Let’s enjoy English 16th

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Mao Zedong declared the foundation on new China》

They don’t have to adopt the word of democratic, the opinion was influential. There was other opinion that the word of the people included the democratic, so its national name becomes the People’s Republic of China.

When looking at the process after that, the nation is lacking of the democracy as the national name shows.

When expressing the national name in Japanese, the word of 中華 is included. As there is the phrase of 中華思想, they think their civilization is the center of the world. It’s there unique…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Mao Zedong declared foundation on new China》

It’s their unique traditional thought. They have what is called 礼 in Confucianism 儒教, so they are the center of the world, and other people who don’t have what is called the 礼 in Confucianism around China are 夷狄, which means the ones of which culture is behind, so the other people are looked down on, they seem to think like that.

There is the 中華思想 in the new China which has been found by the Communist Party of Marxism and Leninism.

The national flag on the new China was fixed to be the five star red flag.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Mao Zedong declared foundation on new China》

Its national flag is red, for it symbolizes the revolution in communism, and there is a single big star and four little stars on the red flag. The big star means the Communist Party in China, and each of four stars is labor, farmer, intellectual, and patriotic capitalist. The thing which the Communist Party insists is shown on the national flag.

Its national anthem is the theme song on the movie which was put on the screen in 1953. It had been sung at the time of the war resistance against Japan.

• 共感4

＞＞153

The title of the theme song is the march on the volunteer army. Its lilac is like the next.

Stand up! The people who want not to be slave. Let’s make our new castle wall with our blood and flesh. The people of China has confronted the most critical crisis and it’s the time when one of us to scream out of last anger. Rise! Rise! Rise! Gathering the mind of thousands of people of us into single one, catching the gap on gunfire and lets’ move forward. Forward! Forward! Forward!

『The memorial hall of Mao Zedong』

Mao Zedong declared foundation on new China at Tiananmen, and the square…

• 共感4

＞＞154

…the square spreads over in front of Tiananmen. There is the memorial hall of Mao Zedong in the corner of Tiananmen. The dead body of Mao Zedong used to be laid to rest in the memorial hall. The people who want to see the face of Mao Zedong even a little make a long line, and it’s shown how the people think of Mao Zedong in China.

《The Communist Party leads the nation》

When the new China was founded, there was no constitution then. An assembly is indispensable so as to establish the constitution, but there wasn’t the assembly as well. Instead of the assembly, people’s political…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

…People’s Political Consultative Conference was held. The Communist Party, eight political parties, the military authority, and representatives from local areas joined in the conference.

The formal constitution was established in 1954 and the formal government was formed then, but until then, the conference functioned as supreme authority in China. Except for the Communist Party, other political parties joined in the conference as well.

Then except for the communist Party, other political parties existed and…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

…and they were engaged in the movement which was opposed to the people’s party. The Communist Party called them the faction of democratic party, and adopted the policy of founding the new nation together, for the Communist Party tried to take the ones who were except for the members in the communist party extensively in the Communist Party.

The Communist Party belonged to Mao Zedong called the structure of authority in new China people’s democratic dictatorship. Is it possible to keep a good balance between…?

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

Is it possible to keep balance between the dictatorship and democracy? I’m not sure of it. I’m afraid my interpretation is word for word, to my sorrow, anything good didn’t occur to me. I’m sorry for it.

The structure on the authority in new China wasn’t one-party dictatorship but was made up with proletariat, the ones who were engaged in agriculture, petit bourgeois, racial bourgeois, and patriotic democratic people.

Proletariat is labor, petty bourgeois isn’t a big capitalist but a manager who keeps small…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

…petty bourgeois wasn’t a big capitalist but kept small and medium sized business, or intellectuals. Racial bourgeois was a Chinese manager who had nothing to do with foreign capital. It’s not the nation of socialism by dictatorship of the Communist Party but the capitalist joined in and aimed at being socialism slowly with people from a wide range.

The structure on the authority in the new China means adopting the policy like that.

《To the one-party dictatorship actually》

The Communist Party and other…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To a one-party dictatorship actually》

The Communist Party and other fraction of political parties exerted authority together formally in the new China. It was a coalition government just formality, but immediate after the nation was founded, all of the faction of eight political parties rewrote the general plan of their political party, including to being directed by the Communist Party.

The faction of political party which said clearly accepting direction from other political party couldn’t have been independent one. Actually, it’s one-party….

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To one-party dictatorship actually》

China is one-party dictatorship actually. As to the politics in China, the mass media in Japan expresses like that.

As to the faction of the political parties in China, the Chinese government says they aren’t opposing parties but the ones who join in the politics.

There is an expression on the people’s democratic dictatorship like the next.

Representatives from the people carry out the dictatorship on the bourgeois so as to prevent capitalists who squeeze from the people from surviving.

But without a right…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

But without a right thought, the authority on the people will be unable to be exerted, so the Communist Party which has the right thought watches acts on behalf of the people. In short, it’s the one-party dictatorship by the Communist Party.

Or who is the capitalist who squeezes from the people? Except for the Communist Party, no one is permitted to judge it, so the people or organization which are dictatorship are decided by the Communist Party.

『中南海』

When standing on the square of Tiananmen and looking at…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

『Column, 中南海』

…and looking at Tiananmen, the Main Street runs through Tiananmen. If turning left and move forward, we can see the area filled with green on the right side. It’s called 中南海, and is the residence for executives in the Communist Party. Its gate is policed so severely that ordinary tourists can’t approach it nor learn much about inside the 中南海. It is said there is deep green and huge lake and gorgeous buildings scatter there.

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

The same sub title again…

The Communist Party is higher rank in than…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

The Communist Party is higher rank than the nation in China. The nation of which politics is one-party dictatorship by the Communist Party like Soviet and North Korea is the same.

For example, there is the nation in Japan and political parties like the Democratic Party or the Liberal Democratic Party take into action in the nation, but China is different.

At first there is the Communist Party in China and all of the organizations in the nation receive guidance from the Communist Party. The top of the…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

The top of the Communist Party becomes the head of the nation in China. National People’s Congress in China is equivalent to the National Assembly in Japan. Without recommendation from the Communist Party, no one can be the member of the National People’s Congress. Judicial power isn’t independent there. Who or what kind of crime does a prosecutor indict? The prosecutor receives the guidance from the Communist Party. When a judge sentences, the judge respects the intention from the Communist Party.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The Communist Party directs the nation》

People’s Liberation Army in China isn’t only the military force in the nation of China but the one for the Communist Party. The military force received the guidance from the Communist Party.

Military Committee commands and supervises the military force, and there is the Military Committee both for the nation and for the political party formally, but the member of each of the Military Committee is almost the same. The military force doesn’t belong to the nation but to the political party. It’s extremely…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

It’s extremely exceptional in the world.

《After founding the nation seven hundred thousand people were executed at once》

Even if the new China has been found, there were remnants from the National Party in China still more then. Moreover there were feudal local bosses in a countryside and they resisted against the revolution by the Communist Party.

The Communist Party embarked on the eradication on those force of resistance. Instruction oppressing anti revolutionary activity was issued in 1950 and no less than seven hundred thousand people were…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《After founding nation, 7000 people were executed at once》

…and no less than seven hundred thousand people were executed in the whole nation as counter revolutionary. Lots of the execution were done openly. Making crowd gather in a square and gave the presentation of the name of 『criminals』 in front of the crowd and executed them by shooting on the spot.

When looking at them, the people learned if disobeying the Communist Party, they would be treated as criminal and be killed.

Even if being able to escape from the execution, lots of people were sent…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《After founding nation seven hundred thousand of people were executed at once》

…lots of people were sent to the concentration camp. They call the situation improving them through labor. System watching whether or not the force of resistance hid was devised. The Communist Party started to watch labors at the factory in the whole nation.

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

Not only watching labors but controlling the whole nation. The system of family register has been introduced as the way of controlling the nation.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

The family register has been introduced in 1951. The whole nation is controlled by the family register and moving the family register becomes impossible as principle.

The family register was distinguished severely between farm village and city, and moving from the farm village to the city also becomes impossible. When founding the new nation, China was enormous nation made up with farmers. Farmers account for some 90% in China. If the farmers flowed into the city, the city would be out of ….

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

…the city would be out of control, the Communist Party thought like that, tying down the ones who were engaged in agriculture to the farm village by controlling the family register. This system continues at present.

The family register was able to maintain because there was the ration system. Daily necessities are distributed by the nation, being based on the family register. Ration ticket is handed over each home and the system is that people receive supplies in exchange for the supplies.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

If going out of the farm village to the city, as not having the ration ticket the people can’t receive food. It prevents the ones who were engaged in agriculture from going to the city.

Contrary to it, the residents in the city are controlled by the unit. All of them belong to some kind of the unit. If working in an enterprise, the enterprise becomes the unit. School is the unit for teachers and students. Without working, the residential quarter is the unit. The ration was done with the unit.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

In addition, as to the controlling each of them, the personal information has been adopted. The Communist Party which controls each of units makes the personal information each of people in the unit, one by one. Not only its background, but its thought, human relation, and the class in the society are described in the personal record, and the personal record follows the people until they died.

If its job changes, the personal record is sent from the former unit to the new one. The class…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

The class was classified with labor, poor farmer, middle farmer in the lower class, executive in revolution, service person in revolution and the family of the victim in the process of the revolution. The ones who were classified to those classes were given preferential treatment.

On the other hand, if being classified in the landowner, rich farmer, reactionary element, malignant element, right wing, even if being competent, being unable to be the executive. And its family member was…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Controlling the nation with the family register and unit》

And even its family member was discriminated when entering in the next education or getting job because its class was bad. Thus the class system as if it had been in the feudal society was completed, the way of controlling the people thoroughly was formed.

The way of China has been introduced into North Korea, and it has been broken down more minutely there and the people are controlled in North Korea.

《Establishment on the leadership of the Communist Party with 三反, and 五反》

After founding…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Establishment on the leadership of the Communist Party with 三反 and 五反》

After establishment on the administrative structure, Mao Zedong started to eliminate influence except for the Communist Party slowly. It was the movement on 三反 and 五反. The movement on 三反 was uprooting the decay from the government. 三反 means opposing to three things. Opposing to three things means opposing to corruption, to waste, to bureaucratism. No one can oppose to those three goals.

The decay was regarded as the moral taint in the process of capitalists caused. And 三反

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Establishment on the leadership of the Communist Party with 三反 and 五反》

And 三反 developed the one opposing to five moral taints. It’s the movement on 五反. The five moral taints is bribery, evading tax, embezzlement, cutting corners 手抜き, and stealing economic information. After all the object on the movements were capitalists, causing a heavy damage to the capitalists. Managers on companies and owners of small and middle scale of shop were criticized each place. They were rebuked in front of lots of crowds. It was called the mass struggle. Some of the …

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Establishment on leadership of the Communist Party with 三反 and 五反》

Some of the people who were blamed with the movement committed suicide one after another. There is an opinion that the number of the people who killed themselves reached thousands.

Putting up the target which no one could oppose officially and starting the mass movement and without knowing, the people and organization except for the Communist Party were caused a significant hit then. New China succeeded in founding the national system of which leadership was the Communist Party.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

The new China succeeded in the foundation on the framework of a nation of leading by the Communist Party right away after it was founded.

《Declaration to be devoted to Soviet exclusively》

The new China started with the support from the Soviet Union. First of all the Communist Party in China is an organization which aimed at being the socialism in Soviet. As grasping the national power, it is natural for it to make proceed on the foundation of the nation like Soviet.

The nation like Soviet means the one in which means of production is communized.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Declaration to be devoted to Soviet exclusively》

Means of production is a factory in industry, and farmland and live stock in agriculture. Being communized is all the factories and shops were communized and agriculture becomes collective farm. China declared being the nation of junior fellow member of Soviet July in 1949 before it was founded.

Soviet responded to it. In the next day on declaration of foundation of China, Soviet was the First Nation which approved of China. Mao Zedong visited China December in 1949 soon after China was founded.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Declaration to be devoted to Soviet exclusively》

Visiting china was for celebration on the seventieth birthday for Stalin. It was nominal reason for visiting China, but Mao Zedong continued to stay in China more than two months until Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and alliance was concluded February in the next year. He went on negotiating so as to be helped from Soviet. As a result, it was decided to receive fully support from Soviet in the heavy industry sector.

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

In fact China wasn’t the…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

To tell the truth, China wasn’t the nation of socialism from the beginning on the foundation of the nation. Mao Zedong thought the socialism was the goal in the future then, for China adopted out dated feudal system until then, so being unable to make proceed to the socialism all at once, the time when coexisting with capitalism would continue.

The socialism is the next step from developed capitalism in Marxism. The feudal society becomes the society of capitalism by democratic revolution, and…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

The capitalism developed highly developed after that socialized revolution broke out and socialism in the society would be founded, it was assumed then by Marxism.

As China was agricultural nation which was out dated feudal system, the economic condition wasn’t prepared for the socialism. Making the capitalism develop under supervising by the Communist Party and when the condition was arranged, moved to the socialism. Mao Zedong thought like that. He assumed the time of the capitalism was some…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

He assumed the time of capitalism was some twenty years so as to make proceed the full socialism. He called it the new democracy. It means that it wasn’t the socialism still.
The economy in the new democracy is mixture of capitalism and socialism. Mao Zedong used to accept the capitalism. As to communizing personal managers and private companies, he was cautious. He said like the next June in 1950.

Some people think making the society of capitalism abolish early and socialism comes true, but …

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

…but it’s in the wrong and isn’t appropriate to the situation in the nation.

Being based on the concept, a land reform law was carried out June in 1950. Taking away land from land owners and distribute the land to petty peasants. Land was given to no less than three hundred million farmers at the end of 1952.

As the farmers could own their own lands, their willingness of producing was heightened. Production output on agricultural product increased sharply then. The production output on …

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply due to the new democracy》

The production output in industry and agriculture exceeded the highest level before the new China was founded. The population reached to six hundred million at the end of June in 1953, according to census.

The political system was arranged as well. Some thousand and two hundred representatives in the National People’s Congress which is equivalent to the National Assembly were elected and the first congress was held in 1954, but the representatives weren’t elected by a free election. Voting…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《The economy developed sharply on account of the new democracy》

Voting was voting of confidence to candidates which was recommended by the Communist Party. The formal constitution was established by the National People’s Congress and leaders in the nation were chosen newly. The head of the state was Mao Zedong. The chairperson in the National People’s Congress was Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇, the Prime Minister in the Cabinet was Zhou Enlai 周恩来.

《To the socialism all at once》

The political system was established, the opposition faction was wiped out, and….

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To the socialism all at once》

…and the economy was best record on the history of China. Mao Zedong thought economic ground for socialism was arranged. Though admonishing others it will take a long time to realize the socialism, he thought as if the socialism had been just there.

The end of the new democracy was declared in 1953. China rushed into the age of transition of the socialism. First five year plan on industry started in 1953, and the project on the heavy industry began each place, receiving the assistance from Soviet. Industrializaiton …

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To the socialism all at once》

Industrialization was weighed on the heavy industry. It’s not light industry leading to improvement on the life of the people but prioritizing the heavy industry aiming at improving national power. To make matters worse, the factory of that heavy industry was constructed inland. As the place where the economy developed was along the coast, if thinking its efficiency on economic growth, constructing the factory on the heavy industry in inland is rational, but the Cold War had started then.

Even if China was occupied by…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To the socialism all at once》

Even if being occupied by both of America and Japan, the industrial area in the inland could support the economy in China, China adopted the strategy like that, but roads weren’t arranged and electric power plants weren’t enough in the inland. As they tried to build the factory in the place where there was none of industrial foundation, the efficiency was bad and the productivity was extremely low.

《Agriculture becomes collective》

Socialism in the department of agriculture is collectiveness. The Communist Party took…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To socialism all at once》

The Communist Party took away the farm land from the land owner and distributed the farm land to poor farmers from the time of the civil war between the National Party and the Communist Party and won support from farmers overwhelmingly.

But when starting the socialism, taking away the farm land which the Communist Party distributed from farmers.

Farm land is the means of product for farmers. Privatization on the means of product isn’t admitted. It was the position for the Communist Party. If an individuality possesses…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To socialism all at once》

If an individuality possesses the means of product, there is fear that exploiting others by the means of product or unplanned causes confusion in the economy. If the means of product is state ownership, there is no exploitation nor confusion on the economy. Mao Zedong planned like that.

Staling made process on collectiveness for agriculture from the same idea in Soviet and it was cause on economic stagnation in Soviet later, but it would happen in the future. Follow Soviet! China thought like that and carried out the state…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《To socialism all at once》

…and carried out the state ownership on the means of product.

Collectiveness on agriculture was divided into three stages and it planed it was done moderately in the beginning. The first stage started from a mutual aid association. Making the mutual aid association was recommended at farmers in the neighborhood.

They are usually engaged in agriculture separately, but they help each other in a busy season for farmers. It’s the mutual aid association, and the first step started from the mutual aid association.

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Agriculture becomes collective》

Making farmers get used to the collectiveness on agriculture by the mutual aid association and went to the cooperative store in the next step. As to the cooperative store, there was elementary cooperative and advanced one.

A village made up with from twenty to thirty houses is an unit, the farmers invest their land or livestock to the cooperative store and the farmers joined in the management on the cooperative store as a regular employee and work collaboratively there.

The product is distributed all of them, but…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Agriculture becomes collective》

…but additional distribution is added to the ones who invested the land and livestock.

The unit on the house is bigger in the advanced cooperative store which was the last stage. The unit is made up with some two hundred houses. Then both of the land and livestock becomes collective ownership. As to the land and livestock the farmers invested, the right on the farmers which invested disappears. The farmers work collectively and products are distributed equally.

Neither of the mutual aid association nor the advanced…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Agriculture becomes collective》

Neither of mutual aid association nor the advanced cooperative store developed, so Mao Zedong lost his temper, encouraging the people to make progress, as a result, no less than 90% of the farm village in the whole China became the advanced cooperative store all at once. Collectiveness on agriculture was done sharply then.

But the large part of the agricultural product produced by the cooperative store was forced to deliver to the nation. The government in the Communist Party put agricultural product taken away from…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Agriculture became collective》

The government in the Communist Party put the agricultural product taken away from the people toward payment on assistance from Soviet, for the assistance from Soviet wasn’t charge free, so China had to pay the price to Soviet, but China didn’t have any foreign currency then, so paid the price in kind 現物支払い.

It doesn’t always mean that there was extra agricultural product in China enough. Making the farmers deliver even the agricultural product which is necessary for their life and paid to Soviet. What is called ….

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

It’s what is called exporting starvation. China made progress on industrialization at the sacrifice of the agriculture. Mao Zedong used to rely on farmers and made the revolution succeed in, but this time went ahead with the industrialization at the expensive of the farmers.

《Declaration on the establishment of socialism》

The age of transition on the socialism started from 1953 and it was announced the socialism was completed in 1956. It was declared that the socialism was established basically in this year.

Socialism came true basically and main…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Declaration on the establishment of the socialism》

…and main contradiction isn’t the confrontation on the class between the proletariat and bourgeois but advanced socialism and delayed productivity, Mao Zedong declared at the eighth National Congress of the Communist Party like that. Then the number of member of the Communist Party reached more than ten million. We can imagine the face of Mao Zedong who was satisfied with it, but he started to put too much confidence from there.

Socialism would have been a target for the long time, but it has been…

• 共感4

【China belonged to Mao Zedong was born】

《Declaration on the establishment of the socialism》

…but the socialism has been achieved more easily than he expected, so catching up with and overtaking developed countries is a matter of time, Moa Zedong thought like that, but the reality didn’t go ahead like his hope.

Farmers could get their own farm land, but lost owing to collectiveness on agriculture, so their consciousness of their own land on the farm land lost and their willingness of labor declined. Agricultural productivity started to flounder owing to collectiveness on agriculture.

• 共感4