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【A nation of Soviet disappeared】

〈What`s happened to Russia after that?〉

After Soviet collapsed, Putin has stood at the top of Russian federal which inherited lots of the large amount of territory, and others sometimes call him a democratic dictator.

Though Russia is a democratic country formerly, an actual situation in which Putin and his followers have absolute power is a reasno why they call Putin like that.

Some enterprises which are related to the Mafia continue to exist, and an economic situation which is far from capitalism with the Western point of view continues as well.

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【A nation of Soviet disappeared】

〈What`s happened to Russia after that?〉

However its economy which used to be extremely confused once has recovered, and it has developed.

Large amount of income on foreign currency has been brought to Russia because of rising the price of crude oil worldwide, for Russia is blessed with resource like natural gas and crude oil.

President Putin has natiaonalized enterprises which are related to energy and tried to maintain its influence over Ukline and Belarus, making use of resource as weapon.

Soviet has tried to revive with other form.

【Electric wave...】

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. The wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The world was surprised at the collapse of the wall in Berlin〉

As a nation of Soviet disappeared from the earth, the Cold War came to an end finally, but starting to tell us the Cold War would come to and end was a collapse of the wall in Berlin before Soviet disappeared.

The author said whenever reminding him of images that youths danced on the wall, a misical piece of Beethoven, the ninth, songs for joy echoed his ears.

It was a day when the German who were separated into east and west have been waiting for, but it...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The world was surprised at the collapse of the wall in Berlin〉

...but it started from a slip of tongue by the one in Eastern German authority.

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

It was the second day of a general assembly on central committee by the communist party which was the ruling party in Eastern Germany November in 1989.

Then residental movement against ruling by the communist party arose among countries in the Eastern Europe.

Soviet has ruled over the Eastern Europe actually, and its leader, Gorbachev has made...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

...and a leader of Soviet, Gorbachev made progress on reform, so the party of reform in the Eastern Europe was encouraged with it.

On the other hand, in Eastern Germany where the reform was delayed, the people who gave up the reform ran away to the West side one after another.

A staff of political bureau who was in charge of public information was handed over papers from a new leader of the communist party in Eastern Germany.

The staff was ordered to announce a content of the papers in a...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

The staff was ordered to announce a content of the papers in a press conference.

A plan that the Eastern German could travel foreign countries at will was written on the papers.

The staff announced it was decided that the Eastern German could leave its country through a border in the press conference.

A reporter asked,″When is it put into practice?″

The staff answered.″Travelling on one`s own and emigration to foreign countries will be done at will. It`ll be done at once as long as I know.″　

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

However it was a slip of tongue. The plan of the communist party was that the Eastern German who hoped to leave its country could apply for a visa from the next tenth day, and when getting the visa, it could leave its country at will.

The Eastern German had to apply for the visa for leaving its country to the police, but the staff didn`t say on a procedure of a visa leaving its country was to be done in the announcement.

The date of the papers was the tenth day, so it planed to announce on...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

...it planed to announce on the tneth day at once.

The Eastern German could travel foreign countries of socialism alone in Eastern Europe, but they couldn`t go for other countries in the West side, so the announcement was an epoch-making.

However when hearing the announcement from the staff, both inside and outside reporters of the Eastern Germany thought the Eastern German could learn to leave its country at will from just then.

The big news was reported quickly.

Even if the news was reported from TV in Eastern...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

Even if the news was reported from TV in Eastern Germany, the Eastern German didn`t take into any action, but it was done from the Western Germany at 8：00, residents in east Berlin started to move.

The residents started to gather one after another in front of a checkpoint at the wall which separated Germany into east and west.

Garrisons who weren`t informed on liberalization of leaving its country refused that the residents passed through in the beginning, but lots of residents marched on the checkpoint, crying...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

...but lots of residents marched on the checkpoint, crying,″Liberalization of leaving our country has been done!″,so the garrisons were pressed and were forced to open the door of the checkpoint at 11 p.m.

Residents in the Eastern German rushed into west Berlin, giving a shout of joy. Lots of the youth clambered up the wall in Berlin and started to dance on the wall.Some people tried to destroy the wall with a hammer.

Authorities in Eastern Germany couldn`t suppress them any more.

Collapse...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border】

〈It started from a slip of tongue〉

Collapse of the wall started from a slip of tongue by the staff who was in charge of public information of Eastern Germany.

Though the news was reported from TV in Eastern Germany, its residents didn`t take into action, reporting from TV in Western Germany made the resident go into action.

In short, instead watching its own country`s TV, residents in eastern Berlin watched TV in Western Germany.

〈The Eastern German who started run away via Hungary〉

Hungary removed barbed-wire set up at a border between Hungary...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who started to run away via Hungary〉

Hungary removed barbed-wires set up at a border between Hungary and Austria May in 1989.

Each country in Eastern Europe under control by Soviet in the middle of the Cold War started to move forward to democratization little by little since the latter of 1980s, especially Hungary was very cautious.

If democratization moved forward quickly, military force in Soviet may intervene in Hungary again like Disturbance in Hungary, Hungary was worried about it, but it didn`t...

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【Electric wave went beyond a borderl. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who started to rnu away via Hungary〉

...but Hungary didn`t have to be worred about it due to appearance of Gorbachev, so a speed of reform became fast.

President of Hungary inspected the border between Hungary and Austria, and was shocked at situation of defending Hungarian border.

Barbed wires and alarming devices extended over about 350 km on the border of both countries. When watching it, he thought it was a second wall in Berlin.

So he got rid of the barbed-wires at the border. Hungary gave up...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall of Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern Germany who started to run away via Hungary〉

Hungary gave up watching the border severely, and it caused an unexpected reaction from the Eastern German.

There was an mutual agreement on exemption of visa between Hungary and Eastern Germany, so both of the people could travel each country at will.

As a result, lots of the Eastern German travelled to Hungary and went beyond a border and went into Austria.

They went to an embassy of Eastern Germany in Austria, and sought asylum in Western Germany.

At first the...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern Germany who began to run away via Hungary〉

At first the Eastern Germany went into Czechslovakia where they could go in and out at will and pass through it and travelled to Hungary, and went beyond its border.

A rapid stream of the Eastern Germany from Czechslovakia, Hungary, Austria, to Western Germany happened.

It was reported through news by TV of Western Germany, and the Eastern Germany who watched the news took into the same action, so the force of rapid stream on the Eastern Germany was accelerated.

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who began to run away via Hungary〉

Government of Hungary was puzzled at the Eastern German, for Hungary got rid of the barbed wire at a border between Hungary and Austria because it wanted show Hungary was a free country like Austria.

Hungary didn`t think the Eastern German made use of it.

There was an agreement between Hungary and Eastern Germany after going into each country they had to carry some papers so as to go into the third country.

The agreement prevented each of the nation from escaping to...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. A wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who began to run away via Hungary〉

The agreement prevented each of the nation from escaping to the west side.

WIthout having the necessary papers, if trying to escape from Hungary to Austria, the govenment of Hungary had to catch the Eastern German, observing the agreement.

Therefore, without going beyond a border on Hungary by force, the Eastern German thronged to an embassy of Western Germany in Hungary, and offered an asylum in Western Germany.

If receiving a visa for going into Western Germany...

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>> 41 【A nation of Soviet disappeared】 〈A conspiracy at a forest in Belov… Ukline ×
Ukraine 〇

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who began to run away via Hungary〉

If being able to receive a visa for going into Western Germany, the Eastern German could receive papers which allowed to go to the third country.

Number of the Eastern Germany who stayed at Hungary reached about no less than two hundred thousand in 1989.

The Eastern Germany who stayed on the road around the embassy of Western Germany increased more and more, and a family with a baby was attracted attention.

Government of Hungary couldn`t leave it alone with a...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who began to run away via Hungary〉

Government of Hungary couldn`t leave it alone with a humanitarian point of view, Hungary judged like that and announced the Eastern Germany could leave Hungary with passport of its own country alone.

In short, the Eastern German could go into Austria at will. No less than about six thousand of the Eastern Germany went into Austria on the day alone. After several weeks fifty thousand of the Eastern Germany ran away.

Government of Eastern Germany suspended an agreement on...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. A wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern Germany who began to run away via Hungary〉

Government of Eastern Germany suspended an agreement of exempting a vias between Eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia. The government tried to stop its people to go to Cezchoslovakia so as to prevent them from going to Hungary.

The Eastern German who was held up overseas exploded their dissatisfaction. If being unable to run away overseas, they were forced to change their own country. They thought like that, and it developed into their movement.

Violent demonstration...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern German who began to run away via Hungary〉

Violent demonstrations anti-government caused one after another each place in Eastern Germany.

Number of people who joined the demonstrations increased day by day and neither armed force nor the police could go into action.

An explosion of anger by the people made an dictator who reigned over Eastern Germany for a long time resign from a leader of socialst party.

The one who succeeded to the dictator started a plan of liberalization on travelling overseas. A slip of...

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【Electirc wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈The Eastern Germany who began to run away via Hungary〉

However a slip of tongue who was in charge of public information led to the collapse of the wall in Berlin.

〈A nation of Eastern Germany disappeared〉

After collapse of the wall in Berlin, no less than about two thousand people ran away from Eastern to Western Germany every day.

A nation of Eastern Germany itself lost power to continue to exist, and assembly of Eastern Germany resolved unification with Western Germany.

Western Germany incorporated Eastern one into its...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈A nation of Eastern Germany disappeared〉

Western Germany incorporated Eastern one into its nation October in 1990, and then a nation of Eastern Germany disappeared.

After the World War second, Eastern Germany became a nation of socialism of style on Soviet because it was under Soviet, but it was absorbed into Western Germany, for the East side lost in the Cold War.

It was after 41 years from division into east and west. In short, democratization made proceed in Hungary and as a reslut of the democratization of Hungary in...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈A nation of Eastern Germany vanished〉

...as a result of democratization of Hungary in Eastern Europe, Eastern Germany led to the collapse.

〈Gorbachev appeared and reform on East Europe made progress〉

An election of members on national assembly was done at Poland in East Europe July in 1989, and the communist party which was only a ruling party was defeated by other political party, what is called 連帯.

連帯 is an independent organization of labor which isn`t related to a labor union in government. 連帯 put up its candidate for...

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>> 75 "連帯"jest po Polsku:Solidarnos'c' ソリダルノシチ
Deutsch U"bersetzung:Solidarita"t ゾリダリテートゥ
English:Solidarity

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To the one who response to No 76.

Thanky you very much and you are welcome.

When expressing myself in English, I sometimes come across some words which isn`t in English dictionary. Solidarity is in dictionary, but I didn`t have enough confidence to the word.

It may have been a special way of saying, I`m wondering.

To my sorrow, it`s just that a few people who read my thread, for it seems that almost all of the people aren`t interested in my thread.

However you`ve read,in addition you gave me an advice. It is kind of you. I`m grateful to you for it.

Have a nice day.

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【Electirc wave went beyond. Wall in Berlin collapse】

〈Gorbachev appeared and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

Solidarity put up candidates for elections as political party, and first political power of non communist pary was established after the World War second.

When Czechoslovakia or Hungary were disobedient to ruling by Soviet, Soviet made military force go into action, and the military force oppressed the two countries in Eastern Europe in the past.

However the communist party lost the political power in Poland means politics which was disobedient to Soviet started.

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Gorbachev appeared, and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

Each nation in Eastern Europe watched an experimental trial in Poland with bated breath, but Gorbachev didn`t try to intervene in a change on politics in Eastern Europe.

Even if the communist party lost its political power, it`s just that each has chosen it. Gorbachev`s attitude was like that.

It got rid of fear over Soviet which has been covered with East Europe from the World War second.

Without being worried about Soviet, we can choose political situation...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Gorbachev appeared, and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

Without being worried about Soviet, we can choose political situation for our own country.

The people in East Europe were relieved like that, and democratization moved forward without a rest.

Instead the communist party, other political party comes into power, it would oppressed by military force in Soviet, there used to be fear each nation in East Europe, and it made the communist party maintain its political power.

However if Soviet didn`t intervene in...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Gorbachev appeared and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

If Soviet didn`t intervene in its political situation, the people tried to put aside the communist party which wasn`t popular among them from the political power in East Europe without being worried about.

Wall in Berlin collapsed November in 1989, and political power by the communist party was overthrown in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany and Bulgaria.

Except that a dictator of Romania, CeauSescu, was executed by the military force which broke out...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Gorbachev appeared and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

Except that a dictator of Romania, CeauSescu, was executed by military force which broke out rebellion, there was no　tragic accident of bloodshed.

When the communist party went out of the power, members ran away from the communist party. Plenty of members didn`t join the communist party because of ideology like in Soviet.

It`s just that they could succeed in life in its country because they joined the communist party.

Even if staying in the political party which...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Gorbachev appeared and a reform in East Europe made progress〉

Even if staying in the political party which went out of the power, they couldn`t succeed in their life, so plenty of people ran away.

This is different from the members in the communist party in capitalism which prepared for their disadvantaege and joinied the communist party, believing in their ideology.

〈Electric wave went beyond a border〉

The communist parties retired from the political power one after another in East Europe,and it is sometime called....

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went beyond a border〉

It is sometimes called a revolution in East Europe, for the political power changed by the people, and its driving force is an eletcric wave which went beyond a border.

The people in East Europe watched broadcast of TV from West Europe. No one could prevent the electric wave from going over a border.

Watching the broadcast made the people in East Europe know how high a living standard were each country in West Europe.

They found announcement of their government was a false then.

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

The announcement was the people led a poor and hard life in the west side of the capitalism.

The people in east side couldn`t believe in the government which told such the obvious lie,so they overthrew the government without being worried about Soviet.

Liberalization for travelling foreign countries made the wall in Berlin collapse. It wasn`t done by TV in East Germany but West Germany.

For example, TV station in West Germany set up 7 places for transmitters at borders between east and...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

For example, TV station in West Germany set up 7 places for transmitter at borders between east and west Germany, in addition, there was other one in west Berlin.

The boradcast sent from the places was watched by two thirds of the whole East Germany.

As to a technical skill on TV, East Germany was different from West one, but attaching a simple changing frequecy, the people in East Germany could watch the broadcast from West Germany.

When tension the Cold War between the East and West...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

Tension over the Cold War between the East and West heightened in 1960s, the people were prohibitted to watch the boradcast from West Germany by the government of East Germany.

In school the government made the children say TV program which they watched at home and checked whether or not they watched the TV program of West Germany.

However the government could`t forbid to watch TV program from West Germany, and the government gave up checking before long.

Then not only TV antenna at home...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

Then not only TV antenna at home in East Berlin but in East Germany turned to TV tower in West Germany boldly.

Besides English company for broadcasting started a satellite broadcasting having seven channels February in 1989.

Every country in East Europe could watch broadcast from England as long as turning parabolic antenna upward.

It is said the people stood on a slightly elevated hill with a TV set so as to watch the boradcast from Hungary in Romania.

Democratization was delayed in...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

Comparing Romania with Hungary, its democratization was delayed. National broadcasting in Hungary reported a movement of anti-government in Hungary, and it wasn`t reported in Romania.

However they could watch from the boradcast in neighboring country. Electric wave went over a border and information changed into power of revolution for the people.

A chairman of Solidarity in Poland, Walesa, said like the next.

Satellit TV is going to make the world a single village. Nothing isn`t be able...

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈Electric wave went over a border〉

Walesa continued.

Nothing is to be able to be hidden, neither joy nor weapons.

〈What`s happened after that?〉

A long time has passed since the wall in Berlin which was a symbol of the Cold War between East and West collapsed. Lots of the youth who didn`t know existence of the wall in Berlin have occupied in Japan at present.

However the wall of Berlin remains in Germany with a form of gap between the poor and rich, or at the heart of the bottom in the people.

After the collapse of the wall..

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈What`s happened after that?〉

After the wall in Berlin collapsed, Germany was unified with a form of absorption of East Germany by West Germany.

Before Germany was unified, lots of people wished it from the bottom of the heart, but after unified, its reality has been severe.

Economic situation in East Germany which was called an honor student in socialism was so poor that ex-East Germany was a dead-wood お荷物 for the new-born Germany.

Economy gap between East and West in Germany has never been annulle even at present.

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【Electric wave went beyond a border. Wall in Berlin collapsed】

〈What`s happned after that?〉

There is a reality that the ex Eastern German looks lazy from the ex Western Germany, and the ex Western German looks the one who is mad for money. A wall in each mind remains.

【Square of Tian-an-men was covered with blood】

〈International which was echoed in the whole of square of Tian-men-mon〉

There was a report from actual spot of Tian-men-mon.

″Students are singing international.　They are surrounded by armed cars and tanks, and as if those vehicles for war were about to rush into the square″

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈International which echoed in the whole square of Tian-men-mon〉

″In the middle of danger that no one is sure when the armored car or tank rushed into the square, the students are singing the international″

Internationa is a song for the labor. It`s a song for the labor that without daunting by suppression. let`s struggle for it, hand in hand.

It`s familiar with an assembly for the communist party, but the students who were about to be suppressed by the military force of the communist party were singing the international.

A young reporter...

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈International which echoed in the square of Tian-men-mon square〉

A young reporter belonged to NHK who reported from the actual spot with tearful voice.

Military force surrounded the students who sat down and went on a hunger strike at the square of Tian-men-mon In Beijin June in 1989.

Then a demand for democratization by stdents went on seven weeks were trampled down by armored cars and tanks.

After songs of international by students broke off, a red signal was launched into the sky, and it was a signal for attack.

Armored cars, tanks, and...

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈International which echoed in the whole square of Tian-men-mon〉

Then armored cars, tanks and soldiers in camouflaged uniforms rushed into the square all together.

Soldiers burst of shots at a crowd at random around the square. The people ran around this way and that trying to escape,and their clothers were stained with red blood and fell down one after another.

Petrol bombs were thrown at armored cars and the fire was burning in the sky.

Firing at the crowd by the military force continued in the next day. There was a firing at hotels and ...

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈International which echoed in the square of Tian-men-mon〉

There was a firing at hotels and high-rising building at random in Beijing. It was a firing at students, and the labor by the military force by the people.

〈The whole world looked at the suppression to the students〉

The military force in China is the one which releases the people. It`s usually the military force for a nation, but China is different.

The military force which releases the people is the one for the communist party in China. It isn`t for a nation.

So the military...

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈The whole world looked at the suppression at students〉

As a result the military force in China doesn`t receive any directions from its government but from the communist party alone in China.

In short firing at the students and residents by the military force which releases the people was done by the communist party.

Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦　who lost his position because he was sympathetic for students died April in 1989, and it made the democratic movement active.

Then Gorbachev happened to visit China in the middle of the movement. The press...

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【Tian-men-mon square was covered with blood】

〈The whole world look at the suppression at the students〉

The press stayed from all over the world so as to report the visit of Gorbachev in China and reported on the students.

The communist party in China suppressed the students by militrary force in front of the press all over the world.

The people in the world were shocked at it very much.

Then each nation in East Europe gave up socialism of Soviet style and democratization by free election of the people made progress.

As a result, the people were astound at the suppression by the...

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【Tian-mien-mon square was covered with blood】

〈The whole world looked at the suppression at the students〉

As a result the people in the world were astounded at the suppression by the military force which went against the time.

Then the French President Mitterand declared like the next.

The government which fired at the youth who stood up under the name of freedom reduced so low that the government has no future for it.

Corruption had been spread over under despotic government by the communist party. Without using any bribe, anything didn`t move there.

Children of executives in the...

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【Tian-an-men square was covered with blood】

〈The whole world looked at the suppression at the student〉

Children of executives in the communist party were given a privileged position, and they made an great effort to make money.

Students couldn`t put up with the actual situation and took into action from pure sense of justice. They thought if asking the communist party, it could accept pure wish from the students simply.

However the communist party was frightened at it. Resisting against the despotic political power mustn`t have been done. An answer to wish from the students were tanks.

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