Zedong altogether, all of them were useless, but as he insisted on being able to produce easily in the back garden, when he visited the place where iron was produced….

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【People starved to death by the Great Leap Forward】

…carrying high quality of steel produced in steel plant in and made Mao Zedong looked at it, and he believed that the high quality steel was produced.

《Both of iron product and lumber were lost》

When the high quality steel is produced in the steel plant, its material is iron ore and is done dozens of process, but it was unable to do in the furnace for steel in the back garden. It’s just the mass of iron was made then. Original goal was producing iron and making iron goods through processing, but producing iron itself became their goal.

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