Let’s enjoy English 21st

【America has fought against the discrimination】

《It was announced that though isolating they were equal》

…delivering a sentence that if isolating the black people from the Caucasians, it isn’t always the discrimination.

Dividing the train in which the black people are on board and the one in which the Caucasians are in board or dividing the seating area for the black people from the Caucasians obligated in law at Louisiana in the South of America in 1890. Each of states in the south established in the law.

On the other hand, a black person who was ordered to leave from the seat for the…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《It was announced that though isolated they were equal》

…a blank person who was ordered to leave from the seat for the Caucasians, so the state was against the constitution, for the law on the constitution forbade the discrimination, and went to the court.

On the other hand, the Supreme Court of the United States said like the next.

Dividing the Caucasians from the black people in the law simply isn’t always denying the equality in the law between two of races, concluding the law in the state of Louisiana wasn’t against the constitution.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《It was announced thought dividing they were equal》

It was received that the judgement laid down a principle though isolated they were equal.

In short, even if both of the black people and the Caucasians are separated or isolated completely in the public facilities or in the public transit, It isn’t equal to the discrimination.

After that, especially in the south, varied public facilities learned to be separated for the black people from the for Caucasians. The discrimination itself spread. The judgement went on supporting the racial …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

The judgement went on supporting the racism in America for a half century after that, but the resistance on a single black woman created an opportunity abolishing the discrimination.

《A woman who didn’t offer her seat was arrested》

A woman who worked at a department store got on the bus on the way back from her job at Montgomery which is the capital state in Alabama December in 1955. She sat on the seat at the back of the ones for the Caucasians.

The bus in the state of Alabama was separated for the black people and for the Caucasians.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A woman who didn’t give up her seat was arrested》

The fourth row from the front were for the Caucasians, it’s for ten people, and at the rest part on the back were for the black people on the bus, but if the seats for the Caucasians are full, the black people at the back seat had to stand up and give up its seat. It was the rule.

After the black woman who worked at the department store sat on the seat in the bus, passengers of the Caucasians got on the bus, but there weren’t the seat to sit on for them, so the driver on the bus ordered the …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A woman who didn’t offer the seat was arrested》

…so the driver on the bus ordered the four black people including the black woman to offer their seats. Three black passengers obeyed the order from the driver, but the black woman was so tired that she refused it, remaining on the seat, so she was arrested.

Being arrested because refusing to offer its seat to the Caucasians. It’s the common sense at the south of America then.

But the black people who were dissatisfied with the priority seat for the Caucasians on the bus stood up. The woman…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A woman who didn’t give up her seat was arrested》

The black woman made the opportunity.

The group defending the human rights on the black people and pastors in the Black Church gathered and discussed the countermeasure, and established the improvement association on Montgomery, took the plunge and decided to boycott to take on the bus so as to abolish the racial discrimination on the bus.

The one who was chosen as its leader was Martin Luther King. He was assigned to the town as pastor immediate before the case. Then his age was twenty six.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A woman who didn’t offer the seat was arrested》

It was at night on Thursday when the woman was arrested. The strategy meeting was held on Friday, and the boycott learned to start from Monday.

The pastor called out to black believers to join in the boycott at the black church each place in the church service on Sunday. The large amount of flyers were handed out, moreover, the newspaper in the local reported this, the black people in all the cities knew this appeal.

The population in the city of Montgomery then, the Caucasians were seventy…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A woman who didn’t give up her seat was arrested》

…the population on the Caucasians was seventy five thousand, on the other hand, the black people was forty five thousand, and two thirds of the black people made use of the bus, for lots of them were so poor that they couldn’t own their own cars, so they took advantage of the bus which was the public transport.

The pastor and others approached eighteen taxi companies managed by the black peoples, so the black people could take on the taxi with the same fare with the bus. Moreover the ones….

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

Moreover the ones who had their own cars got ready for taking people who go to work to their workplace as if they had been pistons, and waiting for the Monday.

《The boycott on the bus started》

The pastor got up early in the morning on Monday and looked out of the window with his wife from half past five in the morning. There was the bus stop in front of his house. He could look at the bus running on the road from the window of his house. It was around six in the morning when the first bus passed in front of his house.

How many did the black…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The boycott on the bus started》

How many did the black peoples join in the boycott?

The pastor was anxious. He though to himself 60% of the black peoples cooperate with him, it was a good job.

When drinking coffee, his wife who looked out of the window called him in a loud voice.

Come here fast, hey you!

The pastor rushed to the living room shaking the cup in coffee. When approaching the front window, his wife pointed to the bus coming slowly and said pleasantly.

Hey! The bus is empty!

He could hardly believe what he looked at, for the…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

…for the bus passing in front of his house took more passenger than any other lines of bus in Montgomery, especially the first bus was always filled with workers going to work, he knew it enough.

After fifteen minutes, the second bus came, but it was empty like the first one, and the third bus appeared, but it was also almost empty. It’s just that two of the Caucasians were in the bus.

《The people walked on and on》

The ones who shared a cab, the one who was given a ride on the car by its acquaintance, the one riding on a mule, the one who …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The people just kept walking》

…the one who used a horse-draw an carriage, and the one who walked on and on….

All the black people in the city joined in the boycott on the bus. Without demonstrating loudly nor breaking out any riots, keeping on taking action avoiding taking on the bus which discriminates based on its races.

In the beginning, both of the bus company and the authority in the city made light of it, they would take on the bus eventually if it rains.

But they started to upset gradually. The police warned the taxi companies…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The people just walked on and on》

The police warned the taxi companies which cooperated with the boycott and carrying passengers with the same fare as the bus, without collecting basic fee on the taxi, the taxi companies would be against the law.

So the taxi companies feared the pressure from the police and stopped cooperating with the boycott.

Instead of the taxis, the pastor and others called out for the ones who resonated with their movement to offer their cars, each of owners of three hundred cars cooperated to carry the black people.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

The Black Church prepared for vehicles, establishing the boarding point at the time when go to the work in the morning, the one at the time when returning from the job near the workplace, the people who offered their own cars took the people many times.

At some point a person who saw an old black woman walked with difficulty, so called her to get on a car, but she answered like the next.

I don’t walk for my own sake, but I do it for my children and my grandchildren.

《A bomb was thrown into the home of the pastor》

The police aimed at cars…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A bomb was thrown into the home of the pastor》

The police aimed at cars carrying the black people and started the harassment of ordering them to stop constantly. The pastor himself was arrested owing to the speeding.

The policemen in the south weren’t fair executors on the law. The policemen of the Caucasians alone were entrenched discrimination on the black people, being in the side suppressing the movement by the black people.

Various harassment against the pastor continued. A bomb was thrown into the home of.the pastor January in 1956.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A bomb was thrown into the house of the pastor》

Then the pastor was away from the home, but his wife and his young child and his acquaintance were at home, but the three of them were safe.

As being aware that the bomb was thrown into the home of the pastor, lots of angry black people gathered in front of his house. The policemen of the Caucasians were outnumbered, so the situation was beyond the control of the policemen then.

The pastor said the gathering crowd like the next.

If you have weapon, please bring back them to your home, and if…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

And if you don’t have weapon, please don’t try to have weapon, for we can’t solve this problem by getting back at someone by violence. We have to respond to non violence against the violence. Please remember the word of Jesus, Live by the sword, die by the sword.

The gathered crowd broke up in tears, so the riot didn’t break out then.

《The movement of non violence showed its strength》

His stance of practicing non violence not only captured the heart of all of the black people in the whole America but lots of the Caucasians after that.

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【America has fought against the violence】

《The movement of non violence showed its strength》

Martin Luther King was born in to the pastor’s family at Atlanta of Georgia which is known as the story of Gone with the wind in 1928. When currently studying at theological school in Pennsylvania, he knew the Nonviolent resistance by Mahatma Gandhi, and devoted himself to it. If resisting to the violence with the violence, a new violence is caused, so he was convinced he had to stand up to the violence with love then.

After graduated from graduate school in Boston, he arrived at his post of small…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

…he arrived at his post of the small black church in Montgomery as pastor and came across the bus boycott. He‘d put into practice his cherished opinion, the non violence, in this movement.

《And the day of the victory…》　

While the pastor and his friends went on the bus boycott, they sued to the court of the Federal that the racial segregation on the bus boycott in the Montgomery city was against the constitution .

On the other hand, the Montgomery city thought the carpool was illegal and sued so as to stop it to the court in the state.

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メイちゃん、こんばんは。

レスしてくれれば、レスがついたと言う事は当然分かるはずなんだけど、その痕跡が全く見えなかった。信じてくれないかもしれないけど。

今、スレが二つとも閉鎖されて、驚いてここからレスしてる。

年が明けてから暫くレスして来ないから、旦那さんと喧嘩でもしたのかな？とか思っていた。

気に触るも何も、メイちゃんがレスしてくれたと言うのは、たったいま知ったところなので、そのレスは見てない。レスがついたのも今に至るまで知らなかった。

メイちゃんは、何も悪くないと思う。でも、俺も….

言い訳とかではなくて、レスが来たという形跡がなかったら、返信もイイネもできない。でも、それを証明する方法が無い。

どうすりゃいいのかね？

英語のスレだから英語で、と思ったけど飲んだくれてるし、そんな場合でも無いしね…

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＞＞270

【America has fought against the discrimination】

And in the middle of the trial in the state November in 1956 the Supreme Court in the United States allowed the appeal from the pastor and asked to forbid the racial discrimination in the bus.

The boycott went on for a year, and it was the end of the victory in the side of the pastor. The scene that the Caucasians and the black people sitting side by side at the bus in the city of Montgomery learned to be seen from the next month.

《When the black students go to school, the military force in the federal took the field》

But it doesn’t…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《When the black students go to school…》

But it doesn’t always mean that the racism against the Black people was resolved in one fell swoop.

Contrary to it, the more the movement on the abolishment of racial discrimination against the Black people spread, the stronger its backlash became.

Before the boycott on the bus May in 1954, the Supreme Court in the United States delivered a sentence that teaching the Caucasians and the black people separately in public school was unequal. A black person tried to make his daughter change her school to…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《…the military force of the United States took the field》

A black person tried to make his daughter change her school to other which was for white only but it was refused in the state of Kansas, and he took to court, the court allowed his appeal then.

The judge asserted that being separated but being equal was impossible in the education, overturning the policy recognized by the Supreme Court in the United States. The Supreme Court learned to deliver the sentence not recognizing the racism against the Black people gradually from then.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《When the black students go to school…》

Accepting the policy like that, the Board of Education at the city of Little Rock in Arkansas allowed nine black people who were academically excellent to school for white only to enter school September in 1957.

It was the governor in the state of Arkansas who opposed against it then, declaring if allowing that kind of the coeducational of different races, he couldn’t maintain the peace and order in the area, and making two hundred and fifty National Guard take the field and surrounded school and stop…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《…the military force in the United States took the field》

…and stopped the black students from coming into school. Moreover lots of the Caucasians who knew it gathered and surrounded the black students who came to school and surrounded them and kicked them back.

The President Eisenhower was surprised at it and asked the governor to withdraw the National Guard, and the governor obeyed it, but he didn’t try to guard high school, so the Caucasians who were racists intruded high school, and high school fell into the commodity then.

The scene…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《When the black students go to school…》

The scene was reported not only in America alone but overseas. Eisenhower lost his temper and made the National Guard in Arkansas transfer to the military force in the government of the federal by the Executive order, prevented the governor from ordering the National Guard, and dispatched a thousand of regular military force in the government to Little Rock.

Nine school students were guarded by the military force who were heavily armed in the government and could go into school at last. It was the…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

It was the actual situation in America no more than fifty years ago, though the book written by the author was in 2012, so the time passed a little more.

《Sit-in the seat for the white only》

Each place in America, the movement asking for the abolishment on the racism started with the form of being encouraged by the pastor and others in Montgomery. One of the movement is sitting down and refusing to move in the lunch counter.

Four black students in university sat down in the lunch counter for the white only at the variety shop in the North…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Sit-in the seat for the white only》

Four black students in university sat down in the lunch counter for the white only at the variety shop of chain store in the North Caroline January in 1960 and ordered a coffee and doughnuts, but the order from the black students weren’t accepted, for the seat was for the white only, but the black students did it on purpose, and they went on sitting down there.

The store manager who refused the order and the black students who continued to order. As knowing it a large amount of the Caucasians rushed to ...

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Sit-in the seat for the white only》

As knowing it, a large amount of the Caucasians rushed to the general store and tried to stop the black students from sitting in, hitting at some of them, throwing the water at them, but the black students preserve the through and stuck their bellies which was the non violence. The movement spread each place in the South of America soon and the sit-down continued until April no less than eighty cities in America.

When the Caucasians attacked the black people who continued the sit-in, instead of touching…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

…instead of touching the Caucasians who attacked the black students, the police arrested the black students who were attacked. Their total number who were arrested reached some no less than two thousand.

The sit-in by the black students made lots of the seats for the white only close, the stores fell into the difficulty, and abolished the racism on the seat little by little. The movement on the non violence bore fruit steadily.

《Accusing the discrimination being on board in the long distance bus》

But there is an example that the movement on..

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Accusing the discrimination being board in the long distance bus》

But there is an example that the movement on the non violence caused a violent violence, what is called the freedom ride.

The long distance bus has been operated beyond the states, and the Supreme Court delivered a sentence that prohibiting the racism not only in the bus but in the facility of the bus terminal. Being on board the bus actually and confirming whether or not the law was followed. The movement was like that.

The activists were made up with six Caucasians and …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Accusing the discrimination being board in the long distance bus》

The activists were made up with six Caucasians and seven black people. They rode separately in two of buses of which company was different and headed from Washington which is the capital in America to New Orleans in Louisiana.

They informed then the President Kennedy, the Department of Justice, FBI and the bus companies of their behaviors before starting and asked for their protection in emergency, but there was no reply.

Whenever stopping at the bus terminal…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Accusing the discrimination being in board in the long distance bus》

Whenever stopping at the bus terminal, the activists of the Caucasians went into the facility for the black only and the activists of the black people went into the one for the white only. They repeated it.

Nothing happened as long as the bus ran at the north of America, but when going into South Caroline, the young Caucasians who waited in ambush at the bus terminal attacked at the black people and the police stood by and watched them.

When the bus got a flat tire at…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Accusing the discrimination by getting on the bus》

When the bus got a flat tire at Alabama and stopped May, the armed Caucasians attacked the bus and a petrol bomb was thrown into the bus. Passengers escapee from the bus by the skin of their teeth, but when being able to escape from the bus, they were attacked by the Caucasians. There was no sign that the police would arrive there.

As to the other bus company, when arriving Alabama, the armed Caucasians wait for them in ambush and all the passengers were showering with blows.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Accusing the discrimination by getting on the bus》

After the mob went away, the policemen arrived there from the police station nearby. When being asked the reason why the policemen were late for the place, the chief of the police staton said all of his subordinates were all out on account that the day was the Mother’s Day. The whole police was in the side of the racism against the Black people.

The scene was also reported in the world and then the President Kennedy who got flustered embarked on the protection of the activists at last, and …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

…and embarked on the protection of the activists, and made the FBI agents mobilize and cracked down on the white mob.

The reality of the actual discrimination didn’t vanish by the judgement from the Supreme Court alone, but it was revealed by the resistance of the non violence, and it has been resolved little by little.

《The whole world was surprised at the scene of suppressing the black people》

It was the chief of the police station in Alabama informed the people in the world of the actual situation on the discrimination.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The whole world was surprised at the scene of suppressing the black people》

The chief of the police station said the reason why the policemen were late for the place, it was the Mother’s Day. He was a notorious racist.

When the protest march in memory of the hundredth anniversary on the Emancipation Proclamation was done in the city of Birmingham, the chief of the police station set dogs on the demonstrators and arrested the participants in the demonstration one after another.

In the next day, making the fire department take the field and…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The whole world was shocked at the scene of suppressing the black people》

…and made the policemen release the water with high pressure hose at the demonstrators.
The children joined in the demonstration were blown away by the high pressure hose one after another and its scene was broadcast not only in America but in the whole world. Then the actual situation on the south of America which is the nation on the liberty revealed.

The demonstrators marched the city again the fifth day May, and lots of children joined in the demonstration as well.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The whole world was shocked at the scene of suppressing the black people》

The chief of the police station ordered the member of the fire brigade to release the water again, but the members of the fire brigade didn’t move at all while holding the hose, for even if the order from the chief in the police station, they couldn’t release the water at children of non violence who walked in front of them.

The policemen taking the police dogs together couldn’t move as well. They were shown off the power from the non violence. They King pastor rushed…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The whole world was shocked at the scene suppressing the black people》

The Reverend King rushed to the Birmingham city and joined in the demonstration and was arrested. To make matters worse, the hotel where he stayed was exploded by bomb and the violence was rampant then.

The President Kennedy dispatched three thousand of the military force of the federal and transferred the National Guard from Alabama to the military force in the federal the twelfth day May and started to smooth over things then at last.

The black children were …

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

The black children were suppressed by the police and its scene was reported widely to the world, as a result, America started to move toward the abolishment on the racism greatly after that.

『The birthday on the Reverend King becomes the national holiday』

The birthday on the Reverend King becomes the national holiday in the government of the federal in 1963, and after that each of states learned to allow the day as the national holiday. Except for his birthday, the national holiday attached to the personal name was added to was two alone.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

The one is Washington who is the founding father of the United States, and the other is Columbus who reached the American continent for the first time.

《I have a dream》

The people who were over two hundred thousand gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington which is the capital in America August in 1963. It was the commemoration on the hundredth anniversary of the emancipation of declaration. Not only lots of the black people but a lot of the Caucasians joined in the commemoration. The reverend King said like the next.

I have a…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《I have a dream》

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of the former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood…

I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by their color of skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.

The Reverend King has been appreciated on his efforts of non violence to the abolition of the racism and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, but…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

…but the activists on the abolition to the racism were killed, so the movement on the abolition of the racism continued the seesawing after that, and the Reverend King was also assassinated by a Caucasian at Memphis in Tennessee April in 1968.

《A single word from the teacher in high school…》

While the Reverend King made progress the resistance movement of non violence, there was the one more current on the movement by the black people, and its leader was Malcolm X. He criticized severely the Reverend King adopted the cooperation line with…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《A single word from the teacher in high school…》

He criticized severely that the Reverend King adopted the cooperation line with the Caucasians, saying the Caucasians are the devil, demanding the separation from the Caucasians and adopted the extreme course. There were two currents on the movement of the black people over the relation with the Caucasians.

The single word from the teacher in elementary school has made him go on that kind of course. He was always at the top class with regard to his school record in elementary school.

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The single word from the teacher in elementary school…》

The teacher asked him whether or not he thought of his job in the future at the eighth grade in elementary school which ie equivalent to the second grade in high school, and he answered wanting to be a lawyer, and the teacher said like the next.

Hey, Malcom, the first thing in our life which we need is being realistic. I don’t think I want you to misunderstand what I’m saying to you from now on. I know you see all of us here love you, but you must not forget the reality that you are a…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《The single word from the teacher in elementary school…》

…but you must not forget the reality that you are a black person. The lawyer isn’t the realistic goal for the black person. You need to think the one you will become. You are good with your hands and are good at making something, and everybody has admired your carpentry. What about thinking on being a carpenter? You will have various jobs.

Malcom X said in later years he understood the teacher said it from his good will. He tried not hurt him at all. He looked back on the remark from…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

He looked back on the remark from the teacher like that but it was certain he was hurt deeply with the single word. After waking up to the reality of the discrimination on the black people he learned to avoid the Caucasians and to be rebellious everything.

《Being awaken to reading a book in prison》

Malcom’s father was a pastor like the father of the Reverend King and was the activist who asked for the improvement on the position of the black people, and he was dead at a train accident when Malcom was six years old. Though the police regarded…

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【America has fought against the discrimination】

《Being awaken to reading a book in prison》

Though the police regarded it as just an accident, but Malcom thought he was killed by the Caucasians. As his father was dead, his family in which there were no less than eight children became so poor that he repeated a steal and was forced to be in the children’s self-reliance facility.

On the other hand, his mother was in hospital owing to reactive psychosis, so the family members broke up. He soon did drugs and formed the group of thieves and went on stealing but he was arrested at the age of 20….

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