Science,English,and math 7th

【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《The number of wild tigers are no less than from 5000 to 7400》

…and are just below 10 in North Korea.

Amoy tigers which are distributed in China alone are from 30 to 80. Sumatran tigers are from 600 to 650, and Malaysian tigers are from 1050 to 1750, so the whole number on wild tigers are from 5000 to 7400.

Washington treaty was concluded November in 1994, then a suggestion about protection on tigers were one of focus on the treaty, but it regulates international trade alone.

Even if repeating an empty slogan over and over again, no one can…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《The number of wild tigers are no less than 5000 to 7400》

…no one can protect wild tigers. It shows us clearly the activity on protection of Bengal tigers.

Indian government and WWF committed a large number of people and invested a large number of money and continue activity on protection persistently more than twenty years. WWF spent ninety and four thousand dollars from 1993 to 1994.

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

International investigation on the number of African elephants are continued. Its first total outcome…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

Its first total outcome was reported in 1993, but its minute investigation was hard, so it’s just an outline, for lots of cases were counted by the amount of dung and witness, and it was the base, so other regions were estimated being based on the count.

If the place was an open area, the census on elephants were done from the sky by airplane, but in forests the research was forced to be dependent the amount of dung and information by local people alone.

The result on the research, the…

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【Our companions disappear form the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

As the result on research, it turned out that the number on elephants in forests were less than we expected until then.

The typical one was Zaire. It used to be said its number was no less than some three million at one time, but after that the estimation on its number was just three hundred thousand from 1970s to 1980s. To my surprise, the research on this time it was estimated no more than sixty four thousand.

It was said the whole number on elephants in Africa was from…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

It was said that the whole number on African elephants were from five hundred fifty thousand to sixty twenty hundred thousand. Lots of people who concerned African elephants said they increased a little in 1993. It seems to be some sixty fifty thousand.

A baby is counted as one, their period for pregnancy is twenty two month, breast-feeding the baby for a few years and become mature sexually from the age of ten to fifteen. Its breeding ration is very low.

Stopping trade on African elephants…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continued to decrease even at present》

Stopping trade on elephants started in 1990, so it’s just babies which increased then.

Investigation on the number of elephants started in 1970s so as to grasp the situation on poaching, and rough estimation then was two million and seventy hundred thousand.

Considering the number on the elephants at present, tendency for decreasing seems to remain, but there has been a strong demand that the elephant increases so much that wanting to decrease its number in the area of Southern Africa.

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

It is certain that increasing elephants too much by concentration in small area broke out in Kenya or Uganda in 1960s.

Elephants were made to decrease in Uganda, after that the poaching made elephants damage, so their number in Uganda are some two thousand, so it is far from recovery there.

On the other hand, elephants weren’t made to decrease in Kenya, but lots of them were dead because of a drought, to make matters worse poaching was done after that, but some six thousand have survived…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

…but some six thousand of elephants have survived in Kenya, the number on elephants is more than any other area.

Decrease on elephants was on account that people made use of the land, it was argued among the people once, but there have never been the opinion lately. It is said there is land which can accommodate the number five millions of elephants in the whole Africa at present.

The biggest cause on decrease of the elephants is poaching which is organized internationally, but…

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《African elephants continue to decrease even at present》

But each country in Eastern Africa said long years are necessary to exterminate the poaching from bitter experience in the past. Ominous clouds are threatening over African elephants owing to economic demand.

When the humankind didn’t want the elephant tusk, elephants were everywhere in Africa, but destruction on vegetation didn’t break out then. Natural balance in natural world makes increasing too much a trivial thing in the past.

Elephants aren’t too much nor so big in the natural world.

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【Our companions disappear from the earth】

《Some 10% on birds, 16% on mammal are on the verge of extinction》

A hunter went to a small town at Saigon in Vietnam so as to sell a horn and skin of Javanese rhino in 1988. It is said the Javanese rhino became extinct in Vietnam at the end of 19th century, and there has never been the news on rhino in the 20th century, but it was discovered again then.

Javanese rhino which used to distribute southern Asian continent widely disappeared from everywhere, and the ones which we knew were the ones at the west end of Javanese island alone then.

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I’m going to express other topic.

【Mr.Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The latest image on the various face of the earth picked up by the space shuttle》

The earth which is our native place is a beautiful planet surrounded by water and atmosphere, but it has been pointed out lately it has a lot of problems.

《An aurora which he looked at from the space shuttle》

The aurora which he looked at in the outer space was more impressive than any other thing. The aurora was below the space shuttle, but upper place of the curtain on the light expanded the height…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《An aurora which he looked at from the space shuttle》

…but the upper place of the curtain on the light expanded the height where the space shuttle flew, so the shuttle flew across the curtain of the light.

The aurora which we looked on the ground shakes without a break, so Mr. Mori said the aurora gave him an impression of musical performance of orchestra, on the other hand the aurora which he looked at from the outer space was quiet as if it had been a baroque music, though I’ve never listened to the music like that.

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when he looked at it from the earth】

《The area of sea around Bahamas is one of the most beautiful sea in the world》

Islands of Bahamas which float on the blue sea. The biggest island of Andros was front of the image and the Florida peninsula was lower left.

The sea where there is coral reef is light blue. When the depth of the sea changes, the color of the sea does into deep blue. Its contrast is very beautiful in the area of sea around Bahamas, so we can say it’s one of the most beautiful sea in the world.

The area of sea water is so clear that we...

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at the earth from the outer space】

《The area of sea around Bahamas is one of the most beautiful sea in the world》

The area of sea water is so clear that we can see even at the bottom of the sea where the depth of the water is shallow.

The area of the land is little when looking at it from the whole earth, and the sea accounts for 70% on the surface of the earth. Almost all of the sea are deep blue, and there are little on the shining blue like the area of sea around Bahamas. Except for this place, the sea around Hawaii was beautiful.

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The area of sea around Bahamas is one of the most beautiful sea in the world》

Pollution on the sea becomes various problem, but when looking at those sea, it makes me think there are areas of sea which aren’t polluted so much still more.

The author said like that.

《A tremendous maelstrom 大渦巻き in the atmosphere, it’s a hurricane》

There is a photograph on hurricane taken November in 1994. The hurricane caused a deluge in Spain and France then.

When looking at the surface of the earth, typhoon or hurricane of which…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A huge maelstrom in the atmosphere. It’s a hurricane》

When looking at the surface on the earth, it was a typhoon or hurricane of which we are aware first of all. The typhoon has a big structure of which diameter is no less than hundreds of kilometers. It is swirling and white as if a cream was whipped.

When Mr. Mori flew in the outer space, he saw two typhoons. An area around the typhoon was a clear sky very well, and he could recognize the typhoon moved little by little every day, especially the clear one was its eye.

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A gigantic maelstrom in the atmosphere, it’s a hurricane》

There was an actual hole in the place where there was its eye, and there was no any cloud in the least. The tremendous whirlpool on the typhoon made him feel an energy which included in the atmosphere, Mr. Mori said like that.

《A scene when the sun set is impressive》

When being on board the space shuttle, the speed that the sun sets is sixteenth times as fast as on the earth. As a result, the color of the atmosphere changes in a flash.

The surface on the…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A scene when the sun sets is impressive》

The surface on the ground became pitch-black or the atmosphere looked still red from the shuttle before the sun set completely.

When the sun set more, the color of the surface on the ground became a blue belt. The blue belt became thin from its end and melted into the darkness in the outer space finally. Then the blue in the atmosphere was so beautiful that I couldn’t express it.

When looking at the layer on the atmosphere it was thin and I sometimes found it fleeting.

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The scene when the sun sets is impressive》

The scene of sunset showed us varied situations in the atmosphere. There is a photo on the sunset. The photo was sunset in South Africa, and was taken from the sky. It looked that the atmosphere was divided into some layers.

The part which looked white is the most upper place on the stratosphere 成層圏, and particles on sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate floated thanks to eruption by Mt. Pinatubo or Mt. Hudson.

There is a violet belt in the middle. Dust or aerosol in the…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The scene when the sun sets is impressive》

Dust or aerosol are crowded together from the troposphere 対流圏.

The red one of the lowest part seems to be the smoke by burning off the fields.

《A witness on violent eruption in Kamchatka peninsula from the outer space》

The space shuttle was launched September in 1994. The day on launching, a mountain in Kamchatka peninsula erupted. The last eruption was fifty years ago. A crew in the space shuttle took a photo on the eruption right away.

The thick smoke rising from the…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A witness on violent eruption in Kamchatka peninsula from the outer space》

It was said the thick smoke rising from the mountain reached the height of 18 kilometers and southern east on the Pacific Ocean was covered with the smoke. The smoke spread over no less than 1000 kilometer.

The mountain which erupted was 4750 meters above sea level and was in the center of Kamchatka peninsula.

The ones who were on board the space shuttle could see volcanoes raise the smoke here and there on the earth. It was an evidence that…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A witness on violent eruption in Kamchatka peninsula from the outer space》

It is an evidence that the earth is alive.

When flying in the shuttle, the thick smoke was rising from the volcano in Kamchatka and from Mt. Etna in Sicily island, Mr. Mori said like that.

Needless to say, he could also see the thick smoke was rising from Mt. Sakurajima. It was regrettable that Mt. Pinatubo was covered with cloud, so he couldn’t see the thick smoke rising from the mountain in Philippine.

When something unusual happened like…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《A witness on violent eruption in Kamchatka peninsula from the outer space》

When something unusual happened like the eruption on volcano, crews in space shuttle observe it from over the sky immediately.

An earthquake broke out off eastern area of Hokkaido prefecture October in 1994, then the space shuttle flew over the sky and watched damage by tidal wave then.

《Deserts all over the world have different expressions each other》

The Sahara Desert in the center of Algeria spread out below Mr. Mori. The photograph was…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《Deserts all over the world have different expression each other》

The photograph was taken to the direction of northern west, and Mr. Mori said he could see Mt. Atlas around horizon far from there. The top on the Mt. Atlas was covered with snow. It was unusual that there were clouds over the Sahara and the clouds caused rain the desert.

The desert was brown, and there was a red part among the brown. It was called テイフェルーニ dune.

An arid region like the desert, a semi-desert, or steppe makes up for one third on the...

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《Deserts all over the world have different expression each other》

An arid region like the deserts, semi-desets, and steppes make up for one third on the land of the earth. While abundant green like tropical rain forest or coniferous forest zone exist, there are lots of arid regions. It’s a characteristic on the earth.

There are deserts each country, and each of color, geographical feature is different and has the characteristic.

The deserts in Africa, Saudi Arabia, and North America are red. The ones in Central Asia…

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《Deserts all over the world have different expressions each other》

The ones in Central Asia is close to brown. If we get used to looking at it, when looking at its geographical feature or color alone, we can recognize the desert where it is, can’t we?

The author said like that, but they look all the same, I’m wondering.

《The Aral Sea which is disappearing a lake. I’ve watched it from the outer space》

Mr. Mori said he saw the Aral Sea of which area on lake decreases every year. There is Turkmenistan in front of the lake

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The Aral Sea which is disappearing lake. I’ve watched it from the outer space》

We call it Aral Sea, so I thought it was the sea when hearing its name, but it seems to be a lake. Why is it called sea?

There is a black part in the right front from the lake. Two rivers flow into the lake, and one of them is Amudarya, and the black part is its delta. Cultivated land by irrigation develops there.
Other river was called Syrdarya.

It is said that water from the two rivers was used for irrigation so much that the area..

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The Aral Sea which is disappearing lake. I’ve watched it from the outer space》

It is said that water from the two rivers were used for irrigation so much that it causes the decrease on the area of the lake.

A place around the lake, especially the mouth of Amudarya looks white. As the lake retreats the bottom of the lake is exposed. Then the crystal of the salt was separated from the salt. Pollution by the salt is extremely severe there.

Some places where an investigation is done form the outer space concentratedly...

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【Mr. Mori talked on the earth when looking at it from the outer space】

《The Aral Sea which is disappearing lake. I’m watching it from the outer space》

Some places where the investigation is done from the outer space concentratedly by the space shuttle are fixed, and the Aral Sea is one of them.

When looking at the lake from directly overhead, I find it something weird. The photo was taken April in 1994, and a part of the lake froze then.

The lake of which size is the fourth place in the world is about to vanish thanks to what we the humankind have done.

Mr. Mori said like that.

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

Watching the earth from the outer space means that observing the earth from different viewpoint altogether until at present. Then we can catch an expression on the earth clearly which we can’t know from the earth easily in the orbit where the earth rotates.

《Going across over the aurora》

When flying to the outer space by the space shuttle in 1992, Mr, Mori.said he witnessed a lot of wonderful scenes over and over again, in particular, aurora at which he looked form the orbit on the earth was impressive.

When looking at the photo…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Going across over the aurora》

When looking at the photo taken from the shuttle, some of them are red or green, but the aurora which I looked at was almost white light.

As the aurora generates around the place over some 80 kilometers from the ground, when looking at it from the outer space, there was space between the aurora and the surface of the ground, and stars shone there, so I found it impressive, the author said like that.

The curtain of light made up with aurora looked white vaguely in the beginning, but when eyes got…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Going across over the aurora》

…but when eyes got accustomed to the aurora, we learned to look at its minute structure gradually.

When the space shuttle moved, it did as if it had gone across the aurora, then the ones in the space shuttle could look at the curtain of the aurora. After passing the aurora, we the ones in the space shuttle could look at the opposite side of the aurora.

Without being in the outer space, no one could go through it.

When looking at clouds from the outer space, I found it very interesting, and could….

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Going across over the aurora》

…and could sometimes understand how the atmosphere moved. The one which caught my eye more than anything was a typhoon.

As its diameter is hundreds of kilometers, it takes time for the space shuttle go across, but as its height was no more than 10 kilometers from the ground, it looked as if it had clung to the ground and swirled there.

On the other hand, as cumulonimbus 積乱雲 reached at the height of 20 kilometers it looked higher than the typhoon and other clouds. When looking at the clouds closely…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Going across over the aurora》

…we could grasp there was a high pile of clouds there as if they had been pie skins. If the light from the sun shone on the clouds, the clouds made shadow over its upper layers and the clouds looked three dimensional then.

Geographical feature on the ground looked different if the angle on the light from the sun was different. When the sun shone diagonally, we could look ups and downs on the ground clearly.

For example, as to the Grand Canyon, we could look at unevenness on the ground. It depends on…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Going across over the aurora》

It depends on the light on the angle from the sun.

As to the water flowing on the river of the Grand Canyon, when the light reflected on there, the surface on the river shone. The ones in the space shuttle could see the course of the river clearly as if they had been veins.

We have never been conscious of the water of inland usually, but then we could see it vividly.

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

When looking at the change on the scene below us the ones in the space shuttle…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

When looking at the change on the scene from Philippine, Indonesia, Taiwan to Japan below us, it seemed that there were plenty of green in Asia.

As for Japan, if looking at it from the outer space, the places where people were active were limited and it proved that almost all its territory is covered with green. Japan is a country which has lots of green overwhelmingly among developed countries.

When the author flew, there was always clouds over the tropical rain forest in the…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

When the author flew, there was always clouds over the tropical rain forest in Southern east Asia, it’s just that we could see blackish green between the clouds.

On the other hand, as there was little clouds over Amazon, we could see several white smoke burning forests. The white smoke lingered there.

When looking at the earth form the outer space, I thought the earth was big and plenty of nature still remained.

On the other hand, there were some places where we could see…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

…there were some places where we could see working on people clearly.

Needless to say, we can’t see the shape on people from the outer space, but as to a big city, ratio on reflection of light was different altogether, we could see it well, for lots of structure concentrated there, it looked white.

The author said he looked at a large scale of building or at a structure of which shape was square stuck out on the sea.

Could he see them so clearly? I’m wondering.

But the one which…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

But the ones which was more characteristic were fields. As to a place where a forest was cleared and became the field, we can see difference between fields and forests clearly. The author said the ones in the space shuttle could see fields of which shape were geological everywhere in Siberia, America, and Canada.

As the fields are by far bigger than part of city, we could see clearly we the humankind have eroded the green.

We couldn’t see green any more at night. The one which we…

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【Significances of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

The one which we could see was the light from a city, in short a working on people alone.

As to an environmental problem, when Mr. Mori flew, acid rain over Europe was the problem, but he couldn’t see the acid rain influenced over there from the outer space, but the mouth of a big river was polluted with household effluent everywhere.

When looking at the scene, he said he thought the humankind started soil the earth.

However it is fact that the earth is by far bigger than…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Looking at working on people from the outer space》

However it is fact that there is an impression the earth is by far bigger than working on people.

When flying over Mt. Himalaya, Mr. Mori said he could understand its folding action well and felt the plate collided, so the mountain was formed by pushing up actually.

In addition he can see desert spread over with overwhelming area all over the world. He can see a large scale of expression on the earth from the outer space.

《Why do we the humankind go to the outer space?》

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Why do we the humankind go to the outer space?》

A technical skill of remote sensing of observing the earth by artificial satellite has developed so much lately that it has brought us valuable information, but it is significant to watch the earth from the outer space with our own eye actually, for the eye of our own is very sharp and when having a good eye for the outer space, we can see minute character on the earth so much. Even if analytical ratio raises, as if its ratio didn’t go down.

When in the time of a space station, we’ll …

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Why do we the humankind go to the outer space?》

When in the time of a space station, we’ll learn to stay in the outer space for a half year. If being interested in the earth, when looking at it a half year will pass at once, won’t it?

Mr. Mori said after watching the earth from the outer space, he said he learned to be interested in the history on the earth and a role on creatures of the earth.

Each of specialist on meteorology, oceanography, geophysics, geology, geography, biology and environmental science stay in the space…

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【Significance of watching the earth from the outer space】

《Why do we the humankind go to the outer space?》

Specialists on each field stay and watch the earth from the space station for a long time, a new discovery must have been then.

There is an argument why we the humankind go to the outer space, but it is significant to watch the earth from the outer space with our own eye and to think over the earth and creatures from a new point of view.

By the way, as there is a book which I’ve wanted to read, this thread of my own is limited in a weekend alone for a while. After reading, I’ll return

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【A new ターヘルアナトミア】

《Preface》

An epoch making book on dissection 解剖 was published in Japan in 1774. It was ターヘルアナトミア. It expressed a situation inside of a person’s body exactly then.

After that, more than two hundred years have passed, and the inside of the human body has been clear minutely by progress of medical science at present.

When looking at fine organs functioning inside the human body, we can understand its mechanism well.

How does the heart send blood all over the body? Why can intestines 腸 do food which was eaten for suitable digestion? How does the kidney produce urine?

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【A new ターヘルアナトミア】

《Preface》

Those organs function with minute mechanism extremely.

When looking at them more closely, each of organs is made up with lots of cells. An eye has cells for watching a thing. A liver has cells which secretes 分泌 digestive juice and counteracts poison. A bone has cells which continued to produce new bones.

More than 270 kinds of cells of which shape and function is different achieve each of function. It is done each of organs. Each of organs have played a part professionally with the help of each of cells.

As to the human body, the more we know, the more we…

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【A new ターヘルアナトミア】

《Preface》

As to the human body, the more we know, the more interesting we find it. All of the things on the human body have been expressed in the book. To be exact, its title is 人体新書, it’s a magazine called Newton.

Moreover, a system on Immunity which protects the human body from a disease-causing germ from the outside or unexpected course on our organs inside the human body evolved from other organs of other different creatures were expressed in the book.

The author said like that.

Here we go.

【An illustrated reference book on human body】

We have various organs…

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【An illustrated reference book on human body】

Our body has various organs inside the body like heart, lung, liver and kidney. Without taking a rest any moment, they’ve played an important part so as that we can lead our every body life healthily.

With the progress on medical science, as to the structure on organs of a person, it has been clear so minutely. Being aware of the structure makes us understand how the organs function with a mechanism. We can grasp their skillful mechanism.

Marvelous organs which have lots of mechanism have been expressed in the first chapter. Brain, heart…

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