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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A dispute over self-defense capacity in national assembly〉

...but Japan didn`t have such the equipments, so it didn`t have the war potential as well.

After that, the equipments on the Self-Defense Forces enriched and Japan had the jet airplane, the way of saying changed.

The article 9 of the constitution didn`t forbid Japan to have the force which is necessary and minimum so as to accomplish the right of self-defense.

As to a way of saying the Self-Defense Forces changed from the war potential to the force.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A dispute over self-defense capacity in national assembly〉

Besides, as to a nuclear weapon, the government said Japan couldn`t possess it owing to offensive one, but then the Nobusuke Kishi Prime Minister said clearly if there was a nuclear weapon which was thought to be a pure defensive one, there is possibility that Japan has it in 1957.

Needless to say, it doesn`t always mean that Japan is armed with nuclear weapons at once, but if the Japanese government proclaims that it`s a defensive nuclear weapon,Japan,,,

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A dispute over self-defense capacity in national assembly〉

...but it means that if the Japanese government proclaims it`s a defensive nuclear weapon, Japan will be able to possess even the nuclear weapon, but having the nuclear weapon, the Japanese government said it`s not force. Is the expression possible?

〈How did a law court judge the Self-Defence Forces?〉

Is the Self-Defense Forces an existence against the constitution? It used to be brought to court. It`s Naganuma suit.

The Self-Defense Forces of air...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈How did a law court judge the Self-Defense Forces?〉

The Self-Defense Forces of air force announced it had a plan of cutting down a forest reserve at a natioanl land of Naganuma town in Hokkaido prefecture and constructing a base for missiles in 1968.

As the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries allowed to do it on account of public interest in the next year, local residents insisted that the Self-Defense Forces which was against the constitution wasn`t equal to the public interest, and sued the nation.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈How did a law court judge the Self-Defense Forces?〉

A district court in Sapporo sentenced that the court accepted the local residents were right, and it judged the Self-Defense Forces was equal to the war potential which the article 9 of the constitution prohibited to have. It judged the existence of the Self-Defense Forces as against the constitution. It`s the first judgement on the Self-Defense Forces which was against the constitution by the court.

The government was dissatisfied with the judgement and...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈How did a law court judge the Self-Defense Forces?〉

...and a high court in Sapporo rejected the appeal from the local residents. The high court was in position in which the law court shouldn`t judge with regard to the existence on the Self-Defense Forces. What does it mean?

Setting up and taking advantage of the existence like the Self-Defense Forces is the most basic political decision which is indispensable a high degree of political judgement accompanied with an advanced judgement of technical skill.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈Hoe did a law court judge the Self-Defense Forces?〉

This is an activity in regard to ruling over the nation, so it`s not an objection for a judiciary inspection.

In short it`s a decided by the Cabinet which is the representation from the Japanese, so the law court shouldn`t interfrere with it.

The local residents appealed to higher court, but without showing judgement whether or not the Self-Defense Forces were against the constitution, it rejected the appeal from the local residents.

The judgement of it`s...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈How did a law court judge the Self-Defense Forces?〉

The judgement which was against the constitution by the high court in Sapporo was denied.

As to the judgement by the high court, there were a criticism from the Japanese like the next.

We`ve expected the law court for an important role to examine whether or not it`s against the constitution, but the law court renounced its responsibility, but the law court hasn`t change its policy.

Where is an independence on judiciary? What`s the separation of three branches?

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas〉

Without judgening whether or not the Self-Defense Forces were against the constitution by the law court, the Self-Defense Forces have been a bigger existence more and more.

In 1990s, the Gulf War broke out,and it made us the Japanese argue on the Self-Defense Forces and international contribution. How should we deal with both of them?

The military force in Iraq invaded Kuwait which was a neighboring nation to Iraq August in 1990. The Gulf War broke out.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas〉

Multinational forces of which center was the U.S.A.attacked Iraq and they drove Iraq out of Kuwait. Then the President Bush sounded Japan out whether or not Japan could send the Self-Defense Forces so as to give logistical support for the multinational forces, but then the Toshiki Kaifu Cabinet refused it.

Instead, Japan offered America a fund of $ thirteen billion. America spent some expenditure on the Gulf War,and Japan shouldered a large part of the expenditure.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas〉

However after the Gulf War was over, Kuwait carried a thankful advertisement in American newspaper, New York Times. Kuwait made a list of the names of countries which cooperate with release Kuwait from Iraq, but there wasn`t the name of Japan there.

It made a voice that offering money alone isn`t always international contribution intensified in Japan. How should we contribute in international society?

We the Japanese ourselves should do something useful for...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas〉

We the Japanese ourselves should do something useful for the international society, that kind of argument was done, and a bill on the PKO has been formed June in 1992.

After that Japanese Self-Defense Forces cooperated with activities on peacekeeping in the united nations, and were dispatched to Cambodia in SouthEast Asia, Mozambique in Africa, Golan Height in the Middle East.

A civil war broke out in Rwanda, and the Rwandan fled into Zaire which was a...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas〉

...and Rwandan fled into Zaire which was a neighboring nation, and they became refugees. The Self-Defense Forces went into action so as to rescue the refugees, though it wasn`t the activity on peacekeeping in the united nations.

The organization was made a start as a spare for the police, but it`s grown to be the one which is sent overseas, though its existence remains unclear whether or not it`s against the constitution.

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense...〉

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right for it?〉

The Japanese society isn`t worried about the people in the Self-Defense Forces. There is a phrase like the next.

As we don`t know it, so it doesn`t exist. According to the phrase, we don`t know the member in the Self-Defense Forces, so we can`t see them. We don`t know on the soldiers in the Self-Defense Forces too less. It`s a quotation from a book.

Except for the people whose family members or friends are concerned the Self-Defense Forces...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right for it?〉

...how many people do we know on the Self-Defense Forces in Japan?

Without making the Japanese know on the Self-Defense Forces, don`t the organizaton of the Self-Defense Forces become too big?

If thinking that the Self-Defense Forces are existence which is against the constitution, without knowing it, is it all right?

Or if thinking that the Self-Defense Forces are indispensable for us, do we support them unconditionally?

Without...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right?〉

Without arguing concretely practically, is the equipment necessary for the Self-Defense Forces or not? Without knowing the Self-Defense Forces have grown into a tremendous armed force. It`s a big problem, isn`t it?

The rule of the article 9 of the constitution has made Japan stop from having a large scale of armanents, for there has always been an argument whether or not some equipments are equal to war potential.

As a result, without spending...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right for it?〉

As a result,without spending much money on the armanent, a large part of the national budget has been spent on improvement for the people`s lives, so Japan could devote itself moving forward to a economic power.

There is a phrase of the wealth and military strength of a country, but the phrase isn`t equivalent to Japan exactly. Without being military strength, we could aim at building a wealty nation. We could enjoy the blessing of the...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right for it?〉

We could get the blessing from the article 9 of the constitution clearly,but we`ve pretened not to see the Self-Defense Forces for a long time. Is it all right for it?

The National Police Reserve, the party of preservation of law and order, and the Self-Defense Forces are treated as if they had never been armed forces, so they have never been argued in national assembly properly.

The one who used to be in the allied force and was in charge...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈We don`t know on the Self-Defense Forces, but is it all right for it?〉

The one who used to be in the allied forces and was in charge of the organization on the Self-Defense Forces said on the situation like the next.

Essential matters like a qualification on generals in a new armed force, a criterion on choosing members who are engaged in the armed force, their promotion, or principle on training have never been argued in national assembly, nor been done in public.

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

The Defense...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

The Defense Agency was upgraded to the Defense of Ministry January in 2007, so we`ve learned to call its top the Minister of Defense. It`s showed us the Self-Defense Forces aren`t a social outcast.

At the same time, laws on the Self-Defense Forces have been reformed, and activities by the Self-Defense Forces overseas become original duties.

The Self-Defense Forces were dispatched to Iraq from 2007, and it made the dispatching the Self-Defense Forces overseas become a big argument.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

The Ground Self-Defense Forces made a billet 宿営地 in As-Samawah which is southern area in Iraq and were engaged in supporting revival on the local area.

Then rocket bombs were often fired into the billet, but without being injured anyone, they withdrew safely in 2006.

The Air Self-Defense Forces transported supplies from kuwait to Iraq and its duty was also over safely.

Moreover the Marine Self-Defense Forces were sent to Indian Ocean,and continues lubricating for warships and...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈After that,what`s happened?〉

...and continues to lubricating warships and other vessesl in multinational force and joining battle against terrorism in Afghanistan by helping the miltinatinoan force.

The more the Self-Defense Forces were dispatched overseas, the less a large scale movement against the Self-Defense Forces become unlike in the beginning.

At the same time, a national argument on a position of the Self-Defense Forces is dropping.

【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party and...】

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 sysem】

〈The Social Democratic Party became small still more〉

An Upper House election was done June in 2004, and number of seat which the Social Democratic Party got was no more than two. It fell into the fifth political party in the Upper House.

When we used to call it the Socialist Party, it competed with the Liberal Democratic Party as two major parties, but no one couldn`t imagine it.

After formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democratic Party and new political Party Sakigake, changing ...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus The　Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Democratic Party became small still more〉

After forming a coaliton government with the Lieberal Democratic Party and a new politicaL party Sakigake, the Socialist Democratic Party changed its principle drastically.

A large part of the Diet member moved from the political party which used to be the Socialist Party to the Democratic Party of Japan, so the　Socialist Democratic Party became a minimum one.

On the other hand, the Liberal Democratic Party which was opposed to the...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Democratic Party became small still more〉

On the other hand, the Liberal Democratic Party which was opposed to the Socialist Party lost political power at one time, but returned to power again.

After the World War Ⅱ, the Liberal Democratic Party and the Socialist Party had stood in position for a long time in Japanese politics.

Various arguments and oppositons continued over the constitution, the Self-Defense Forces,and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty between the political parties.

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Party became small still more〉

The Socialist party always stood in the conservative influence`s way and was a threat for the conservative influence.

Inejiro Asanuma who was then the chairperson in the Socialist Party was assassinated by a boy in the right wing October in 1960, for the Socialist Party was such a menace that the chairperson became the victim for the terrorism.

A structure of opposition between the Liberal Democratic Party and the Socialist Party is called the 1955...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishmen on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Democratic Party became small still more〉

The structure of the opposition between the Liberal Democratic Party and the Soialist Party is called the 1955 system, for it was caused in 1955.

The 1955 system formed a foundation on politics in Japan after the Wolrd War Ⅱ. What`s the 1955 system?

〈All sorts of political parties jumped into Japan after the war〉

A general election was done after the world war April in 1946, being based on the new law on election. It was immediately...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈All sorts of political parties jumped into Japan after the war〉

The general election was immedeately before the new constitution was promulgated. Previous year, in short, autumn in the year when Japan was defeated, various political parties were born.

As to a result of the election into which all sorts of political parties jumped, Japan Liberal party of which president was Ichiro Hatoyama got 141 seats and became the first political party.

The Progressive Party which was born after the war...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈All sorts of political parties jumped into Japan after the war〉

The Progressive Party which was born after the war and supported the Kijuro Shidehara Cabinet got 94 seats, so it was the second political party.

Everyone thought Ichiro Hatoyama became the Prime Minister, for he was the president on the Liberal Party which was the first political party, but GHQ suddenly made him purge from public office.

He was blamed his action as statesman in the past, and GHQ forbade him to participate in...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈All sorts of political parties jumped into Japan after the war〉

...and GHQ forbade him to participate in politics, so he was forced to retire from the president in the Liberal party. He asked Shigeru Yoshida who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Shidehara Cabinet to be his successor, the president in the Liberal Party.

Thus the Yoshida Cabinet of the coalition government by the Liberal Party and Progressive Party was born.

『Column, Inejiro Asanuma』

He was from Miyakejima in Tokyo...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

『Inejiro Asanuma』

...and graduated from Waseda university. He tackled a labor movement before the war, and was often arrested by the police.

After the war, after going through a chief secretary,he became a chairperson in the Socialist party in 1960.

His friend expressed his vigorous activity in a poem like the next.

Asanuma is like a peasant who made a speech, for wears a dirty clothes with a worn out bag. Today was at a public hall in Tokyo, and tomorrow at a temple in street corner of Kyoto.

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こんばんは🙂マユミちゃん、元気かな？✌️　台風嫌だね😱

【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishmen on the 1955 system】

『Inejiro Asanuma』

Without feeling tired, he was so acitive that his nickname was a human like a locomotive. As he rarely stayed at his own home, so his wife used to say their house was a station for the express train.

He visited China in 1959 and made a speech like the next.

American imperialism is a mutual enemy for both of the people in Japan and China, and the conservatives in Japan felt repelled violently by his speech, and he was assassinated by a boy...

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【The Liberal democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

『Inejiro Asanuma』

...and he was assassinated by a boy in the right wing.

〈The political power of the Socialist Party was born〉

A general election on the House of Representatives was done again April in 1947, and unexpectedly the Socialist Party won 143 seats and became the first political party then.

Various activists who tackled the labor movement gathered before the war and formed the political party in 1945. It`s the Socialist Party.

Hope from the Japanese wanted not to repeat the tragic...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialits Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The political power of the Socialist party was born〉

A hope from the Japanese wanted not to repeat the tragic war was directed the Socialist Party, for the Socialist Party wasn`t the conservative influnence which succeeded to political current from before the war.

At the same time there was a hope of wanting to escape from bitter economic situation after the war among the Japanese.

Then a phrase of socialism used to be fresh for the Japanese, so the Japanese expected the political party to ....

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The political power of the Socialist Party was born〉

...so we the Japanese expected the Socialist Party to realize a society for us.

The Socialist Party alone didn`t reach a majority, so the coalition party adding two other two political parties of the Deomocratic Party of Japan then, the Cooperative Party was formed.

The Prime Minister was Tesus Katayama who was a chairperson in the right wing from the Socialist Party. It was the first Cabinet by the Socialist Party.

『Column, a common...』

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

『Column, a common practice in a constitional politics』

Even if the Socialist Party won the 143 seats, the Liberal Party 131, and the Democratic Party of Japan then 124, so if Shigeru Yoshida tried to form the coalition government with the Democratic Party of Japan then, he could maintain a position as the Prime Minister.

However he thought the president in the first political party should become the Prime Minister, which is a common practice in constitutional politics, and he didn`t try to...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

『Column, a common practice on a constitutional politics』

...and he didn`t try to maintain the political power, so the chairperson in the Socialist Party which was the first political party became the Prime Minister then.

〈The Katayam Cabinet collapsed due to the opposition by the left wing party〉

The Katayama Cabinet started with the hope from the Japanese, but couldn`t achieve its results.

Though the Prime Minister was from the Socialist Party, it was the coalition government which united...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed owing to the opposition by the left wing party〉

...it`s the coalition government united with the conservative influnece, so the Socialist Party couldn`t start its original socialistic policy owing to an opposition by the conservative influence.

It often followed the policy on the Yoshida Cabinet, so dissatisfaction that the Cabinet broke its campaign promise heightened among the Japanese.

The policy which was realized was limited in the worst economic situation...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed because of an opposition by the left wing party〉

...but the bigger the hope from the Japanese to the Socialist Party was, the bigger disappointment was from us then.

The entire Katayama Cabinet resigned in no more than nine months from its formation February in 1948. Its direct cause was an opposition inside the Socialist Party.

A left wing party in the Socialist Party was opposed to a budget bill made up by the Katayama Cabinet. The budget bill included raising...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed on account of an opposition by the left wing party〉

The budget bill included raising public utility charges, and it was a problem for the left wing party. The opposition by the left wing party prevented the budget from forming.

The left wing party in the Socialist Pary took critical position aginast the Katayama Cabinet which couldn`t go ahead with any socialistic policy.

The Katayama Cabinet collapsed because of the opposition inside the Socialist Party.

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed thanks to an opposition by the left wing party〉

As a result, consciousness on confrontation between both of the left and right wing party was left in the Socialist Party deep-rootedly.

Though the Socialist Party didn`t reach the majority, but was in power, so there was a reflect that being in power was too early. It should have done after having enough power to reach the majority by the Socialist Party alone.

However the reflect wasn`t made use of at all when ...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed due to an opposition by the left wing party〉

However the reflect wasn`t made use of a bit when the coaliton government with the Liberal Democratci Party and a New Political Party Sakigake was formed.

The ones who supported the Socialist Party felt repelled by union with the conservatives, and it made the Socialist Party decline.

After the Katayama Cabinet collapsed, Hitoshi Ashida who was the president in the Democratic Party of Japan then became the Prime Minister

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed owing to an opposition by the left wing party〉

However the Ashida Cabinet also collapsed only in seven months due to a corruption by a Cabinet member, and Shigeru Yoshida formed the second Yoshida Cabinet October in 1948. It started the time of the Yoshida Cabinet for six years. It continued until the fifth Cabinet.

An general election was done January in the next year, and the Democratic Liberal Party fromed by Shigeru Yoshida newly won 264 seats. It was more...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed thanks to an opposition by the left wing party〉

It was more than the previous election by 133 seats, and the Democratic Liberal Party occupied an absolute majority in the national assembly.

On the other hand, the Katayama chairperson was defeated in the general elction, and the Socialist Party suffered a crushing defeat.

After that the Yoshida Cabinet signed the peace treaty in San Francisco, and the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, and started rearmanetn. It built ...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Katayama Cabinet collapsed because of an opposition by the left wing party〉

The Yoshida Cabinet built the Japanese frame after the war.

『Column, Tetsu Katayama』

After graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University, and going through a lawyer, he formed the Socialist Democratic Party before the war. After the war he was the first chairperson in the Socialist Party.

He was a pious Christian, and aimed at realizing moderate politics, so his attitude was welcomed by MacArthur in GHQ.

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

『Column, Tetsu Katayama』

His personality filled with consideration for the ones who were not in a good environment antagonized no one, on the other hand there is criticism on him that he was indecisive as statesman and the Prime Minister.

〈The Socialist Party divied into two〉

Japan signed a peace treaty in San Francisco under the Yoshida Cabinet September in 1951. In the middle of the Cold War between East and West, Japan concluded the peace treaty with each nation in the West side alone.

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establisment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Party divided into two〉

講話 in Japanese means doing away with the situation in the war and concluding a peace treaty. It was done with the West side alone, so we call it a single peace treaty.

A national assembly was held for deliberations on the peace treaty October in 1951. Then the Socialist Party`s opinion was separated over attitude on the peace treaty.

The left wing party thought Japan should go ahead with the whole peace treaty in which Japan concluded with each nation in ...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Party divided into two〉

The left wing party thought Japan should go ahead with the whole peace treaty in which Japan concluded with each nation in East side as well, and was opposed to the single peace treaty.

On the other hand, the right wing party thought Japan should conclude with the single peace treaty so as to compete with international socialism.

The convention of the Socialist Party where a plan for the Socialist Party should be decieded was confused. A temporary...

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Socialist Party divided into two〉

A temporary convention of the Socialist Party was held at Asakusa public hall in Tokyo October. The convention in which the principle of the political party should be decided grew more and more entangled.

The convention started from a noon, but dragged on until 4 a.m.in the next day, and the chairperson in the right wing party who was opposed the single peace treaty and Inejiro Asanuma who was a chief secretary in the left wing disputed with violent phrases.

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【The Liberal Democratic Party versus the Socialist Party. An establishment on the 1955 system】

〈The Soicalist Party divied into two〉

The dispute was done in front of atendeees in the convention, and it developed into a melee in which both of the parties jumbled, and the right wing party rushed out of the hall for the convention 9 a.m. and formed original Socialist Party, but the left wing party also called itself the Socialist Party, so there were two of the Socialist Parties then.

Mass meida called the Socalist Party which was the right wing party, and the other was the left wing party.

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