Let`s enjoy English Ⅹ

【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A scoop of newspaper company of Mainichi changed the situation〉

...but it was so conservative and its content wasn`t so different from the one which was eatablished in the Meiji era.

For example, there was an expression on the Meiji emperor like the next. It`s so sacred that no one can invade.

The new constitution was like the next. It`s so noble that no one can invade it.

GHQ left the amendment on the constitution to the Japanese government until then, but the news story made it change its thought.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A scoop of Newspaper company of Mainichi changed the situation〉

If leaving it to the Japanese government, democtatic constitution wouodn`t be realized, GHQ judged like that. It was an occurrence which changed the situation of establishing the constitution.

〈MacArthur directed to renounce war〉

MacArthur who was the supreme commander in the allied force directed to form a draft on the constitution in Japan. Then he showed a memo on which three principles were written down. He thought the three principles were...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈MacArthur directed to renounce war〉

He thoought the three principles were indispensable in the constitution. The three principles are called the three principles by MacArthur or MacArthur note.

While MacArthur allowed the Japanese emperor to exist, he asked the Japanese to abolish the Japanese feudal system in his memo.

As to war, he asked to renounce war not only by means of solving dispute, but with the way of maintain its own safety.

Thus forming a draft on the constitution started. When the draft was ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈MacArthur directed to renounce war〉

When the draft was formed a part that renouncing war even by means of maintaining its own safety was deleted. A demand from MacArthur wasn`t made use of there. Why?

The draft was formed by both of the Americans and the Japanese. The American said like the next.

I`ve thought each nation has right to maintain its own safety, and I don`t think renouncing the right in the constitution is realistic.

America formed a draft on the constitution which allowed the Japanese to have...

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【The Self-Defense Froces were born. A discussion over the constitution started】

〈MacArthur directed to renounce war〉

America formed the draft on the constitution which allowed the Japanese to have the right of self defense.

〈Japanese plan the amendment on the constitution〉

The draft on the constitution fromed by America written in English was handed to ministers of state in Japan.

Without being informed that America formed the draft originally, the ministers of state in Japan were surprised at it. When reading its content, they were shocked at it still more, for it was different from...

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To a person who sent me a message in no 306

Whether or not my grammer was in the wrong, it has nothing to do wiht you.

It doesn`t always mean that I`ve expressed myself in English here so as to make you to be pleased.

In addition, this is a thread for English. If you criticized me like that, please show me your skillful English at onece.

I`ve never asked you to watch this thread of mine. If you don`t think this is interesting, you don`t have to watch it.

If you find fault with me like that, I won`t be worried about it in the least.

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To the one who sent me a message in 308.

I told you to send me a message in English, for it`s a thread in English, and you`ve criticized me like that, so you should show me your English ability.

To my sorrow, I`m not a good English speaker, I`m forced to recognize it, but how much can you speak English? It`s just a single phrase in Japanese, お疲れ様? It`s not in English. Don`t make fun of me.

As to English, you seem to be a worthless one. I`m sorry for it.

I don`t think I want you to come here without showing me your English ability. I dispise you, you are a coward, a chicken.

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【What I`ve thought】

The other day, there was someone who criticized my English, so I retorted him, and then a few people pushed a button of sympathizing with me. Thank you very much. I`m grateful to you for your support.

Without losing my heart, I`m going to continue this thread of my English from now on.

I`ve kept a diary in English here for about a decade, so even if there are some people who criticized me, it`s not strange, but I won`t be worried about it.

Without speaking Engilish, my English ability won`t improve. Don`t be afradi of making a mistake, I`ve thought like that.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A discussion over the constitution started】

〈An amemdment of the Jpanese plan on constitution〉

... for it was different from an amendment that Japanese planned so much, but Japanese side couldn`t refuse it.

Article 9 of the Constitution in question has been the next one finally.

The Japanese people should long for peace sincerely international society of which base is justice and order, and they should renounce forever a war in which the power of the state is taken lagal action and a threat by military force, or making use of the military force as a...

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【The Self-Defense Force was born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈An amendment of the Japanese plan〉

...as a way of solving an international dispute.

The military army, the naval force, and the air force don`t hold war potential so as to accomplish the object in the proceeding clause. The right of belligenrency 交戦権 isn`t allowed.

I`m afraid my English on the article 9 on the constitution may have been in the wrong. I`m not sure whether or not my interpretation on the constituion are right. If I`m in the wrong, could someone kind please tell me a correct one?

〈A meaning of...〉

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constituency started】

〈A meaning of the amendment by Ashida on the article 9 of the constitution〉

A governmental plan on the article 9 of the constitution used to be the one like the next before which was amended in the natioanl assembly.

The Japanese people renounce a war forever in which the power of the state is taken into action and a threat by military force or making use of the military force as a way of solving an internatioanl dispute.

Oh, I`ve made a mistake. The article 9 on the constitution continues, and the next one ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitutio started】

〈A meaning of the amendment by Ashida on the article 9 of the constitution〉

I`m sorry again. Roughly speaking I`m sure my interpretation on the constitution doesn`s seem to be in the wrong so much.

The army, navy, air force and other military power don`t hold the war potential so as to accomplish the aim in the previous clause. The right of belligerency isn`t allowed as well.

Except for a part of words and phrases, there are big changes in two places. The one is addition of sentence in the opening like the next.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A meaning of the amendment on the article 9 of the constitution〉

The Japanese should long for international peace sincerely in which justice and order are base, and the other is other expression has been added in the opening of the latter part, so as to accomplish the aim in the previous clause.

It had been thought the amendment wasn`t different from the original plan so much in the beginning, but Asida who was in charge of the amendment said the amendment was done in order that Japan could possess the military...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A meaning on the amendment by Ashida of the article 9 of the constitution〉

...but Ashida said the amendment was done in order that Japan could possess the military force for self defense, and expressed like the next in 1957.

The letter of the law is very unclear, but I`ve proposed the amendment with full of meaning.

The original plan said we didn`t possess the military force absolutely, but adding the phrase of so as to accomplish the aim in the previous clause, it means that we don`t have the military force...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A meaning of the amendment on the article 9 in the constitution〉

...it means that we the Japanese don`t have the military force under the fixed condition, and it`s been clear that we`ve never abandoned the military force unconditionally.

In short, we`ve renounced the war, the threat by the military force, and making use of the military force as a way of solving the international dispute, and don`t have the any of the military force for the aim. We can interpret with a context like that.

Instead of the way of...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A meaning of the amendment on the article 9 in the constitution〉

Instead of way of solving the international dispute, we can possess something powerful so as to defend Japan. We call the interpretation the amendment by Ashida.

The article 9 used to be the aim of renouncing the war originally, but the amendment has made us have the right of self-defense.

『Column, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology expreseed like the next.』

Though, it didn`t used to be called like that, but when...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology』

...but when trying to look up its old name of the ministry in dictionary, I can`t find it.

The constitution was proclaimed in 1947, and the ministry of Education, Culture,Sports, Science and Technology made a side supplementary reader for school children in both elementary school and junior high school. Its title was a story on the new constitution, and it expressed the renounciation of war like the next.

Two things have been decided...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, the Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports,Science, and Technology expressed like the next』

Two things have been decided in the constitution so as to prevent the Japan from bringing about a war again.

The one is we don`t have anything which is related to war like soldiers, warships, and airplanes. Neither there is the army, navy, nor the air force in Japan from now on. We call it the renunciation on the war.

Renunciation means giving up, but you don`t have to feel you are hopeless, for we the Japanese...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology expressed like the next』

...for Japn has done a right thing by far faster than any other country. Nothing is stronger than the right thing in the world. The other thing is like tbe next.

When breaking out a war between Japan and other country, Japan would never defeat it by the military force and never force our point through.

We`ve decided them, and talking each other mildly, and solving the problem, for makkng a war on other country...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, the Ministry of Educaton, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology expressed like the next』

...for making war on other nation would lead to destroy the country which the one made war on the other. Even if causing war against other country, threatened the other nation by the military force would never do. We`ve decided it, and we call it the renunciation of the war.

Thus if we make friends with other countries, and other nations make friends with Japan all over the world, Japan will flourish.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈Have we been forced on the constitution, or has the constitution been really a godsend?〉

MacArthur who was the supreme commander in the allied force directed the Japanese to make the draft on the present Japanese constitution, so it means that we have been forced on the present constitution.

As a result there was a movement that establishing an independent constitution by the Japanese alone continued.

On the other hand, even if there has been various details on the constitutions, its content is so wonderful...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈Have we been forced on the constitution? Or has the constitution been a godsend?〉

...so we don`t have to change it intentionallly.

There seems to be various opinions on the present constitution.

The Japanese didn`t have any ability to establish the democratic constitution like that after the World War Ⅱ, so we`ve happened to get the marvelous constitution by godsend. Some of the Japanese have thought like that.

A composition in which both of the left and right of the political influential power have been ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈Have we been forced on the constitution? Or has the constitution been a godsend?〉

A composition in which both of the left and right political power have been opposed over the constitution in the Japanese policy after the World War Ⅱ continues since then.

〈The Korean War broke out〉

The Korean War brought about in 1950. The military force in North Korea which went over the the north latitude 38 degrees which divided the Korean peninsula into south and north went south, it was so fierce that as if it had been...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Korean War broke out〉

...it was so fierce that as if it had been a surging wave and the military force in South Korea was a complete defeat then, so the U.S.A.decided to help South Korea from all sides.

The U.S. army which stationed in Japan then were two division in Hokkaido, the one in Kanto, and the other in Kyushu. They were about seventy five thousand in all.

Almost all of the military units moved to the Korean Peninsula so as to help South Korea. Then the old military force in Japan was dissolved ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈The Korean War broke out〉

The Japanese old military force was dissolved completely and it caused a temporary vacuum on the military situation in Japan then.

Even if the military unit in America went into action to the Korean peninsula, family members of the U.S.army lived in Japan then, and America feared that Japan became defenseless completely.

As there was a temporary vacuum on military in Japan, so America also feared that Soviet may have attacked Japan then, taking advantage of Japan which was off guard.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were bonr in Japan. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Shigeru Yoshida』

As being angry over attitude of a news reporter and poured water of a glass him, or used a violent languages on a question from member in national assembly belonged to the opposition party, and the national assembly was forced to dissolve then.

There have been numberless episodes on his dictatorial Prime Minister, and he was in traditional Japanese style, Haori and Hakama, and there was a pipe in his mouth. He was well-knows for his characteristic costume.

He used to stay in China,or....

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over a constitution started】

『Shigeru Yoshida』

He used to stay in China, or England as a bureaucrat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and tried to prevent Japan from rushing headlong into the Pacific War, but couldn`t.

He tried to stop the war in the middle of the war, and it came to light and he was arrested then, but his arrest made his public estimate raised and he was summoned to the political world, and became the Prime Minister through the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

He concluded a peace treaty in San Francisco, and accomplished...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, Shigeru Yoshida』

...and accomplished Japanese independence.

He was once in a position of the opposition party with the form of the Socialist Party, but after that he regained the position of the Prime Minister again, and served for seven years and two months as the Prime Minister.

He raised successors on the Liberal Democratic Party, and other Prime Ministers after him like Eisaku Sato and Hayato Ikeda were called graduates from Yoshida school,

Taro Aso who became the Prime Minister in 2009 was his...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column,Shigeru Yoshida』

Taro Aso who became the Prime Minister in 2009 was his grandson.

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

MacArthur who was the supreme commander in the allied force sent Shigeru Yoshida who was the Prime Minister a letter September in 1950.

He allowed the Japanese Prime Minister to establish the National Police Reserve of which member were seventy five thousand, and to increase eight thousand on a member of staff of the Japan Coast Guard.

In short, allowing meant ordering. Japan was...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

The Japanese government was confused with the sudden order, for it couldn`t understand the meaning of the National Police Reserve in the beginning.

It was translated into the Japanese, 警察予備隊, and was handed a detail plan to the Japanese government, and the Japanese government knew it means rearmanent.

A person who was in charge of the National Police Reserve saw a plan on the organizing military unit, and was aware that America examined the rearmanent on Japan from a long ago

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve started〉

The detailed plan was handed over the one who was in charge of the National Police Reserve after only four days of the sudden order from MacArthur. It was detailed too much.

Actually America planned on Japanese disarmanent in the middle of the intensification of the Cold War between east and west.

When the U.S.army withdrew from Japan in the future, if there was a temporary vacuum on the military in Japan, it wasn`t good, America judged like that, and planned to form the...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

...and America proceeded a plan to form a slight and small scale of rearmanent which would obey an order from America.

It wasn`t originally planned so as to prepare for an attack from an enemy nation, but when communism influence power which supported the influence power in China and Soviet rose up in arms, suppressing it. The National Police Reserve was regarded as the influential power which suppressed the communism power in the beginning, and it became fast with the ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

It became fast with the outbreak of the Korean War.

〈Solidifying foundation on the military force in the future〉

The allied force which occupied Japan allowed Japan to have a power of police to some extent. To be concrete, Japan was allowed to increase two hundred thousand policeman at best.

There were one hundred and twenty thousand policemen in Japan until then, so MacArthur had an authority to add more seventy five thousand as the supreme commnader in allied force.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

Number of seventy five thousand were exactly the same number as the number of American soldiers who went into action from Japan to the Korean peninsula.

MacArthur himself who gave the draft on the constitution to prohibit Japan to have war potential gave order Japan to form organization which was the base on the army this time. He changed a plan.

The National Police Reserver was established as part of the power on the police formally, but it`s actually the base of Japanese...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

...but it`s actually a base on the Japanese army in the future. Eight thousand people who increased in the Japan Coast Guard was the one which grew to the navy later.

Recruitment for the member on the National Police Reserve started August. Their working terms were limited to two years in the beginning, but it changed into a party of preserving law and order, the Self-Defence Forces, and its working terms expanded then.

The unemployed were filled with in Japan then, and a...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

...and a day allowance on a daily labor was two hundred forty yen.

On the other hand, as to a treatment on the National Police Reserve, its starting salary a month was five thousand yen, if working for two years, its retirement money was sixty thousand yen. Moreover its food, clothing, and shelter were free of charge. Its treatment was attractive.

While the member for the recritment were seventy five thousand, its applicants reached three hundred eighty two thousand.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

There was an advertisement on newspaper that the peaceful Japan has wanted you. We hope you who are healthy on both the body and mind to apply for the National Police Reserve.

Then the ones who used to be servicemen in the old military force in Japan weren`t adopted, there were no formal leaders in the Natioanl Police Reserve in the beginning.

The ones who used to be the servicemen were adopted from the next year, and the organization on the party began to form. Weapons...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈National Police Reserve made a start〉

All the weapons were supplied from American army.

The one who was a staff officer in the American army and was in charge of organization on the National Police Reserve said on the actual situation like the next.

Any kind of amred force are forbidden to organnize in the Japanese constitution. Japan has renounced war, and war potential forever. Therefore, we mustn`t say to Japanese executives that the National Police Reserve would be the army in the future in the beginning.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈It pretended to the power in the police〉

While it was the armed force actually, its name was the National Police Reserve, and it pretended to be an organization on the police, so their all classes had a name of the police.

Lots of members in the National Police Reserve thought they were employed by the national Police.

The one who was the staff officer and was in charge of the organization on the National Police Reserve called his subordinates` attention to do like the next.

Japanese constitution has...

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【The Self-Defence Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈It pretended to be the power on the police〉

Japanese constitution has prohibited Japan to have the armed force, so you must not call a Japanese member a soldier, nor an officer in the class on the armed force.

You have to call the soldier a policeman, and an officer a senior policeman. If looking at a tank, it`s not the tank but a special car.

Thus the tank which the National Police Reserve had was called the special car.

The way of calling a foot soldier, a combat engineer, and the artillery were also called...

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【The Self-Defence Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈It pretended to be the power on the police〉

A foot soldier, a combat engineer, and the atrillery were called differently, but to my sorrow, I`m not sure how they were called then, so I omit it.

Professional soldiers who used to be servicemen in the old military force in Japan weren`t allowed to join the National Police Reserve in the beginning.

However the professional soldiers who were purged from public office were released from the purge, and joined the Naitonal Police Reserve, and occupied positions of ...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈It pretended to be the power in the police〉

...and occupied positions on the middle executives, but there were lots of the Japanese who went through many hardships by the war, so the ordinary Japanese watched the members who joined the National Police Reserve severely.

If walking in uniform in the town, they often abused the members a thief who stole their tax. As a result, when going out of the base on day off, the members always make it a rule to change into plain clothes. They are an existence in shade.

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, a social outcast』

Then the Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida who founded the Self-Defence Forces said to the first graduates from the Defense Academy which trains executives in the Self-Defense Forces in the future.

Without being thankful, nor being welcomed from the Japanese when being in the Self-Defense Forces, your life in the Self-Defense Forces may come to an end. Your life may be filled with criticism, or slander. I`m sorry for it, thank you a lot.

However whne the Self-Defense Forces are welcomed...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

『Column, a social outcast』

However when the Self-Defense Forces were welcomed or pampered, Japan may be attacked from a foreign country and may be in the time of crisis, or relieving a disaster. Then Japan is in great difficulty, and the nation faces a confusion.

In other words, when you`re a social outcast, both Japan and the Jpanese are happy. I want all of you to endure it.

〈From the National Police Reserve to the party of the preservation of law and order, to the Self-Defence Forces〉

The National Police...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈From the National Police Reserve to the party of preservation of law and order, to the Self-Defence Forces〉

The National Police Reserve which made a start as unclear existence, which is the one, police or the armed force?,but it grew.

Member of the National Police Reserve increased from seventy five thousand to one hundred ten thousand in 1952, and its name changed into the party of preservation of law and order.

The National Police Reserve on land and the party of coast guard belonged to the Japan Coast Guard...

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【The Self-Defesnse Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started.】

〈From the National Police Reserve to the party of preservation of law and order, to the Self-Defence Forces〉

The National Police Reserve on land and the party of the coast guard belonged to the Japan Coast Guard have united. The National Safety Agency also made a start as upper organization.

In addition, the air force of the Self-Defence Force was newly-established in 1952. The military unit on land has been the Ground Self Defence Force, and the other on the sea the Marine Self-Defence Force. The National...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈From the National Police Reserve to the party of preservation of law and order, to the Self-Defense Forces〉

The National Safety Agency has changed into the Defense Agency, thus the present Self-Defense Forces were born.

〈A dispute over the self-defense capacity in national assembly〉

In the process that the National Police Reserve grew into the Self-Defence Forces, Japanese self-defense capacity often became a big problem.

The National Police Reserve was a spare party for the police formally, but when having...

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【The Self-Defense Forces were born. A dispute over the constitution started】

〈A dispute over the self-defense capacity in national assembly〉

...but when having the artillery and a tank, no one could call it a part of the police.

On the other hand, Japanese government went on insisting that the aritcle 9 of the constitution has prohibited us to have war potential, but it doesn`t deny we have the right of self-defense.

Moreover then the Shigeru Yoshida Cabinet said the war potential indicated useful equipments for accomplising a modern war like a jet airplane, but Japan didn`t have the ....

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