Let’s enjoy English 20th

【The news on the society】

《Lots of the unexploded bombs become problematic》

…and the people came back without being worried about anything, but the unexploded bomb exploded and they were dead or injured. The accident has broke out one after another, especially when the military force at Israel in the Middle East attacked the armed group opposing to Israel at Lebanon next to Israel, they used the cluster bomb then.

After the war was over, lots of residents were dead because of the unexploded bomb, and the damage on children were also serious.

So the cluster bomb became the serious problem….

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【The news on the society】

《Lots of the cluster bombs become problematic》

So the cluster bomb became the serious problem as inhumane weapon, and a civilian group or a nation which called out to forbid to use the cluster bomb appeared.

But the weapon on the war is used for killing people, all the weapons are inhumane, so criticizing the cluster bomb alone is inhumane is something strange, but except for soldiers, the bomb killed the people indiscriminately, so it is said it’s inhumane.

In this point, the landline which is buried on the ground and explodes if stepping it on is also inhumane.

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【The news on the society】

《Lots of cluster bombs become problematic》

So the nations all over the world have made promise not to use the land mine, and likewise the talk not to use the cluster bomb among the nation in the world was done at Dublin in Ireland.

As a result, except for the latest one which is hard to appear the unexploded one, all the cluster bombs are forbidden to use. In response to this, Japan disposed of the cluster bomb which the Self Defense Force possessed.

But there is the problem on the ban treaty, for America, China and Russia have never taken part in the promise.

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【The news on the society】

Those three nations have produced the cluster bombs and possessed them a lot. As they wanted not to forbid their weapon, they didn’t join in the promise, so we need to work on those nations to take part in the promise.

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

There was the ship belonged to Japan doing research whaling in the Antarctic Ocean, and the ship belonged to the group which was opposed to the research whaling approached the ship doing research whaling, and interfered with the research whaling.

Why does Japan research whaling? And…

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

…and why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling? Because the way of thinking on the whale is different altogether.

The ship which was opposed to the research whaling approached the ship belonged to Japan doing the research whaling and threw the chemicals at the ship belonged to Japan.

The group which is opposed to the research whaling which Japan continued changed after the researching ship and interfered with the research. Doing the exciting act of intercepting and its image was …

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

…and the image war reported through the news, and contribution gathered from the people who supported the act of intercepting, so the act of intercepting learned to be done easily. There seems to be the aim like that.

What is the research whaling which Japan has carried out?

It is said the whale has decreased, so catching the whale actually and researching whether the whale decreased or not.

The government in Japan has asked the Institute of the Cetacean Research to investigate, and the whale has….

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

…and the whale has been caught in the Antarctic or in the North Atlantic Ocean.

We can’t understand the age on the whale when seeing the whale swim in the ocean alone, so catching it and measuring the size of its body and can understand the actual situation on the whale.

How much the earwax is built up. We can understand its age with the research of the earwax, but I don’t think the whale has the ear until now.

As a result, it turned out there has been lots of young minke whales in the Antarctic Sea

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

There are lots of the young whales means that the kind of whale starts to increase.

The whaling has been done actively in the world from long ago. The black ship came to Uraga in Japan at the end of era of Edo, for the whaling ship asked Japan to supply water and food for them in the port of Japan.

But as the way of catching the whale became modernized, the large amount of whales learned to be caught, and some of the whales were in danger of extinction.

So the international whale committee was…

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

So the international whale committee was formed in 1946 so as to prevent the whale from being extinct and Japan joined in it in 1951 as well.

After that the nation opposing to catch whale joined in one after another and it was decided to stop the commercial whaling for a while in 1982.

The commercial whaling is catching the whale so as to change the meat on the whale edible as business.

Though the commercial whaling has been stopped for a while, no one can understand whether or not the whal…

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

…no one can understand whether or not the whale decreased without catching and measuring it, so Japan has started the research whaling from 1987.

The meat on the whale caught by the research whaling is sold for edible, and its money is used for the research whaling, so we can eat the meat on the whale at present.

And Japan has been criticized Japan continued the commercial whaling under the name of the research whaling, doesn’t it?

The government in Japan has insisted that as the minke whale…

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【The news on the society】

《Why are there people who are opposed to the research whaling?》

The government in Japan has insisted that as the minke whale increased, so it should be all right if starting the commercial whaling again, but the whale commission has never allowed it.

There are some people who think the whale is a friend for the people and it has to be protected in the group opposing the whaling.

And there is the nation which adopts the whale watching as tourism industry and insists that the whale isn’t the thing for edible but watching.

On the other hand, we should make use of….

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【The news on the society】

On the other hand, we should make use of the whale as valuable food so as to prepare for the time when the food is insufficient in the world, the government in Japan has thought like that.

What about your thought?

《Though being innocent Japan, why was arrested in America?》

A Japanese woman was shot by gun and was dead at Los Angels in America in 1981. Her husband bought the insurance for her and killed her, the police in Japan thought like that and arrest her husband. It’s what’s called the suspicion on Los.

As the result of the trial, the innocence on the…

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【The news on the society】

《Thougyh being innocent in Japan, he was arrested in America. Why?》

As the result of the trial, the innocence on her husband was confirmed in Japan, but the police arrested her husband in America.

It was Kazuyoshi Miura who was the former president was arrested. The police on the Los Angels took the arrest warrant, and he was arrested at the Saipan Island.

Saipan is in each island of the North Mariana ones. It's called a self governing territory belonged to America, and America has protected there, but it's not within America. Was he able to move to America?

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【The news on the society】

《Though being innocent in Japan, he was arrested in America》

The court in Saipan should judge it, and its procedure started.

It was twenty seven years ago when the case broke out, though the book was written in 2008, so it was twenty seven years before it.

After the murder case happened and twenty five years passed, no one can charge with its crime in Japan then. We call it the statute of limitation 時効.

As the criminal has been racked with guilty for twenty five years, so it’s all right, or the police can’t investigate the case so long time ago. It used to be…

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【The news on the society】

It used to be thought like that in Japan in the past, though the law has been revised, and it’s different from the one in the past.

On the other hand, as to a serious crime, there has never been the statute of limitation in America. The law is different, according to the nation.

But if being overseas for twenty five years, then the statute of limitation stops. If committing a murder case and running away overseas, and after twenty five years passed when thinking it’s all right and returning to Japan, it is arrested sometimes.

《Which nation does research the case?》

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【The news on the society】

《Which nation does investigate the case?》

In the first place, the case happened at Los Angels in America, so the police at Los Angels started to investigate, but the former president Miura was injured and came back to Japan at once, so America couldn’t research on the case enough then.

On the other hand, if the case happened in Japan, the police in Japan investigates it, and it’s natural, but if a Japanese committed a crime overseas, the police in Japan can investigate it overseas as the crime committed outside Japan.

The Metropolitan police department thought…

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【The news on the society】

《Which nation does investigate the case?》

As the result of the investigation, the Metropolitan Police Department thought the former president Miura bought the insurance on his wife and asked the other to shoot her by gun and killed her and received the insurance benefit, and arrested him, so he was brought to court for the trial.

As the police in Japan investigated the case and arrested the former President Miura, the police on the Los Angels didn’t say the Metropolitan Police Department to deport him to America

Though he was guilty in the district court of Tokyo…

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【The news on the society】

《Which nation should investigate the case?》

…he was innocent in the high court and the Supreme Court also allowed it. It was over with it in Japan, but the police in Los Angels didn’t think it was over.

Even if whatever happened in the court of Japan, as the case broke out in America, America should take part in the investigation as well. America seemed to think like that.

But some people said like the next.

He was innocent in the trial of Japan, but America should try to investigate him again, so America made light of the trial in Japan.

And another thought…

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【The news on the society】

Another one thought as America arrested him then, there must have been a new evidence. What about the truth?

After being moved to the police in Los Angels, the former president Miura committed suicide in the house of detention.

What kind of evidence did the police in Los Angels have then? Without being informed to us, the investigation stopped. The truth is hidden in the shadow.

《Where does the rice come from the tainted rice?》

There is a problem on its safety, so we can’t eat it. It’s the tainted rice, but it was moved to the edible rice or the raw material…

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【The news on the society】

《Where did the rice come from the tainted rice?》

…but it was moved to the edible rice, the raw material on the sake, or the material on Japanese confectionery. It’s completely wrong, why was there the rice like that? Because Japan has the duty of importing the rice.

The existence on the tainted rice was exposed September in 2008, and there may have been lots of people who knew the word of the tainted rice for the first time then.

The pesticide which is more than standard value is left on the rice or mold grows, so we can’t eat. We call it the tainted rice.

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【The news on the society】

《Where did the rice come from the tainted rice?》

When investigated the rice imported from overseas, we found the pesticide which is forbidden in Japan on the rice or the mold grows on the rice because it was stored in the stock house for a long time after being imported.

As we can’t eat the rice like that, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sold it with low price as the raw material for the industrial glue.

As it was industrial, it should have been sold to dealers who specialized in it, but to a food supplier, and the food supplier sold it by….

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【The news on the society】

《Where did the tainted rice come from?》

…and the food supplier sold the tainted rice by false pretense to other shops here and there, for buying with low price and selling with normal price and making money with the difference.

To tell the truth, there had been lots of rice too much in Japan then, so Japan doesn’t have to import the rice any more.

As there had been lots of rice too much that paying money to farming houses so as to stop growing the rice. Why does Japan import the rice?

If the price on goods imported from overseas is low, the goods producing in…

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【The news on the society】

《Where did the tainted rice come from?》

…the goods producing in its country isn’t sold, so lots of nations forbid to import from overseas or to impose a high tariff on goods, making its price high, prevented the goods from being sold in its nations, but it prevents the trade from developing, and the people in the nation can buy the goods with high price alone.

So the nations have made progress on the talk so as that the trade is active and making the trade do at will, and the center of the movement is WTO, which is abbreviation of World Trade Organization.

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【The news on the society】

《Where did the tainted rice come from?》

WTO used to be called GATT before, and Japan had a duty of importing the rice from overseas in 1993 at the time of the GATT, but Japan used to forbid to import the rice from overseas, thinking if the rice with low price was imported from overseas, the rice in Japan wouldn’t be sold very well in Japan, and the farming houses were in difficult.

But other nations in the world criticized the attitude on Japan, so the government in Japan allowed to import the rice reluctantly, but imposing a high tariff on the rice from overseas…

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【The news on the society】

…but imposing a high tariff on the rice from overseas and when selling in Japan, its price was nine times as high as the original price, so Japan was punished by the GATT because Japan tried not to join in the free trade, being forced to import seven hundred seventy thousand tons of the rice which was equal to 10 % consumed in Japan a year every year, so Japan is forced to import the rice from other nations like China, Australia, and America.

Though being lots of the rice enough too much, importing it from other nation. It’s something strange.

《Aegis warship…》

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

あたご which is the Aegis warship belonged to the Maritime Defense Force collided against the fishing boat at off the coast of Boso February in 2008, and the son and the father in the fishing boat were missing.

The Aegis warship has high efficiency of launching missile far away, but couldn’t avoid the fishing boat nearby.

It was around four in the morning February when the accident broke out, and the fishing boat was going to the fishing ground off Hachijo Island with other ships.

The job on the fishery is done…

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

The job on the fishery is often done early in the morning, so the fishing boat set off from the fishing harbor before the dawn when it was dark, and at the time when the accident happened, it was pitch black on the accident scene.

The Aegis warship made an experiment on launching missile off Hawai previous month and was on the way to return to the base on the Maritime Defense Force in Yokosuka.

It’s the job on the Japan Coast Guard which investigates the accident occurring on the sea. It’s the police on the...

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

It’s the police on the sea, so the Japan Coast Guard researched the cause on the accident.

The Self Defense Force is an organization which defends Japan from the attack by the military force in foreign countries or terrorists, but far from defending the people in Japan, it caused the accident of colliding against the fishing boat, so it was natural for it being criticized.

The ship caused the accident belonged to the Maritime Defense Force is called Aegis warship. It originates from the Greek myth. Zeus of…

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

Zeus of God gave the shield to his daughter, and it is said the shield has the power defending from all of the attack, and its name was adopted to the five warships on the Maritime Defense Force.

あたご is the name of the mountain in Japan and other names on the mountain are used for other four ships.

The Aegis warship was developed in America, and has the ability of researching the wide range of hundreds kilometers with the radar, and of investigating whether an enemy plane flies or not, or whether the missile…

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

…or whether or not a missile comes flying from the enemy country.

In case that a missile comes flying, the high efficient computer on the warship responds automatically and can shoot down 10 missiles at the same time.

As having the ability like that, if being with the Aegis warships, even if the missile comes flying to other ship nearby, the Aegis warships can shoot down them as well.

In short, it plays a role as shield defending the whole ships together, it has the nickname like that.

Ships in the naval…

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【The news on the society】

《The Aegis warship collided against the fishing boat》

Ships belonged to the naval force in America and Pakistan have been active on the Indian Ocean so as to watch a ship which tries to bring weapons to Afghanistan and other ship which tries to bring the drug from Afghanistan, and Japan Maritime Defense Force is active so as to supply fuel to the ship of Pakistan or American. There is the possibility that the supply vessel is attacked, so the Aegis warship is nearby.

In addition, the Aegis warship has been in the Japan Sea as well, in case that the missile is …

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【The news on the society】

…and in case that the missile launches from North Korea to Japan, the other missile is launched from the Aegis warship and the enemy missiles will be shot down. The Aegis warship has the duty like that.

But even if having the high efficiency, it’s the job on a person on the ship to watch so as not to collide against other ships. If being unable to avoid colliding against other ships, what is for the ship? It is natural to be criticized like that.

《Financial resources that are exclusively set aside for road 道路特定財源 and temporary duty rate 暫定税率. What are they?》

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【The news on the society】

《What is the financial resources that are set aside for road and…》

The most part on the price on the gasoline which is consumed in Japan is the tax, but the tax is decided to use for constructing the road, it is criticized that even useless roads are constructed, so the argument that it’s all right if decreasing the tax on the gasoline occurred.

The consumption tax is always paid when going shopping is done, the income tax which the people who work pay, almost all of the tax is paid for the nation and is used for various aims like the cost on constructing …

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【The news on the society】

《Financial resources that are set aside for road and…》

…like the cost on constructing elementary school and textbooks.

It doesn’t always mean that the way of using money is decided from the first time, and we call it general financiers.

On the other hand, the gasoline tax and the imposing tax because having a car is used for constructing and repairing roads. It has been decided from the first time. The tax of which way of using the money is decided from the first time. We call it the specific revenue sources.

《It’s an idea when there weren’t enough roads》

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【The news on the society】

《It’s an idea at the time when there were few roads》

Japan used to have few roads long ago, and even if there is the road, it wasn’t paved almost all of them, and was very useless for us, for as the whole Japan was poor and didn’t have enough money to construct roads.

So there is an idea of making the people who uses the road bear the cost on the road, and the financial resources that are exclusively set aside for road was born in 1954.

The gasoline is indispensable to drive a car, and the tax on the gasoline was decided 24.3yen yen per a liter. It’s expressed…

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【The news on the society】

《It’s the idea at the time when there were few roads》

It’s expressed 揮発油税 in Japanese, it’s the gasoline tax, and the local road tax was imposed so as to increase the tax revenue in the local areas. It was 4.4yen per a liter, and adding two of them and we call it the gasoline tax as well.

Furthermore, when buying a car, paying the tax to the local area, and as having the car, the other tax is paid for the nation.

The construction on road has been made progress in the whole Japan with the money like that, and after that the tax has been gone up so as to quicken…

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【The news on the society】

《It’s the idea at the time when there were few roads》

…and after that the gasoline tax went up temporarily so as to quicken the speed of constructing roads in 1974. The 揮発油税 was double, and the local road tax became one point two times. 25.1 yen went up in total.

It was done so as to quicken to construct roads, so after things on constructing roads settled down at work, it was planed to return to the original tax, so the phrase of temporary was used.

But the law so as to go up the tax rate temporarily was postponed over and over again, and it expired at the end ….

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【The news on the society】

《it’s the idea at the time when there were few roads》

It expired at the end of March in 2008, and the temporary tax rate was stopped for a while, and the gasoline tax dropped for no more than a month alone, but after that the gasoline tax was approved of in the National Assembly.

Without being the temporary tax rate, the financial resources that are exclusively set aside for roads decreases, so some people who think of wanting to construct more roads insisted on not dropping the temporary tax rate.

Oh! It seems to make a mistake again. The law so as to drop

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【The news on the society】

《It’s the idea at the time when thee were few roads》

The law so as to drop the tax rate temporarily is the special provisions for taxations on Income and it expired at the end of March in 2008.Some people who thought of wanting to construct more roads. The law so as to rise up the tax rate is the special provisions for taxations on income, so some people who thought of wanting to construct more roads insisted on forming the special provisions for the taxations on income and not dropping the temporary tax rate.

I’m sorry for disturbing you with my mistake.

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【The news on the society】

《It’s the idea at the time when there were few roads》

On the other hand, there were other people who insisted like the next.

Though it was said temporary, it continued for no less than thirty four years, so it’s in the wrong. If stopping the temporary tax rate, the price on the gasoline drops, so it’s good for users, and insisted that the special provisions for taxations on income wasn’t necessary.

And other people who think like the next.

As Japan is in difficulty because having not enough money, roads alone are constructed due to the special resources that…

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【The news on the society】

…roads alone are constructed due to the special resources that are exclusive set aside for road, it’s in the wrong, and they insisted on giving it up and changing it into the general account budget.

As a result, the previous Prime Minister Fukuda decided to change it into the general account budget from 2009.

《What is the early earthquake warning?》

The earthquake broke out inland of Miyagi prefecture June in 2008, and caused the landslide and there were lots of victims. The earthquake itself is regrettable, but the Meteorological Agency issued the early…

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【What is the news on the society?】

《What is the early earthquake warning?》

...but the Meteorological Agency issued the early earthquake warning this time, so the people who are in a place far away can know the early warning before the earthquake occurred. What kind of mechanism is it?

No one can know when or where the earthquake occurs, so seismologists have researched for a long time, they wish they could know the place where, the time when and how much is the seismic intensity on the earthquake before it breaks out.

As to the earthquake in the Tokai area alone, they may have seen.

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【The news on the society】

《What is the early earthquake warning？》

The great earthquake in the Tokai area may have known before it breaks out, the research makes progress like that at present, but except for it, we can't foretell anything at all.

So if someone says the earthquake will break out, declaring the day when it occurs exactly, it's a lie, we should know it, for it's impossible in the science at present.

So the Meteorological Agency puts effort into the early warning immediate after the earthquake occurred until it can learn to foretell the earthquake, and it's the early ...

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【The news on the society】

《What’s the early earthquake warning?》

…and it’s the early earthquake warning.

《Two kinds of seismic wave occurs in the earthquake》

So the Meteorological Agency pays attention to the attribute that two kinds of seismic wave occurs in the earthquake.

When a big earthquake occurred, it shook up and down in a small scale at first, and did side to side in a big scale after that. There are two kinds of shake on the earthquake. We call the first little shake the P wave, and the second big one the S wave.

P is the initial on the prime, and s is the one on the second.

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【The news on the society】

《Two kinds of seismic wave occurred in the earthquake》

In short, it’s just that calling the first shake the first wave, and the second one the second wave.

P wave shakes up and down and it’s small, but it reaches us quickly, on the other hand, S wave does side to side and it’s big, but it reaches slowly. S wave is slower than P wave.

The Meteorological Agency has thought of making use of the difference between the P and S wave setting up a seismograph each place in the whole nation.

When the earthquake breaks out, and the seismograph detects the first P wave…

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【The news on the society】

《Two kinds of seismic wave occurs in the earthquake》

…the Meteorological Agency issues the earthquake will occur, and informs all of us through TV and radio.

As the electric wave reaches faster than the S wave, the people who live in far away can know the big earthquake occurs before the S wave which is big shake reaches. Even if being able to know it before a few seconds, reducing the damage, doesn’t it?

The early warning is issued after the earthquake occurred, so the people who live near the epicenter won’t be in time, for it’s not a prediction, but we can…

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【The news on the society】

《Two kinds of seismic wave occurs in the earthquake》

The municipal subway at Sendai city in Miyagi prefecture which is far away no less than one thousand five hundred kilometers caught the early warning in the earthquake of Inland of Miyagi, and the brake was applied to the running train in five seconds before the big shake occurred.

Lots of people may have thought it’s just five seconds, but even if it’s five seconds, it can slow down so much. A train running with high speed is weak against the shake, but it runs slowly, we can defend its damage.

How and where …

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【The news on the society】

How and where should we make use of the early warning? Its research will make progress more and more, the measures we can carry out before the earthquake, and the other ones we can do after the earthquake, there have been the various ones we can do.

《Academic ability on children in Japan have dropped?》

Each nation in Europe and Japan have joined in the OECD which is abbreviation of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the OECD carried out the investigation on the academic ability for children whose age was fifteen in fifty nations and areas.

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【The news on the society】

《The academic ability on children in Japan have dropped?》

And the rank on Japan in the world dropped. The academic ability on children dropped, so Japan was in an uproar, but does it drop actually?

The OECD which carried out the investigation is the group of developed nations, and it is sometimes called the club on the developed nations.

The economy has developed in China and India so much that the developed nations may have been overtaken by them, the developed nations were worried about it so much that they thought of what kind of the academic ability is….

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【The news on the society】

《The academic ability on children has dropped in Japan?》

…that they thought of what kind of the academic ability is necessary in the future, and tried to measure its ability, so the investigation has started. It has been carried out once every three year from 2000. The result on the investigation was summarized summer in 2006 and was announced December in 2007.

The investigation was done both boys and girls whose age were fifteen. The new semester begins from September in lots of nations overseas, and children who are equal to the third grade in junior high …

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