Science,English, and math 9th

【Medical science】

《Mechanism in which stress gets worse cancer》

But since there is a problem on side effect, a new treatment on the cancer has been expected. There is a possibility that new treatment controls the sympathetic nerve from the result on the research this time.

【Physical science】

《Super minimum flying robot from the idea on an insect》

Flapping four wings, small robot as if it flew like an insect has been developed.

A flying robot which is mimicked an insect has been developed actively so far, but there is a problem. When its size becomes small, efficiency on propulsion is low

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【Physical science】

《Super flying minimum robot from the idea on an insect》

The efficiency on propulsion is ration that used energy is changed into propulsion.

As a result, connecting the robot with outside power source, making the size and weight on the robot small, but researchers in America have succeeded in developing robot of which size is an insect and doesn’t need the outside power source for the first time in the world. It’s named robo bee x wing.

Its width on the wing is no more than 3.5 centimeters, and weight is only 259 gram. Getting energy from the super light solar battery…

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【Physical science】

《Super flying minimum robot from the idea on an insect》

…and flapping four wings. When flying its time was less than one second, but the efficiency on propulsion exceeds actual insects. According to researchers, the flying robot can afford to load a bigger solar battery.

The robot of which type is the insect will be made use of monitoring environment or disaster in the near future, the researchers said like that.

【Physical science】

《Mysterious insulator has been discovered》

It seems that there is mysterious particles which conveys heat in material called イッテルビウム12ホウ化物

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【Physical science】

《Mysterious insulator has been discovered》

A thing which conveys heat is called conductor, and other which doesn’t so much is insulator, and another which is in the middle between conductor and insulator is called semi conductor.

There is conductor electron in the conductor which conveys the electricity, and it conveys electricity and heat effectively. On the other hand, there are few conductor electron in the insulator, so both of the heat and electricity are hard to convey.

Researchers paid attention to the insulator called イッテルビウム12ホウ化物, YbB12.

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【Physical science】

《Mysterious insulator has been discovered》

The researchers researched a change on thermal conductivity when changing temperature. The thermal conductivity is how much the heat is conveyed easily.

When the temperature was minus 273 degrees, it turns out that YbB12 has high thermal conductivity, though it’s the insulator which is hard to convey the heat.

As a result, there is neutral particle electrically which is different from the conductivity electron, and there is possibility that the neutral particle conveys the heat. If making the nature or origin on the…

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【Physical science】

《Mysterious insulator has been discovered》

If making the nature or origin on the mysterious particle clear, a new material may have been made, the researchers said like that.

【Meteorology】

《Relation between unusual temperature on the surface of the sea water and strong typhoon》

Even if a strong typhoon is caused, it doesn’t always mean that a strong typhoon increases.

Prediction on a strong typhoon is important so as to protect people’s life. The temperature on the surface of the sea water became high off the coast of Peru in 1997 and 2015.

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【Meteorology】

《Relation between unusual temperature on the surface of the sea water and a strong typhoon》

We call the phenomenon super El Niño and the stronger typhoon was caused more frequently than in the past then, so the relation between the strong typhoon and El Niño has been paid attention.

As to the distribution on the temperature of the surface of the sea water, the researchers simulated under various weather conditions and verified how much the number of incident of the strong typhoon changed.

In consequence, even if the temperature on the surface of the sea water was the same…

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【Meteorology】

《Relation between unusual temperature on the surface of sea water and a strong typhoon》

…it turns out that the number of the typhoon changed greatly according to the weather condition.

On the other hand, it proved that the low pressure around the equator caused to change the atmospheric condition and the place where the typhoon occurred and the course it moved influenced over the number of the strong typhoon.

Though a direct relation between the strong typhoon and the super El Niño has never been discovered from the research this time, but it has been clear that other…

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…but it’s clear that other factor is related to the strong typhoon.

【Astronomy】

《Having caught the moment when the cluster of galaxies collided》

Cluster of galaxies which the galaxy gathers. It has been thought that small galaxies collided and united with each other and changed into the big one. It takes a long time from the start on the collision and union on the galaxies to the end.

Therefore, it has been thought that watching various stage on each of cluster of galaxies which collide and unite will lead to know its whole picture.

But the cluster of galaxies which were…

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【Astronomy】

《Having caught the moment when the cluster of galaxies collided》

But the cluster of galaxies which were discovered in the past were the ones of which progress advanced too much, so the observation on the cluster of galaxies in detail was never done after immediate collision so far.

But researchers discovered a sign which showed two of the cluster of galaxies started to collide just then. When the two of cluster of galaxies collide, it was expected strong shock wave caused in the vertical direction against the collision in the simulation.

When colliding, a large amount of …

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【Astronomy】

《Having caught the moment when the cluster of galaxies collided》

A large amount of energy is released by the collision on the cluster of galaxies, and it has been thought the energy has influence on the large scale of structure of the universe which is by far bigger than the cluster of galaxies.

It has been expected that the result on the observation will contribute to understand the history that the large scale of the universe was formed.

【Medical science】

《Immune cell which urges fatness》

It has been clear that natural lymphocyte cell is related to the progress on fatness.

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【Meteorology】

《Immune cell which urges to be fatness》

It is well known that not only meal, life style habits but immune system which protects our body from pathogen are related to the progress on being fatness.

The lymphocyte cell which plays a leading role in the immune system is T cell and B cell which react against a specific virus and natural lymphocyte which doesn’t any specific object. Which of the lymphocyte is related to the progress on being fatness? It was never clear in the past.

But the researchers have discovered it’s the natural lymphocytes which is related to be fatness.

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【Medical science】

《Immune cell which urges to be fatness》

There are mouses which can make the natural lymphocyte alone, and when making them eat meal which includes lots of fat, they became fat.

On the other hand, there are other mouses which can’t make the natural lymphocyte, and making them eat the same meal which include lots of fat, but they didn’t become fat.

Researching in detail, lLC2 and ILC3 among the natural lymphocyte urge to be fatness. If understanding concrete mechanism that the lymphocyte urges to be fatness, it may have led to development on treatment which improves fatness

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【Science on planets】

《Death on a small celestial body 天体》

Numberless celestial bodies collided and united each other some four billion six hundred million years ago, the planets on the solar system formed then. As to the mineral which was formed by the collision on the celestial body, its structure on crystal deforms or there is a subtle crack on it.

Researching the nature on the mineral, we can presume the time when the collision on the small celestial body was over.

A group of researchers at university in Canada paid attention to the meteorite which fell to the earth from the Mars.

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【Science on planets】

《Death on a celestial body》

The researchers selected 121 mineral from the meteorite from the Mars. The mineral has been thought they formed from four billion four hundred eighty million years to four billion four hundred thirty million years ago and were analyzed all of them.

As a result, the one which has the nature on the collision by the small celestial body were no more than three. It means that it suggests the collision by the small celestial body was almost over until four billion forty hundred eighty million years ago.

After the collision by the small celestial…

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【Science on planets】

《Death on a celestial body》

After the collision by a celestial body was over, the Mars which used to be high temperature was cooled slowly, and it has been estimated the planet was comfortable surroundings to a life in relation to the temperature during some seven hundred million years from four billion two hundred million years to three billion five hundred million years ago.

It may be that creature was born in the Mars then and its trace may have been left there at present, specialist said like that.

【Astronomy】

《Measuring the size on the Milky Way》

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【Astronomy】

《Measuring the size on the Milky Way》

We can see the end on galaxy of the Milky Way by observation with the Subaru telescope.

The earth belongs to the galaxy of the Milky Way, which is the shape of a disc in which stars gather and the whole diameter is hundred thousand of light year and the halo which surrounds the shape of the disc.

It turns out that the halo is made of thin gas, and it’s by far bigger than the disc, but it was unclear how much it spread.

Using the data on the Subaru telescope, the group on the Tohoku university researched the distribution on the stars in…

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【Astronomy】

《Measuring the size on the Milky Way》

…the group on the Tohoku university researched the distribution on the stars in the halo of the Milky Way. It’s called 青色水平分枝星.

It is well known that the type of the stars are easily estimated the distance from the earth. As a result of the research, it proves that a place which is a half million light years away from the center of the Milky Way, the number on the 青色水平分枝星 decrease extremely.

It seems it is highly possible that the place is the end of the galaxy on the Milky Way. The research has never been done so farther on the…

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【Astronomy】

《Measuring the size on the Milky Way》

The research has never been done so farther on the distribution of the galaxy of the Milky w
Way like that in the past, in addition, the observation has been under way at present, and the outcome this time is an interim report, so it’s expected more precise data from now on.

【Biology】

《A male which doesn’t walk leaves offsprings easily?》

When researching an insect, it turns out that the distance on the walk is related to fertility potential.

An ability seeking for bite and the one which breeds with and moves for both of them is important.

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【Biology】

《A male which doesn’t walk leaves offspring easily》

The ability is important for creatures. In general, the more the probability in which the one comes across the other sex, the more advantageous to breeding is.

The group of researchers study an insect, コクﾇｽﾄﾓﾄﾞｷ which is a pest and causes a damage to grains. Dividing its male into the one which walks well and the other which doesn’t very much and repeating breeding through twenty two generations.

In the generation of its offspring, the ones which walk do eight times more than the ones which don’t.

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【Biology】

《A male which doesn’t walk leaves offspring easily?》

Moreover, as to the male which doesn’t walk well, its leg becomes long, and the time on mating with a female becomes long. The female on the コクヌストモドキ mates with some males, so making the female mate with both of the male, the one which walks well and the other which doesn’t.

After mating, when researching the egg on the female, it turns out that the semen on the male which doesn’t walk well is used for fertilization. In short, it seems that the semen on the male which doesn’t walk has advantageous nature for the fertilization.

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The researchers said they need to research the relation between the length on the leg and the fertilization from now on.

【Medical science】

《When being short of essential amino acid, the bone is weak?》

The bone is always changed and made so as to maintain its strength. The cell of 破骨細胞 absorbs the old bone, and the other cell of 骨芽細胞 makes a new bone, and compensates the old bone, so its strength is maintained.

There is protein called LAT1 on the surface of the 破骨細胞 and 骨芽細胞, and it is well known that the protein takes the essential amino, so the strength on the bone is maintained

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【Medical science】

《When being short of essential amino acid, the bone is weak?》

But how is taking the amino acid by the破骨細胞 and 骨芽細胞 related to maintaining the strength on the bone? It was unclear concretely in the past.

The group of researchers prevented the 破骨細胞 on the mouse from making the protein of LAT1. Then both of the size and number on the 破骨細胞 increase and activate, so the bone decreased and became weak.

Taking the amino acid well in a meal, and it may be evidence of maintaining healthy bone, the group of researchers have said like that.

【Anthropology】

《It seems that the…》

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【Anthropology】

《It seems that the population decreased extremely at the end of the Jomon period》

It has been thought that the modern Japanese are mix blood between the people in the main island of Japan from fourteen thousand five hundred years to two thousand and three hundred years ago and the other people who came from the continent from two thousand and three hundred years to one thousand and seven hundred years ago.

Judging from the number or the size on the remains discovered in the past, the people in the Jomon period decreased extremely at the end of Jomon period.

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【Anthropology】

《It seems that the population decreased extremely at the end of the Jomon period》

After that the people in Yayoi period arrived, so the population increased rapidly then. It has been thought like that, but the place where the research on the remains is imbalanced, and it’s unclear whether there were few remains or it’s just that it wasn’t discovered, so it is said the presumption on the population is hard.

The researcher analyzed the DNA on the some 300 of male, and compared them with the DNA on Asian people who are thought to be origin on the people in the Yayoi period.

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【Anthropology】

《It seems that the population decreased extremely at the end of the Jomon period》

As a result, the researchers succeeded in specifying the chromosome originating from the people in the Yayoi period. Furthermore, analyzing the gene on the chromosome, and it proved that the people in the Jomon era decreased rapidly at the end of the period.

It has been thought that the cooling in global size prevented them from getting food. It seems that after that the people in Yayoi period brought the rice farming, so the food was supplied steadily, and the population increased again then.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《Micro plastic will be more than the fish in the sea in 2050?》

The pollution on the sea by the waste of plastic is a problem all over the world, especially the one which is considered to be problematic is small plastic. It is called micro plastic.

Why is the micro plastic problematic? How should we deal with the problem?

It was August in 2015 when a shocking image was reported. Researchers discovered a sea turtle of which nose was stuffed with something off Costa Rica.

When making sure of it, the one which was stuffed was a straw made of plastic.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《Plastic will be more than the fish on the sea in 2050?》

A painful image of removing the straw from the bleeding sea turtle was reported and was caused to be paid attention to the problem on the waste of the plastic on the ocean from the society, in particular, the one which appears on agenda recently in the National Assembly is the micro plastic which is little grain of the plastic.

The micro plastic is so little that various creature eats it easily by mistake, in addition, it’s different from big waste, so it’s hard to collect from the sea.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《The plastic will be more than the fish on the sea in 2050?》

To make matters worse, the micro plastic has been carried away to various places with the ocean current. In fact, it has been discovered from the body of creature which inhabits varied place like seabird, shellfish, and the fish in the deep sea.

The photo is on the micro plastic. The side on the square where there is the micro plastic is no more than five millimeters. Almost all of the micro plastic is smaller than the square. The one which is pointed may hurt the stomach on the creature.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

It is said there is no place where there is no micro plastic in the sea at present, so the micro plastic is problematic.

《Waste near to us becomes the micro plastic》

In general, the micro plastic is the one of which diameter is under 5 millimeters. How is such the little micro plastic caused?

One of them is the waste of plastic like a plastic bag which we usually use in every day life is smashed to pieces on the sea. Plastic deteriorates with the violet ray and heat and becomes fragile.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《Waste near to us becomes the micro plastic》

After that being caught by waves and being shattered to pieces, then being micro plastic, it has been thought like that. Moreover there are other things which are the micro plastic.

Micro beads which are included in tooth paste and in facial cleanser as abrasive compound, and a round resin pellet which is caused in the process when making plastic from petroleum. Two of them are also the micro plastic.

Lots of the micro beads are removed by sewage disposal, but there is the one which can’t be got rid of.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

The one which wasn’t removed has reached the sea. In addition, the resin pellet seems to be outflowed from factories by mistake.

《The plastic sticks to harmful substance》

One of problem which is caused by the plastic on the sea is the sea creature swallows it. Its digestive organs are stuffed with the plastic bag, and its stomach is caused indigestion by the plastic, the problem by eating the plastic isn’t limited to them.

According to specialists, the one which is paid attention recently is a harmful substance to which the plastic sticks.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《The plastic sticks to harmful substance》

The sea water includes harmful substance like PCB ポリ塩化ビフェニエル, and DDT, what is called persistent organic pollutant, though their density are low in the sea water and there is no problem, but the persistent organic pollutant has nature being absorbed in the plastic, so lots of them are sometimes absorbed in the plastic which floated on the sea, and its density becomes high.

If comparing its density with the one which isn’t absorbed in the plastic, the one which sticks to the plastic is sometime millionth time.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《The plastic absorbs harmful substance》

Except for the persistent organic pollutant, additives which is included the plastic itself is occasionally harmful to the creature, and lots of people are concerned that the creature eats the harmful substance and are influenced by the harmful substance, but the influence by the micro plastic isn’t visible, so most of actual influence in the sea is unknown.

《The plastic which goes on increase everywhere》

How much does the problem on the micro plastic expand from now on?

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《The plastic which goes on increasing everywhere》

A specialist who is engaged in measuring the amount of the plastic said there is a thesis the weight on the plastic which floats in the sea will be heavier than the weight on the fish in 2050.

Furthermore, his group on researchers went to sea actually and measuring the amount of the plastic in the Pacific Ocean. When simulating from its result, the amount of waste on the plastic becomes double in 2030, and being four times in 2060.

The influence by the micro plastic doesn’t remain on the ocean alone.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《The plastic which continues to increase everywhere》

The micro plastic was blown away from the sea and was found in the mountain, or was done in the mineral water which was sold on the market. To make matters worse, there is a report of being discovered from the excrement from a person.

《Let’s decrease the micro plastic with the way of thinking every day》

Once going into the sea, it is hard to collect the micro plastic, so it is the most important to decrease the amount of the plastic which we make use of, a specialist says like that.

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【Micro plastic which pollutes the ocean】

《Let’s decrease the plastic with the way of thinking every day》

Japan has adopted the way of thermal recycle which burns the plastic, but it makes the other environmental problem like the global warming accelerate, so there has a movement it isn’t recognized as recycle overseas.

As a result, decreasing the amount of the plastic of which we take advantage, or when being big, dealing with it enough is important, the specialist said like that.

While the plastic is useful, it is the fact that it threatens the environment on the earth.

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Making effort of decreasing the waste from a place which is familiar with us is important, the specialist said like that.

【Looking for the trace on creature with the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn!】

《The dragonfly which is the name of probe like the drone will be launched by NASA》

Making the probe like the drone which has rotating wings fly the surface on the celestial body more than a hundred kilometers and land on various places, looking for the trace linked to the creature.

The dragonfly which is the mission on the probe as if it were SF is chosen by the Nasa.

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【Looking for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The dragonfly which is a new probe like the drone would be launched》

I’ve expressed, being based on a magazine, Newton which was published around August in 2019, so the probe has already started, I’m wondering.

The target on the celestial body is the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn which has dense air and ocean of which diameter is by far bigger than the Mercury.

Titan is the satellite on the Saturn which moves around the the Saturn with the period of some 16 days.

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【Looking for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The dragonfly which is a new probe like a drone will be launched by the NASA》

The period on the rotation on the Titan is also some 16 days. Its diameter is some 5150 kilometers. The diameter on the Mercury is some 4879 kilometers, so the satellite is bigger than the Mercury. It’s the second largest satellite after Ganymede which is the satellite on Jupiter in the solar system.

《The satellite which has dense air and the sea of liquid》

One of the features on the Titan is having dense air.

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【Looking for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The satellite which has dense air and the sea of liquid》

The air pressure on the surface on the Titan is 1.5, and it’s not different from the earth so much. Except for the Titan, the one which is the celestial body made from the solid body has the dense air is the Earth and the Venus in the solar system.

The component in the air is mainly made up with nitrogen. 95% is the nitrogen, and other one is methane and hydrogen.

One more feature is there is the sea of liquid on the surface on the celestial body.

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【Looking for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The satellite which has dense air and sea of liquid》

Lots of seas and lakes have been discovered by Cassini which is the probe launched by the NASA. It observed the Saturn for 13 years from 2004.

The Kraken Sea which is the biggest sea in the Titan is bigger than the Caspian Sea which is the biggest lake in Japan. Its area is some four hundred thousand square kilometer, and its depth reaches some 160 meters.

Huygens which is also the probe separated from the Cassini landed on the Titan 2005.

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The satellite which has dense air and the sea of liquid》

Huygens took a photo a scene like the shore along a river on the earth where the mass of round ice which had a flow.

The celestial body which has the liquid on the surface is the earth and the Titan alone in the solar system, but the liquid which is filled with the sea on the Titan isn’t water but methane mainly.

The methane is familiar with us as main component for the natural gas. The liquid of methane forms the sea in the Titan.

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn!】

《The satellite which has the sea of liquid》

And the methane evaporates and forms cloud, changing into rain, and the pours over the earth. It circulates like the water on the earth. The temperature on the surface of the Titan is some minus 180 degrees.

《Look for the liquid first of all, and organic matter is the next!》

The environment on the Titan is suitable for creature to exist actually, a specialist says like that.

There are three indispensable elements for a creature to be born in the celestial body.

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn!】

《Look for the liquid at first, in the next is an organic matter!》

Liquid, organic matter and the source for energy. All of the three exist in the Titan, the specialist says like that.

The environment in which chemical reaction is caused by simple connection by molecules is necessary so as to be born the complicated molecules of organic matter which is the material for the creature. The one which is the most suitable is inside the liquid.

If being inside the air, the molecules on the material for the life…

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn!】

《Look for the liquid in the first place, and the next is an organic matter!》

The molecule on the material for the life spreads inside the air at once, and if being inside the solid body, the molecule on the material for the life can’t move as its own.

The liquid in which the molecule is melted and moves at will is the most suitable on the cradle for the creature. In short, in the probe which looks for the trace on the creature outside the earth, the strategy of looking for the liquid the first and the…

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn!】

《Look for liquid the first and the second is an organic matter!》

…the strategy of looking for the liquid the first and the second is organic matter is adopted. The mission on probe the Mars was done in 1990s, and the strategy was also done then.

The dragonfly which is planed to be launched in 2026 adopts the strategy as well.

Oh! I made a mistake. I thought the magazine was published a few years ago, so the launch finished already, but it didn’t. I’m sorry for it.

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【Look for the trace on creature on the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

Cassini and Huygens discovered the sea of liquid, so trying to discover evidence of complicated organic matter made by chemical reaction this time.

《The probe which flies around the surface on the Titan》

The probe on the celestial body has been done three times in the past. The first is the Pluto, the second the Jupiter, the third is an asteroid, and the dragonfly is the fourth.

The biggest feature on the dragonfly is the drone which can fly in the air on the Titan and take off and arrive there as they like.

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The probe which flies around the surface on the Titan》

The density on the air in the Titan is fourth times as dense as the earth, and the gravitation is the seventh on the earth, so the electric power for flying is the fortieth. When making it move for the research, the drone is perfect.

In the plan, the body on the dragonfly is some three meters on its whole body. It has eight propeller of which length is 1 meter. It activates with atomic battery. When flying once, it moves eight kilometers.

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【Look for the trace on creature in the Titan which is the satellite on the Saturn】

《The probe which flies around the surface on the Titan》

After the fly once, it will look for a safe place and land on the ground. Then communicating with the earth and adopting sample. It’ll repeat automatically.

The rover which is a vehicle for the probe on the Mars can move no more than dozens of kilometers in a decade. If comparing it with the drone, the drone can make a thorough investigation dramatically.

The dragonfly will arrive the area of dune which spread near the equator in the Taiwan.

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