Let’s enjoy English 22nd

【What are the security bills?】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine on the Strait of Hormuz》

The Ambassador made a lecture at the press club in Japan and criticized the government in Japan.

The Abe Prime Minister was positive at the deliberation on the House of Representatives, but seldom said in the House of Coucilors.

If checking it against the international situation at present, it doesn’t always mean assuming it occurs as a practical matter concretely, he said at the special committee of the House of Councilors.

What is his answer of the House of the Representatives?

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

…and if being in the situation of threatening the existence of Japan, we need to remove the maritime mine right away, and it’s the law for it.

It seems that the government doesn’t assume to remove the maritime mine during the war.

The Ambassador of Iraq to Japan protested against the government on the expression by the Prime Minister in Japan.

If thinking Iran lays the maritime mine, the assumption is groundless altogether. The Ambassador made a lecture at the press club ….

【What are the security legislations?】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine on the Strait of Hormuz》

…even to the Third World war. The situation is devastated extremely.

As a result, Iran will be ruined, but we can say the situation is impossible. Considering like that, removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz is the assumption in which we can find it hard.

The Abe Prime Minister was asked about it on the National Assembly, and answered like the next.

The ceasefire agreement has formed actually, but not being in the formal ceasefire agreement at present, and if…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

…involving Saudi Arabia which is a big power and has established the GCC.

Oman asks the help for Saudi Arabia, and Saudi Arabia thinks Iran wages the war on Oman, there is the possibility that Saudi Arabia takes into action. Then all out confrontation, by the big powers in the Middle East, Iran vs Saudi Arabia.

Two of them are the big powers, the one is the Sunni in Islam, and the other is Shiite in Islam, so it could develop into the third war in the Middle East, even the …

【What are the security bills?】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

…but laying the maritime mine is the combat activity on the international law. If scattering the maritime mine over the Territorial sea belonged to Oman, it means that Iran wages the war on Oman. Then how does Oman take into action?

Oman belongs to the collective defense mechanism, the GCC, of which abbreviation is Gulf Cooperation Counicl.

Each of Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and United Arab Emirates is such a small nation that they can’t compete with Arab, so involving Saudi Arabia which is…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

Its width is very narrow and each of territorial sea is overlapped, so it’s divided into two, the side of Iran and the other side of Oman with the middle. The international shipping route, meaning the route in which a tanker goes through, is set up on the side of Oman, for Iran is isolated internationally.

If thinking Iran blockades the Strait of Hormuz, it could have laid the maritime mine on the side of Oman where there is the international shipping route, but laying the…

【What are the security legislations?】

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

Japan imports the petroleum, and some 80% of it is by way of the Strait of Hormuz. If the place is blockaded with the maritime mine, Japan falls into the energy crisis, and it could be the situation threatening the existence of Japan, therefore sending the self defense force so as to remove the maritime mine is possible, the government says like that.

But the Strait of Hormuz is very narrow one, its width is no more than from 30 to 40 km. The north is Iran and the south is Oman.

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

But it’s impossible actually. It means the government carried out the impression management so as to admit the exercise of the right of collective self defense by the National, don’t it?

Lately the government has said whether or not the Japanese are in, it’s possible the government certifies the 存立危機事態 and protects the military force in America.

《The contradiction on removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz》

It’s removing the maritime mine in the Strait of Hormuz which the Abe Prime Minister showed the second example. Japan import the….

【What are the security bills?】

《The explanation by the government….》

…answering it’s the scenarios in Hollywood which the military force in America takes the field so as to rescue the citizens, saying they don’t do as a practical material.

Even the people who have the American nationality are like that, even if the people in allied power, can they help them Japanese by even using the military force? It’s impossible.

But if being shown that kind of picture, the self defense force helps them Japanese, so it goes and protects is natural, then the exercise of the use of force can’t be helped.

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The explanation by the government…》

The explanation was written there like the next.

The citizens own the American nationality are prioritized which America rescue in emergency. You must not expect to be used the aircraft chartered by the government in America so as to evacuate your friends and relatives who don’t have the nationality of America as means of transportation of non profit, saying the one who they rescue is the citizen owns the American nationality is prioritized.

When asking, can you help us by using the military force, answering…

【What are the security bills?】

《The explanation by the government…》

…what’s the explanation by the Abe Prime Minister in the press conference room?

The author said he researched the homepage on the US Embassy in Tokyo then. and when looking at the Q&A segment, the thing which the Department of state can do, and the thing which it can’t, the response which the Department of State can do was shown there with the form of Q and A.

When going for overseas so as to go on a travel or for staying there, the American are worried about how much the government in America help them.

The explanation …

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The explanation by the government…》

…it may have been attacked from the North Korea, so if being requested from America, it’s natural for us to protect the US transport ship.

The Abe Prime Minister said like that then, but much later the Minister of Defense said like the next.

It’s not absolute thing whether or not the Japanese nationals are in the ship. It’ one of elements when judging the situation, saying the self defense force may protect the US ship in which there is none of the Japanese. If it’s so, what’s the expression by the Abe Prime…

【What are the security bills?】

《The explanation by the government…》

It’s the decision on the Cabinet this time which being able to do it.

The Abe Prime Minister showed the panel in the press conference room, and there was the picture of the Japanese mother and her children was drawn on it.

The nation which is the South Korea received the armed attack from the enemy nation meaning the North Korea, the Japanese mother and her children were left behind the South Korea, and when the military force in America rescue them and bring them back home from there, it may have been attacked from the...

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《The explanation by the government….》

…the Abe Prime Minister expressed in the press conference like the next on the first day June in 2014.

For example, a dispute breaks out overseas all of a sudden, when America which is the allied power for Japan and being able to rescue is in the middle of transporting the Japaneses who tried to escape from the dispute area, it may have been attacked near the Japan sea. It’s not the attack against our nation itself, but the self defense force protects the US ship so as to defend the life of the Japanese people.

【What are the security legislations?】

《The explanation by the government….》

1 The self defense force protects the US ship in which a Japanese mother and her children are escaping from the dispute area.

2 The strait of Hormuz is blockaded with the maritime mine.

But the explanation by the government was inconsistent so much, for its theory was put together at the last minute, if being pursued in varied way, the explanation is apt to be inconsistent.

After deciding the change on the interpretation of the constitution in the Cabinet, the Abe Prime Minister said like the next in the press….

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

…being able to support the military force in Australia as well.

On top of that, in the situation of 存立危機事態, in the case of being able to exercise the right of collective self defense, being able to supply likewise to the military force in America.

《The explanation by the government with regard to the exercise on the right of collective self defense, in the case of protection of US ship in which a Japanese mother and her children》

The Abe Prime Minister expressed the two examples on the 存立危機事態.

1 The self defense force protects the US ship which….

【What are the security bills?】

《What is the 存立危機事態?》

It’s related to the right of collective self defense. This time the word of 等 is added to the name, meaning the one which Japan supports isn’t the military force in America alone.

When Japan is attacked from other nation, the military force belonged to America rushes to Japan so as to protect Japan and Japan supplies ammunition, oil, water and food for America. It was the military force in America alone in the law, but the law is revised, the object of supply extends to the military force in other countries, being able to support the...

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《What is the 存立危機事態？》

4 Agreement or request from the nation received the armed attack is indispensable.

5 Diet approval is necessary beforehand in principle.

As to the 1, what is the situation on the 存立危機事態 concretely?

The author said he was going to deal it with later at once.

As to the 2, if there is room for solution like discussion or diplomatic negotiations, they are prioritized.

As to the 5, as principle, it’s hard to judge, for there seems to be some exceptions.

There is one more thing from the eleven items. It’s 米軍等行動円滑化法. It’s related…

【What’s are the security legislations?】

《What is the 存立危機事態?》

…Japan can exercise the use of force by using the right of collective self defense.

But when something dangerous breaks out around Japan and other area, there is the possibility that the government judges it’s the 存立危機事態 on its own and it exercise the right of collectives self defense. It is put a brake on it to some extent so as to prevent the government from doing it.

1 It has to be certified as the 存立危機事態.

2 There is no other ways.

3 Bringing a stop to the use of force which is minimum necessary.

4 Agreement or request …

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《What is the 存立危機事態? 》

…and is threatened the existence of our nation and there is obvious danger that the life on the people, the right seeking after the happiness and liberty are overturned from the bottom. The situation like that is the 存立危機事態.

The other nation which is close to Japan, meaning having a good relationship with Japan, so it seems to be America alone, but it doesn’t always mean like that, but as to the concrete country name, it’s not clear.

When falling into the 存立危機事態, Japan can exercise the use of force and by using the right of …

【What’s are the security legislations?】

…being able to supply ammunition, to supply oil and to maintain the military aircraft belonged to other nation preparing for start for the battle.

《What is the 存立危機事態？》

The 重要影響事態 escalates and becomes more serious, it’s the 存立危機事態. The government in Japan has made up this time so as to carry out the right of collective self defense, revising the 武力攻撃事態法 and incorporating varied regulation into the 存立危機事態 and 重要影響事態. Its definition is like the next.

Armed attacked breaks out in other nation close to Japan by other nation, and is threatened the…

【What are the security bills?】

《What is the 重要影響事態法?》

…Japan may have caught in the crossfire. In the case like that, Japan carries out the logistic support on the military force to the nation like America. It’s the aim on the 重要影響事態法.

周辺事態法 is revised and becomes the 重要影響事態法. In the 周辺事態法, the one which Japan supports was the military force belonged to America alone, but in the revised law, the military force in other nation is the object as well. The government in Japan bears in mind the military force in Australia.

As to the content on the support, being able to supply ammunition….

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《What is the 重要影響事態法？》

It used to be thought it was around Japan if breaking out before, but it’s not necessarily, it may have happened far away from Japan, so the geographical limitation has been abolished.

If thinking about it rationally, the emergency on the Korean Peninsula or the Taiwan, but if removing the limitation, it is thought the South China Sea of which tension heightens lately is the objection.

What is going to do Japan in the 重要影響事態法？

For example, the case of the North Korea and South Korea make war. If leaving it alone, Japan may…

【What’s are the security legislations?】

…for it’s the thing on the international contribution.

After all, submitting eleven bills to the National Assembly all at once and deliberating the bills on the right of collective self defense force and others together, the deliberation was complicated, and we misunderstood them, in the end we were completely lost.

《What is the 重要影響事態法？》

The definition on the 重要影響事態方 is the situation if leaving it alone, our nation is attacked by armed force or there is the fear of it, or the situation having important influence over our nation.

It used to be…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense force…》

It was unavoidable case alone, except for it, no one could use weapons before, but the case in which being able to use the weapons increases.

Needless to say, the risk on the self defense force heightens as anyone can see, for it’s natural to undertake the risky duty. It means that we have to prepare for victims from the self defense force in the future.

As to the point on the PKO law, it’s like that. Considering it, it has nothing to do with the right of the self defense direct, for…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense forces…》

Then members of the self defense force can use weapons and eliminate it so as to accomplish their duty.

For example, when rushing to the situation in which the military forces of other nation is attacked by armed force, even if the self defense forces aren’t attacked, the self defense force can help the military force force of other nation and fight back.

On the other hand, members of the self defense force can use weapons so as to protect themselves and other members under their control

【What’s are the security bills?】

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense forces…》

When the military forces or private citizens of other nation are attacked at the place where the self defense forces are sent, the self defense force rush there and help them. It’s the rush-to-rescue mission. It means jumping into dangerous situation on purpose, so it wasn’t allowed in the past, but it is from now on.

As to the security and rush-to-rescue mission in other nation, when armed force obstructing the duty on the self defense forces appears, what should the self defense force do?

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense force….》

4. Without satisfying those principles, being able to withdraw.

5 Using weapons is limited at least necessary so as to protect its own life.

The content on the 5 is changed this time. Safety Assurance Activities and rush-to-rescue mission are required, learning to be able to use weapons so as to accomplish its duty.

The safety assurance activities is being engaged in maintaining the peace in the area.

What is the rush-to-rescue mission?

When the military force of other nation or…

【What are the security forces?】

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense force…》

So the government has established five principles for joining in the PKO. The self defense force is sent as long as satisfying those principles.

The five principle for joining in the PKO are like the next.

1 The ceasefire agreement formed between the disputing parties.

2 The nation which allows Japan to come in and disputing parties agrees with that Japan and the PKO join in the activity of peacekeeping operation.

3 Adhering to the neutral position.

4 Without being satisfied with those…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

The self defense force joins in the varied activities as well.

《We have to prepare for victims from the self defense force with the amendment on what is called the PKO協力法》

The 国際平和支援法 is providing logistic support in emergency.

On the other hand, the PKO協力砲 is the activities in the peacetime, but even if being in the peacetime, no one can expect at any time the armed conflict breaks out again, so the activity has to be done in very unstable situation, forced to be in constant danger. So when being engaged in the duty, involving the risk.

【What are the security bills?】

《There is the possibility that the self defense force is sent to…》

It means resolving at once at the National Assembly and being able to send the military force by far faster than ever. Deliberating at the National Assembly is the same, but how much can we carry out fruitful deliberation within fourteen days alone?

One more thing, there is the 国際平和協力法 with regard to the law on the international contribution of which common name is what is called the law on the PKO.

When the armed conflict calmed down to some extent, the United Nations carry out varied ….

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《There is the possibility that the self defense force is sent…》

…Japan doesn’t have to make a law newly as long as there is the permanent law.

The Abe government would ask the approval to the National Assembly, saying wanted to send the self defense force being based on the 国際平和支援法. The law says it has to triy to be resolved within seven days each of the House of Representatives and of the Councilors, trying to make a decision within fourteen days in total.

It means resolving at once at the National Assembly and being able to send the military…

【What’s are the security bills?】

《There is a possibility that the self defense force is sent to…》

America carried out the air raid on the Islamic State which is the organization of Islamic
Extremists at the time when the book was written, it isn’t necessarily that America doesn’t send the ground troops to Iraq and Syria and fight against the Islamic State in the future.

If America asks Japan to join forces, what should Japan do then?

Though its premise is the resolution in the United Nations, if Japan cooperates with America, Japan doesn’t have to make the law newly as long as there is…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

…dispatching the Japan Ground Self Defense Force and did the human-right based reconstruction support activities, responding with the temporary law. Japan dealt with them, making the law one by one, but it take time too much, if judging it’s indispensable, obtaining the approval at the National Assembly and we need to take into action at once, the government seemed to think like that and the permanent law was made this time.

《There is a possibility that the self defense force is sent to the conflict zone of Islamic State》

America carried out the…

【What’s are the security bills?】

《What is the new law of the 国際平和支援法?》

America thought it was attacked from Al Qaeda led by Osama bin Laden so attacked Afghanistan. Then Japan dispatched escort ships and supply ships belonged to the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force to the Indian Ocean so as to provide logical support for the military force in America attacking Afghanistan and Japan filled up the oil on the sea, making the law of Anti Terrorism Special Measure Law form, and sent the military force.

Or dispatching to Iraq. It was in 2004 after America attacked Iraq, dispatching the Japan…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

《What is the new law of the 国際平和支援法?》

The criticism was like that.

Providing logistic support isn’t always safe, and it’s shown in the example on Germany sending the military force to Afghanistan.

The 国際平和支援法 has nothing to do with the right of collective self defense, but it’s included in the security bills. Why? Because the government has wanted to make a permanent law.

Whenever something happened, the government dealt with a temporary law. For example, when attacking Afghanistan, Japan Maritime Self Defense Force was sent to the Indian Ocean.

【What are the security bills?】

《What is the new Law of the 国際平和支援法?》

Some people criticized that we even go to the opposite side of the earth and make a war?

The thing in which the criticism keeps in mind is the law of the 国際平和支援法.

If the self defense force goes to the opposite side of the earth and provides logistic support for the multinational force, though it’s for the military force in America actually, and then the enemy country attacks Japan and Japan may have been involved in the war whether Japan likes it or not. Then the member of the self defense ends up killing or being killed.

【Ten changes on the law and new law】

《What is the new law of the 国際平和支援法？》

…the multinational force of which center was America took a military action and the Gulf War broke out then.

When the kind of war happens, the 国際平和支援法 assumes the case Japan provides the logical support for the multinational force.

The invasion is apt to happen everywhere on the earth, so it has been thought the invasion breaks out on opposite side on the earth in the future and Japan is involved in the form of supporting logistic support for it.

Some people criticized that we go to the opposite side of the earth….

【What’s are the security bills?】

《What is the new law of the 国際平和支援法？》

…but the case Japan provided logical support has a condition of issuing the UN Security Council resolution.

The author suggested we should think of the Gulf War as example. Then Iraq invaded Kuwait which is the next nation, and the United Nations issued the resolution and demanded Iraq to withdraw at once so as to stop the invade. Moreover adopting other resolution by the United Nations that without withdrawing until the deadline, carrying out the exercise of use of force, but Iraq didn’t listen to it.

As a result…

【Ten changes on the law and new law】

Or should we choose the right of collective self defense force as well? Two of those things and how Japan should contribute to the international society is other things. The author said we should have separated it from the other.

《What it the new law of 国際平和支援法？》

What is the 国際平和支援法 which was organized newly? To be concrete, what kind of law is it?

If a nation takes into action of invading other one, the international society stands together and says to stop it, and penalizing, and if making war, Japan provides logical support, but the case Japan…

【What’s are the security bills?】

《The collective deliberation bills all together was too rash》

The new law which is the 国際平和支援法 is related to the international contribution on Japan, and it has nothing to do with the right of collective self defense, and the one which is related to do with the right of collective self defense is mainly 武力攻撃事態法 and 重要影響事態法.

When crucial thing which is threaded the peace and security in Japan breaks out, how should Japan take into action? Then should we adopt the right of individuals self defense alone? Or should we choose the right of collective self…

【Ten changes on the law and the new law】

The spotlight of this time is the right of collective self defense. If exercising the right of collective self defense force and fighting, Japan may have taken soldier of other nations which attack America captive, so the amendment on the law has to be done.

《is the collective deliberation on eleven bills was too rash》

Deliberating eleven amendment on the law and new law all together was so rash. At least we should separate amendment on the law from the new law. It is natural for the people to be confused.

The new law which is the 国際平和支援法 is a …

【What’s the security bills?】

《How does the activity on the self defense force change concretely?》

But there wasn’t the domestic law responding to it for a long time. Without making a war, we don’t have to think of the prisoner of war, but it can’t always said that any foreign nation doesn’t attack Japan, then Japan is supposed to protect its nation with the right to of individual self defense. It means if fighting then, it’s possible that taking some soldier belonged to other nation captive, so we should form the law, so the bill done at the time of the Koizumi Cabinet.

The spotlight of…

【Ten changes on the law and new one】

《How does the activity on the self defense force change concretely?》

As to those difference, please look at the photo.

We’ve often heard of the Self Defense Force Act or the Act on Ship inspection, but it’s the 捕虜取扱法 which isn’t familiar with us unexpectedly, but the law has already formed like that, but Japan couldn’t have made war, but that kind of law exists, it’s something strange.

It has been determined that the prisoner of war should do the humanitarian treatment in the Geneva Convention. After the World War Ⅱ, Japan has also joined in it.

【What’s the security bills?】

…making them one and made them form by force.

《How does the activity on the self defense force change concretely?》

How does the activity on the self defense force change concretely in the security bills this time? When looking at those laws, some of them resemble. For example, 国際平和協力法 which is equivalent to ② and 国際平和支援法 take after each other. What’s difference between them?

The word of the 事態 is included in two of them. What kind os situation is assumed on them?

Though it’s not the name of the law, but the works of risky situation of surviving appear often.

【Ten changes on the law and new one】

《Let’s look at the content》

⑧海上輸送規制法

Being able to adopt the risky situation of surviving.

⑨捕虜取扱法

It’s the same as the ⑧

⑩国家安全保障会議設置法

Adding the risky situation of surviving to the item of deliberation.

11国際平和支援法

Under the resolution by the United Nations, carrying out the logistic support to the military force of each nation in cooperation for the security and peace in the international society.

Though the characters of each law is different so much, the government, the ruling party submitted no less than eleven bills to the National Assembly….

【What’s the security bills?】

《Let’s look at the content》

…it’s possible the execution on the activity of the territory of foreign nations.

⑤武力攻撃事態法

If Japan is attacked direct or even if being in the dangerous situation of surviving, Japan can exercise the military force, allowing the right of collective self defense.

⑥米軍等公道円滑法

Adding to the support for the military force belonged to foreign nations of which risky situation of surviving.

⑦特定公共施設利用法

Except for the military force in America, the military force in other nations can take advantage of harbors and airfields.

【Ten changes on the law and new one】

《Let’s look at the content》

③重要影響事態法

I’m sure the concept of this thread of mine is expressing everything in English, but when expressing its Forman name in English isn’t fun, so I’m going to omit it.

It used to be limited to the area around Japan alone, but the geographical limitation is abolished. Being able to provide ammunition by logistic support, to fill up oil or to maintain the military aircraft of other nation preparing for starting fly for the battle.

④Act on ship inspection. It’s possible the execution on the activity of the territory of…

【Ten changes on the law and new one】

《Let’s look at its content》

Each name on the law and each content are like the next.

① Self Defense Forces Act. Protecting the military unit like the American military and its weapons,Japanese residents living abroad and rescuing them becomes possible.

②Act on for Cooperation for United Nations Peacemaking Operations and Other Operations.

Alleviating the criterion on using weapons, maintaining public security and rush-to-the-rescue mission becomes possible, and even if the request except for the United Nations, jointing in it is possible.

③ 重要影響事態法

【What’s the security bills?】

《Let’s look at its content》

The security bills have formed the19th day October and promulgated the 30th day on the same month in 2015, and it was supposed to carry out by the end of March in 2016. What kind of the law is the security bills?

The author suggest we should make sure it’s content.

Roughly speaking, it made up with two of parts.

The one is amending the law which has already been or changing its name, including ten laws.

The other is the International Peace Support Law which is established as the new law. Each of name on the law and contents are…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The right of collective self defense…》

…it’s admitted enough as long as removing the dangerous part. When listening to it, all of us were stunned.

Going overseas and fight so as to protect other nations. If comparing it with the poison of the pufferfish, it’s equivalent to the pufferfish liver. If eating it, we’ll be dead, so we have to get rid of it, except for it, it’s all right. It’s a shocking example.

【What’s the security bills? Ten changes in the law and one new law】

《Let’s look at its content》

The security bills formed…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《The right of collectives self defense…》

…saying if taking out one bowl of miso soup limitedly from the rotten one, it’s just rotten.

The deputy director answered, saying if it’s poisonous mushroom, no matter how we boil and roast, it’s inedible, even if biting only part of it, it will damage us, but it may have been a blowfish. As the blowfish has a poison, so if eating whole of it, it will hurt our body, but it’s all right as long as getting rid of poisonous part.

It means as to the right of collective self defense, it’s all right…

＞＞235

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The right of collective self defense…》

…but he was ill and retired when making a statement on it formally.

The deputy manager succeeded to it. He couldn’t say what his predecessor saying was in the wrong, moreover he was the one who made an excuse that the right of collective self defense wasn’t against the constitution, so he couldn’t put it back.

He showed an unbelievable example at the answer in the National Assembly like the next.
It’s the talk on the blowfish.

The member of Japan Democratic Party pursued, saying…

>> 246 すみません、２分遅れましたが開けました。

ごめんなさいね。🙏

了解👍️

>> 244 おかえりなさい。😉

お仕事お疲れ様です。

そうしましたら、９時４０分から１０分間位開けましょうか？

もうちょっとあとが良かったら、その時間を書いて下さいね。

１レスして下さったら閉めますね。

(^_^)/~

我が家に到着😄

>> 242 了解しました。

考えてみましたら、きょう中に慌ててレスしなくても、４月１４日まではレスは出来るんですよね。😅

でもせっかくなので、またここ見に来ますね。

(^_^)/~

意外と早く終わった👍

９時までには帰れると思う😄

では、また後ほど🛵🗯️

>> 240 こんにちは。☺️

返レスありがとうございます。😉

明日は朝１０時過ぎに出かけるので、今夜はあまり夜更かし出来ませんが、

午後１０時〜深夜０時位までならレス出来ると思います。

遅くまでお仕事お疲れ様です。
m(_ _)m

ミクルさんには、「休止」でしたらまた再開して欲しいですね❗

ではまた。👋

(^_^)/~

こんにちは、あずきちゃん😊

きょうは、9時か、10時くらいには帰れると思う。帰る１時間くらい前に、また連絡するね😄

»238

見つけたよ👍

>> 237 スレタイは、

「✨️Pisces is Happy✨️」です。

今、２レス目が終わったところです。

お気遣いありがとうございますね。😉

＞＞236

こんばんは。😊

ミクルが終わるまでに、満レスには出来ないと思うので、あまり気にしなくてもいいよ。😄

新スレのカテゴリーを教えてくだされ😓

>> 217 あずきちゃん、了解！😊 カラオケ楽しんでね🎤 いつも応援ありがとう👍 銀三さん、こんばんは。

こちらの英語スレに何レスもしては悪いので、スレを立てました。
(^^ゞ

タイトルは「魚座は幸せ」を英語にした(つもりの様な)ものです。😅

まだこれからレスしますので、遅くなったらすみません。

一通り書き終わるまで、自分だけ投稿、にしました。銀三さんがレスして下さる頃に開けますね。

ではまた。何だかすみません。🙏

(^_^)/~

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

《The right of collective self defense…》

The one who was in the position of the No.2 was the deputy director in the Cabinet Legislation Bureau. He was transferred from the Tokyo District Public Prosecutor. The director and the deputy director seemed to talk together and to build the theory newly.

The bureaucrat is good at finding an excuse on everything, so let’s find the excuse that the right of collective self defense isn’t against the constitution, so the new excuse was done. Then the chief made a statement on the excuse, but he …

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The right of collective self defense used to be ….》

The one who was chosen the chief of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau as trump card bringing the Cabinet Legislation Bureau to its knees retired May in 2014 and was dead June. He built the theory on the limited allowance of the exercise of the right of collective self defense in the short period of his stay and left the theory in the Legislation Bureau.

The one who showed its ability on the building of the theory was in the position of the No.2 in the Cabinet Legislation Bureau.

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

Even the one who was recommended from the ruling party said it was against the constitution, so it was a big news.

After that the movement of opposing to the security legislation spread quickly.

《The right of collective self defense used to be against the constitution until then, but what kind of interpretation makes it constitutional?》

In spite that the legal scholars pointed out it was against the constitution one after another, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau didn’t revert the interpretation on the constitution.

The one who was chosen…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》
…thinking the professor was on the side of the Liberal Democratic Party and recommended him.

It was the Japan Democratic Party which thought it was a golden opportunity. Though it was nothing to do with the theme on the review board, asking about the security legislations, annd all of the three of legal scholars who were the professors in university it was against the constitution.

Even the one who was recommended from the ruling party said it was against the….

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

Then the legal scholars who were liberal and were close to the opposition party said the Act on Protection of Specially Designated Secrets was against the law, but in spite of seem to be the liberal, the professor said it’s indispensable, so the Liberal Democratic Party invited him and made him state his opinion.

Mr. Funada remembered it and without researching how the professor thought of the right of the collective self defense, thinking the professor was on the …

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

…but taking the form of inventing as the Commission on the Constitution and listening to its opinion, so the professor didn’t seem to be invited from the Liberal Democratic Party a bit.

Why did Mr. Funad invite the professor?

The opinion on the Liberal Democratic Party divided into two at the deliberation of the Act on the Protection of Specially Designated Secrets 特定秘密保護法案. Then the legal scholars who were liberal and were close to the opposition party said….

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

He was engaged in the Chief of Headquarters on the promotion of constitutional amendment.

The professor used to go on saying the exercise on the right of collective self defense was against constitution for a long time.

It seems that as to the one who is called to the Commission on the Constitution, no one knows it is recommended from what political party beforehand.

It’s not being recommended from the political party, but taking the form of inviting as the Commission….

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

…the Diet member belonging to the Japan Democratic Party asked the question whether or not the security bills they were discussing were against the constitution.

Then even the professor of Waseda university who was recommended by the Liberal Democratic Party said it was against the constitution, so Japan was in uproar.

Hajime Funada belonged to the Liberal Democratic Party recommended the professor. He was engaged in the Chief of Headquarters on the promotion of…

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution….》

The constitutional review means examining whether or not the court complies the law, order, rule and the disposal with the constitution, and if being unconstitutional, making its effectiveness invalid. It is done so as to prevent the constitution which is the supreme law in the nation prevent from being infringed by the nation.

After finishing the opinion statement by three constitutional scholars, the Diet member belonged to the Japan Democratic Party asked the…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

…that he piled up the discussion steadily and tried to arrange the preparation of proposal on amendment of the constitution.

In the commission of the constitution, being aside from the deliberation on the security bills, constitutionalism, the limit on the amendment, and the constitutional review of legislation was the theme on that day.

The constitutionalism means being based on the constitution, limiting the political power.

The constitutional review means…

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

It was at the time of Yoshihiko Noda Cabinet of the Japan Democratic Party when the organization started to operate actually, and it went on when the second Abe government started.

When proposing the amendment on the constitution, which provision should they adopt? Whether or not narrowing down on one point? Or should they propose summing up some of them? Those things are deliberated.

Mr. Abe was so passionate about the amendment on the constitution that he piled up…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution…》

As Mr. Abe wanted to change the constitution, he decided to establish the Commission of Constitution in the both of the House of Representatives and Councilors.

The Commission of the Constitution is the organization researching the constitution in Japan and basic law relating to the constitution in our nation deeply and examining the initiative on the original plan of the amendment of the constitution or the amendment on the constitution itself.

It was at the ….

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《Three unsworn witnesses said it was against…》

It was the commission of the constitution on the fourth day June when three unsworn witnesses who were experts in the constitutional law said it was against the constitution.

Some people seem to misunderstand that the remark was done in public hearing in the middle of the deliberation on the security bills, but it’s in the wrong.

It was done at the commission of constitution in the House of Representatives which wasn’t related to the security legislation.

As Mr. Abe wanted to change the….

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

…no one can predict when or where to be attacked, but the government of Germany told its soldiers Afghanistan was safe.

《Three of unsworn witnesses said it was against the constitution in the Commission of the Constitution》

It’s the incident on the commission of the constitution in the House of Representatives in which the argument of being example in Germany caused, especially moving the public opinion greatly this time.

There was almost none of the opposition movement on the security bills until then, but the tide turned.

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

And after returning to Germany, large amount of the people who used to be the soldier developed the PTSD and are suffering from it.

The PTSD is an abbreviation of post traumatic stress disorder.

As changing the interpretation on the organic law and sending the military force to the non combat zone, victims more than fifty were caused, for the situation was different from the explanation by the government altogether. First of all the non combat area doesn’t exist.

As Taliban appears in unexpected places, if going to Afghanistan, no one….

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The exercise on the right of collective self defense…》

ISAF is an abbreviation of international security assistance force.

The military force in Germany were engaged in the duty of logistical or reconstruction support, but in the middle of its activities, they were attacked by Taliban which is the Islamic extremists and anti government armed group, and the large amount of the soldiers were killed, and making matters worse, there was a suicide, so the number of the victims reached no less than fifty.

And after returning to…

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

《The exercise on the right of self defense…》

…each of member nations in NATO was sent to Afghanistan with the form of supporting America and England.

Germany also started to dispatch its Federal Army to Afghanistan from 2002, but sending to the no combat zone alone so as to prevent it from being involved in the battle. It’s like Japan.

After the attack against Afghanistan by America and England settled down, the military force of Germany joined in ISAF founded being based on the resolution of the United Nations Security Council.

＞＞215

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The exercise on the right of collective self defense….》

It’s the simultaneous terrorist attack against America on 9.11, and America invoked the right of individual self defense as revenge and attacked Afghanistan. As America was attacked, each nation of NATO triggered the right of collective self defense and attacked Afghanistan. If one of them is attacked, all the others will fight back together. It’s the rule in the NATO.

After America and England started to attack Afghanistan, each of member nations in NATO was sent to…

あずきちゃん、了解！😊

カラオケ楽しんでね🎤

いつも応援ありがとう👍

• << 236 銀三さん、こんばんは。 こちらの英語スレに何レスもしては悪いので、スレを立てました。 (^^ゞ タイトルは「魚座は幸せ」を英語にした(つもりの様な)ものです。😅 まだこれからレスしますので、遅くなったらすみません。 一通り書き終わるまで、自分だけ投稿、にしました。銀三さんがレスして下さる頃に開けますね。 ではまた。何だかすみません。🙏 (^_^)/~

>> 211 【メイちゃん、あずきちゃんへ】 オッハー、元気でやってるかな？😊 ミクルがもうすぐ閉鎖してしまうとは、驚きだね。😲 残念な… 銀三さん、あれからレスもせずにごめんなさいね。🙏

今、カラオケ店内に居ます。

あさってからスレ立てが出来ない様ですが､

まだ２つのスレを閉めなければいけなかった訳を書いていませんでしたね。

今夜遅くか明日には書きたいと思います。

ここをお借りしていいでしょうか。

３〜４レスになりそうです。早い話が、私の家族に英語を見ると逃げる人がいるんですが、

ちょっと１月５日から揉めてしまって💧

あ、銀三さんにご迷惑がかかる事はありませんので、安心して下さいね。

またこちらで良ければ書かせて下さいね。

日本語のスレはちょっと怒られちゃったので💧　再開出来なくてすみません。

ではまた、必ず来ますね。

英語、頑張って下さい、続けて応援します。

(^_^)/~

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《The exercise on the right of collective self defense….》

…it must have gone through the procedure on the amendment of the organic law, but as there was the strong opposition among the people, so Germany pushed through with the form of changing the interpretation.

After changing the interpretation on the organic law, Germany dispatched its military force to the extra territorial of the NATO actually. It started from the attack against Afghanistan by America.

Al Qaeda which is the international terrorist organization attack America. It’s …

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constituition】

《The exercise on the right of self defense…》
…allowing its federal military force to dispatch to the extra territorial and changed the interpretation on the organic law. It’s the Kohl Prime Minister who took the lead.

Without changing the organic law, settling by changing the interpretation on the organic law, and the federal constitutional court also stamped approval that as long as the agreement on the assembly is, it’s all right.

As Germany revised the organic law dozens of times, it must have gone through the procedure on the…

【The security legislations are against the constitution?】

Germany didn’t dispatch its military force so as to help the multinational force leading by America in the Gulf War, for both of Iraq and Kuwait were the extra territorial for the NATO. Instead of it, it donated the large amount of money, but America criticized it harshly,

Do you think it is all right as long as offering the money?

《The exercise on the right of collective self defense caused more than fifty victims in Germany》

As receiving the criticism, Germany changed the interpretation on the organic law, allowing its federal…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constituition】

《The problem is caused by the change…》

The NATO was born from the feeling of fear that they never knew when the tank unit belonged to Soviet attacked the Europe, and the West Germany joined in the NATO.

If France or Belgium are attacked, the West Germany attack with the two of nations, and the military force belonged to Germany can dispatch so as to help the nations taking part in the NATO, but being unable to send outside the NATO.

It means like that, but the problem is from here.

Germany didn’t dispatch the military force…

【メイちゃん、あずきちゃんへ】

オッハー、元気でやってるかな？😊

ミクルがもうすぐ閉鎖してしまうとは、驚きだね。😲

残念なことだけど、メイちゃんともここで話す機会もそんなに無いね😥

今まで応援ありがとう。感謝してます。🙇

ミクルが閉鎖されても、他の掲示板で英語の投稿を続けて行きたいと思う。ハンネはそのままでね。また会う事もあるかもしれないね。その時はよろしくです。😊

この間は、レスありがとう。🐭

では、良い日曜日を過ごしてね😁

• << 216 銀三さん、あれからレスもせずにごめんなさいね。🙏 今、カラオケ店内に居ます。 あさってからスレ立てが出来ない様ですが､ まだ２つのスレを閉めなければいけなかった訳を書いていませんでしたね。 今夜遅くか明日には書きたいと思います。 ここをお借りしていいでしょうか。 ３〜４レスになりそうです。早い話が、私の家族に英語を見ると逃げる人がいるんですが、 ちょっと１月５日から揉めてしまって💧 あ、銀三さんにご迷惑がかかる事はありませんので、安心して下さいね。 またこちらで良ければ書かせて下さいね。 日本語のスレはちょっと怒られちゃったので💧　再開出来なくてすみません。 ではまた、必ず来ますね。 英語、頑張って下さい、続けて応援します。 (^_^)/~

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《The problem is caused by the change…》

As far as the one can see, the plain spreads out there. If the tank corps come there, stopping them is hard. The plain spreads out in both of France and Germany constantly, and if hundreds of tank unit belonged to Soviet comes there, the people in the West Europe were powerless against it. They are occupied in a flash. How terrible it is.

Though the author said like that, I’ve never been overseas, so I’m not sure of it, but in short, it seems to be terrible so much.

The NATO was born from the feeling…

【What dose it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The problem is caused by the change….》

….each nation taking part in the NATO received each of them was attacked, and all of them will fight back together. It’s the collective defense system.

On the other hand, Soviet also thought the West German may have attacked likewise, and founded Warsaw Pact Organization. Its abbreviation is WPO.

Both of the NATO and WPO are the collective defense system.

If taking the train or driving a car in Europe, we can understand why the NATO is founded there, the author said like that and continued.

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《The problem is caused by the change…》

…the East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet may have invaded the West Germany, the people in the West Germany never knew what might happen. They seemed to feel anxiously.

They may have attacked even to France, Belgium, or Holland, the people of those countries felt uneasy.

The people who scared of the invasion by the East Europe and Soviet have founded the NATO, and America and Canada have taken part in.

If one of the nation like Belgium or Holland is invaded from Soviet, all the nations…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The problem is caused by the change….》

…and the Soviet which was at the back of the East Germany had the strong military power, so the West Germany was forced to have the Military Power as the military from the beginning, but Germany used to invade in the past, it needed a brake, the rule was made. It wouldn’t dispatch extra territory of the NATO.

The NATO is the collective defense system going on from the time of the Cold War when the East and West Europe confronted each other, the East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Soviet…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《The problem is caused by the change on the interpretation of the constitution. The case of Germany》

…though it’s the constitution essentially, they distinguish the constitution from the organic law just in case, but having said that, after merging with the East Germany, without changing it, it remains the organic law still more.

The West Germany is a defeated country like Japan, but the thing which is different from Japan is its territory was divided into east and west by the Cold War, the East Germany had a military, and Soviet…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The problem caused the change on the interpretation of the constitution. The case on Germany》

What happens if changing the interpretation on the constitution? The case on Germany shows us how awful it is, the author said like that.

Without saying the constitution, it is said the organic law in Germany. After the World War Ⅱ, Germany divided into east and west and started. The West Germany didn’t think they made the constitution of their own alone, after unified they would do, and until then they adopted the organic law, though…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

But the Special Advisor to the Prime Minister said the legal certainty doesn’t matter, and it caused the controversy.

The legal certainty, in short, the successive Cabinet Legislation Bureau used to say though having the right of the collective self defense, but they couldn’t exercise, but one Cabinet replaced the director with other and making the judgement on the Cabinet Legislation Bureau change. The legal certainty is unstable then.

《The problem caused by the interpretation on the constitution. The case on Germany》

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《What kind of organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau?》

Japan should allow the exercise on the right of the collective self defense. Adopting the one who thought like that as the director was unusual.

The Cabinet had respected the judgement on the Cabinet Legislation Bureau until then, but undergoing complete change, if disobeying making them obey, replacing the one on the top with other, making the policy change into acceptance on the right of collective self defense. It’s unreasonable.

The problem is legal certainty

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《What kind of organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau?》

It was the long standing tradition, but Mr. Abe broke the usage and taking the director from other different position altogether as if it had been a parachute. Moreover the director who was from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was the first time. It’s unusual human resource which had never been, therefore the legislation bureau of the Cabinet rebelled against it violently.

Furthermore, the new director was the one who thought like the next. Japan should allow the exercise on…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《What kind of organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau?》

…building their own career still more there.

As to the human resource on the top, making the career bureaucrats who transferred from other ministry promote from within, and making them be the director in the legislation bureau. The way used to be adopted. It was done as the long standing tradition.

But Mr. Abe appointed the one who was the ambassador in France the director of the legislation bureau of the Cabinet August in 2013.

Making the director promote from within

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《What kind of organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau?》

As to the proposed law by the Cabinet, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau checks whether or not it’s against the constitution or whether or not it contradicts other laws thoroughly beforehand.

They are career bureaucrats who work in the central government office as executive trainee. The ones in the Cabinet Legislation Bureau aren’t homegrown. Though they are specialists on the law, they work in other government office like Ministry of Finance, and so on, building their own…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《What kind of organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau?》

When the Diet members of the both House of Representatives and Councilors make a law, as they aren’t always the specialists on the law, so the Legislation Bureau of the either of the House of Representatives or of Councilors give them advice.

When making the law, what should do they? There are complicated rules, and they taught the Diet members in detail.

On the other hand, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau is different from them altogether. As to the proposed law by the…

【The security legislation is against the constitution? 】

Though Mr.Abe tried to carry it out, but the Cabinet Legislation Bureau didn’t accept easily, so he thought changing the Director General in the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, intervening in the personnel on the bureaucrats, it’s the thing which the government official in Kasumigaseki hated than any other thing.

《What kind of the organization is the Cabinet Legislation Bureau? 》

There are three kinds of the Legislation bureau, the House of Representatives, the House of Councilors and the Cabinet.

When the Diet member of the House of…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《What is the limited right of collective…》

…and when the military force belonged to America is attacked and the self defense force in Japan doesn’t protect the American Army, Japan will receive backlash fiercely from American people, and then the relation between Japan and America will collapse.

So we should allow the right of collective self defense to some extent so as to prevent if from happening.

It’s the thinking way of Mr. Abe, and the argument for allowing the exercise of the right of collective self defense.

Though Mr…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《What is the limited right of collective…?》

If the military force in America is attacked by other nation around Japan, what can Japan do? If saving the military force belonged to America, it means rescuing other nation, and being the exercise of the right of collective self defense, isn’t it? So we can’t do it.

It was the viewpoint on the Cabinet Legislation Bureau.

But if doing like that, it may have been a biggest problem, for the military force belonged to America protects Japan, and when the military force belonged to America is…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

Then the Prime Minister Kishi said it doesn’t always mean we can’t use all the right of collective self defense, we can use it partially.

After his saying the viewpoint by the Cabinet Legislation Bureau was made.

《What is the limited right of collective self defense which Mr. Abe insisted?》

But Japan has concluded the US-Japan Security Treaty. The treaty says if Japan is attacked from other nation, America will rescue Japan, and Japan offers the military base to America in exchange for being rescued by America. If the military…

【The security bills are against the constitution? 】

《Why is the exercise on the right of…》

…the article 9 says Japan abandons the right of collective self defense as the way of solving the international dispute forever, so Japan can’t use it. It is said often though having it, being unable to use it.

It means Japan has the right of collective self defense as the right, but it is interpreted that the constitution forbids to exercise it, so we can’t use it.

It’s the viewpoint on the Cabinet Legislation Bureau for a long time. Then the Prime Minister Kishi said we can’t use all the right of…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Why is the exercise on the right…》

It means the use of the force of the way of solving the international dispute, so it is against the constitution. It’s the viewpoint on the Cabinet Legislation Bureau until then.

Japan has both of the right of individual and the collective self defense as the nation, and can use the right of individual self defense, for there is the permeable and the article 13, but as to the right of collective self defense, the article 9 says Japan abandons it as the way of solving the international dispute …

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《Why is the exercise on the right of the collective self defense against the constitution? 》

But the article 9 in the constitution of Japan says Japan doesn’t carry out the use of force as the way of solving the international dispute.

For example, let’s suppose America receives the armed attack from other nation. Then it means the international conflict is caused by the attack in which America received. If Japan goes to America so as to rescue America, it means Japan goes to the international dispute which has nothing to do with Japan.

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Why is it against the constitution…》

The chapter in the United Nations in which Japan joins are written like the next.

If the military attack is done to the nation joining the United Nations, the inherit right of the individual or the collective self defense isn’t harmed by any rule in the chapter until the Security Council takes the necessary measure so as to maintain peace and safety internationally.

It means Japan is allowed the right of the individual or the collective self defense definitely as the nation.

But the article…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

The government has expressed the constitution forbids to maintain the war potential on the army, navy, the Air Force and other one, but the self defense force isn’t equal to the war potential, and it’s the power organization, and it doesn’t reach the fighting power.

When expressing, I find the expression by the government is ridiculous.

《Why is it against the constitution the exercise on right of collective self defense?》

By the way, how about the right of collective self defense? It is allowed in the Chapter in the United Nations.

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Is it allowed the right of self defense…》

In short, if being attacked by a foreign nation with the armed force and Japan perished, the freedom and the right seeking after the happiness disappears. Japan must not perish, and nor the constitution allowed the nation to perish exists in the first place.

If being attacked fighting back and fighting against it is natural, and it isn’t forbidden to have the real ability of minimum necessary.

It’s the interpretation until at present. The author said.

The government has expressed the…

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《…under the constitution abandoning the war?》

…the right on the nation of life, liberty and seeking after the happiness is threatened and worst comes to worst, the people can’t survive peacefully in Japan, so fighting so as to defend the nation of Japan is allowed. Though we abandon the war in the article 9, but it doesn’t mean we abandon the right of individual self defense that when Japan is attacked we fight back is clear as long as looking at the preamble and the article 13 on the constitution.

The logic is like that.

In short if….

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《Is it allowed the right of self defense force…》

The preamble says, we make sure we have the right that the people all over the world escape from fear and deficiency equally and survive within the peace.

And the article 13 does, as to the right on the people seeking after the life, liberty and the happiness, we need to respect it on the legislation or on the national politics as long as it isn’t against the public welfare.

If Japan is attacked by a foreign nation, the right on the nation of life, liberty and seeking after the …

【The security legislation is against the constitution ?】

《…under the constitution abandonment war?》

…it used to be unclear whether or not Japan had the right of the self defense shorty after the war. The article 9 declares the policy of abandonment of war. There used to be a discussion whether or not that the nation abandoning the war allowed the right of self defense.

The government has interpreted thinking the constitution doesn’t deny the right of self defense force, comparing it with the preamble of the constitution and the article 13 on the constitution.

The preamble is like the next

《What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution》

《Is it allowed the right of self defense force…》

Why is it against the constitution of the exercise of the right of the collective defense force?

The successive cabinet which is different from Mr.Abe and the Cabinet Legislation Bureau went on saying the exercise on the right of collective self defense was against the constitution for more than forty years, counting the number of years from the viewpoint in 1972.

Before the judgement was solidified, it used to be unclear whether or not Japan had the right of self defense shortly…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

In the beginning, without changing the article 9, trying to change the article 96, and it was no, then let’s change its interpretation, but how should we change it? Oh! My grandfather used to say all the right of collective self defense is denied, so I’m going to use it. He must have thought like that.

Though the full exercise on the right of collective self defense isn’t allowed, a limited exercise is ok. His plan seemed to appear from there.

《is it allowed the right of self defense under the constitution of abandonment of war?》

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《If the amendment on the article 9 is no…》

As he was the ninety sixth Prime Minister, his uniform number is 96. There was a resourceful person somewhere beside him, and it must have thought the ninety sixth connected with the ninety six article.

Mr. Abe was particular about the amendment on the article 9 like that, but stopped saying it all of sudden. In the next it was changing the interpretation on the constitution.

If being unable to do this, I’m going to try that. He did it twice. In the beginning, without changing the …

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《…and it’s also no, changing its interpretation》

There is an episode like the next.

There was an award ceremony on the People’s Honor Award for Shigeo Nagashima and Hideki Matsui. The award ceremony and memorial ceremonial first pitch were done in the Tokyo dome. Then Mr. Abe appeared there, wearing the uniform of Yomiuri Giants and his uniform number was 96.

After that a reporter asked him his intension was changing the article on the constitution, but he denied, saying he was the ninety sixth Prime Minister. As he was the ninety…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《…the amendment on the article 96, and…》

The other proponent of constitutional reform accused Mr. Abe scathingly, saying changing the article 96 is as if it were the back door admission to a school.

If revising the constitution, we should do fair and square. Dropping its hurdle with the amendment on the article 96 and revising the article 9 is a cheap trick.

The criticism was hard for Mr. Abe, after that, he stopped saying on the article 96 at all, though every time he said he was going to change the article 96.

There was an…

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《The amendment on the article 9 is no…》

…especially as to the article 9, the Komeito doesn’t accept easily, so tries to drop the hurdle, it is decided the approval of two thirds on the article 96, so thought of being able to propose with the approval of majority. Then Mr. Abe justified like the next.

Even if the people from 60 to 70 percent think they want to amend the constitution, the member of the parliament of which number is over one third of over are opposed to it a little, we can do nothing. It’s in the wrong.

Then other proponent …

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《…and it’s also no, changing its interpretation》

Is it the majority of the whole number of people who voted actually? Or is it the majority of the whole number of the valid vote? It was unclear for a long time.

But the law on the referendum is formed and is decided that the majority on the whole number of the valid ballot in the first Abe government. Thus Mr. Abe set the stage for the amendment on the constitution steadily.

But as to the amendment on the constitution, there are high hurdles, especially as to the article 9…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《…then the amendment on the 96, and …》

As to the referendum, there is the rule on it in the constitution, but how do we carry it out? Its rule didn’t exist for a long time, for the amendment on the constitution wasn’t realistic, so there wasn’t movement of making its rule for a long time, so Mr. Abe made the law on the referendum form at the first Abe government.

The constitution says the approval of the majority is indispensable, but what does the majority mean? Is it the majority of the whole number of eligible voters? Is it the …

【What does it mean? The constitutional interpretation】

《if the amendment on the article 9 is no…》

So he suggested we should amend the article 96 in the beginning. When making a comeback and in the beginning of the second Abe administration was formed, Mr. Abe used to say the amendment on the article 96 frequently.

What is the system on the amendment of the constitution?

When approval of the two thirds on both of the House of the Diet, the amendment on the constitution is proposed, and if being able to get the approval of majority in the referendum, the amendment is formed.

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

Everyone hates the tax increase in which each of them has a hard time, so if being asked if putting it off, everyone would say it’s all right.

The election was like that, so there has been the deception there from the beginning.

《If amendment on the article 9 is no, the one on the article 96, and if it’s also no, changing its interpretation》

Mr. Abe was the proponent of constitution reform to the core, but even if the ruling party accounted for two thirds in the House of Representatives, it couldn’t in the House of councilors.

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《What is the viewpoint on the public opinion?》

…Mr. Abe emphasized the economic recovery, but no sooner had the election was over than he said both of the amendment on the constitution and the security bills were included in his campaign pledge, saying those two things were approved from the people, saying as if he had dissolved the Diet and appealed to the people for their confidence.

But then he asked the people he was going to put off for raising the consumption tax. Is it all right?

Everyone hate the tax increase in which we…

【The security bills are against the constitution?】

《The security legislation.》

It was putting off the consumption tax which Mr. Abe appealed among the strong voice of being the snap general election without the great cause.

We should have raised the consumption tax from 8 to 10 percent under normal circumstance, but the economic condition isn’t so good, so we want to put off a year and a half, but it’s the breach of convention, so I want to appeal to the people for their confidence.

Saying like that, and Mr. Abe carried out the election.

As pushing on the Abenomics, he emphasized the…

【What does it mean? The interpretation on the constitution】

《The security bills》

…the careful deliberation in which we don’t have to be committed to the current Diet session was 64 percent.

Roughly speaking, the people of 80 percent had negative opinion, but Mr. Abe said as to the right of the collective self defense force or the security legislation, he appealed to the people in the election of the House of Representatives last time and he was supported by the people.

By the way, what was the focal point on the general election December in 2014?

It was put off on the consumption tax…

【The security legislation is against the constitution?】

《The security bills. What is the viewpoint in the public opinion?》

The public opinion poll on the security legislation is the voice that we don’t have to hurry up was overwhelmingly.

For example, if looking at the public opinion poll by the Jiji press June in 2015, rejected bill was 12.0percent, on the other hand, the cautious deliberation in which we don’t have to take it seriously in the current Diet session was 68.3 percent.

The public opinion on the ANN by the Hodo Station August, the discarded plan was 22 percent, contrary to it…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

…if carrying out the double election he was sure being able to make sure the approval of the two thirds from the House of Councilors, then at last it’s time for the amendment on the constitution.

The author said Mr. Abe thought like that then.

Mr. Abe was assassinated so no one was sure what happened if he was alive.

【The security legislation is against the constitution? What does it mean? The constitution interpretation】

《The security bill. What is the viewpoint on the public opinion?》

The public opinion poll on the security..

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960》

The people lost interest in the politics at all and learned to think on the economy alone then, and Mr. Abe used to say the same thing, saying the politics has settled down, so he was going to devote himself to the Abenomics.

If making the Abenomics succeed in and the economy becomes good, the people would forget on the confusion with regard to the security related legislation and he was sure winning the coming election on the House of Councilors.

Depending on the situation, if carrying out…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960》

…making the right of collective self defense force allow and carry out the amendment on the constitution in the next, but he was forced to retreat unexpectedly, so his intention stopped.

After the Kishi Cabinet retreated, in the next was the Hayato Ikeda Cabinet, but the atmosphere on the society in Japan changed completely, for the season on politics was over and it was the season on the economy, and Japan pushed forward to the high economic growth.

The people lost interest in the politics…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960》

…so it prevented the President Eisenhower from visiting Japan then, he refused to visit Japan, for the opposing movement was so big that Japan couldn’t take a stance of welcoming the President, as a result, Japan embarrassed itself so much and the Kishi Cabinet took responsibility for it and retreated then.

To tell the truth, the Kishi Cabinet must have thought making the new national security form and strengthening the relation between Japan and America, making the right of collective self…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960》

…so the author said he thought of the deja vu. In addition, why did Mr. Abe tried to vote in a hurry? Because he promised to make the security related legislation form definitely until the summer at the Congress in America at the end of April in 2015, so he was in haste.

His grandfather tried to make it for the time when the President Eisenhower visited Japan. Both of them are alike.

The treaty was approved on the national security in 1960, but Japan fell into confusion, so it prevented…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960》

The opposing movement on the security related legislation didn’t so excited in the beginning. It was after forcing vote when it was intensified, after forcing the vote in the House of Representatives when various group joined in and the movement got excited.

Voices were getting higher from the people that lots of people like that are opposing to it, should it be decided by the member of Parliament alone? Or what is the democracy?

It takes after the national security in 1960, so the author…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

The picture surrounding the National Diet building by the large crowd was taken after everything was taken a vote at the House of the Representatives.

As long as passing it in the House of Representatives, leaving of absence on the House of Councilors and it’s all right for omitting the deliberation. the Kishi Cabinet had no concern at all. After thirty days, the treaty is approved of automatically, but lots of the people couldn’t accept it then.

《Deja vu on the national security in 1960 》

The opposing movement on the legislation for…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

…and excluding its obstacle one after another, and took a vote with the Liberian and Democratic Party alone.

After it was reported, the society was thrown into an uproar. Even mobilizing the police force and kicking out the opposing force and took a vote forcibly with the ruling party alone.

Lots of the people were worried about it was the crisis on the democracy, and the opposition movement got excited from there

The picture surrounding the National Diet…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

The Liberal and Democratic Party took a vote forcibly at the special committee of the national security on the nineteenth day May in the midnight. In the next holding the plenary session, and taking a vote forcibly again, running into the next day, giving the green light to the new security treaty.

The diet members on the Socialist Party and the group of assistants sat down so as to stop it, but the government mobilized no less than five hundred of policemen….

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

Then the Liberal and Democratic Party had the legislative seat of two thirds in the House of Representatives. The biggest opposition party was the Socialist Party, and the Komeito didn’t exist, and the Democratic Socialist Party splitting from the Socialist Party was a little.
The Communist Party just had a single legislative seat, for adopting the armed struggle line in the first half of 1950s, the people in Japan repelled it, so its influence decreased so much.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

….without taking vote within thirty days, the resolution on the House of Councilors will be prioritized. We call it the superiority in the House of Councilors, and it is decided in the constitution.

The government and the Liberal and Democratic Party prepared for the worst thing and decided to take a vote until the nineteenth day May in the House of Representatives. Then the Liberal and Democratic Party had the legislative seat of two thirds in the House of…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

…and planned to invite Eisenhower until then. Exactly, Japan had to make the treaty bill pass the parliament until nineteenth May so as to finish the ratification the nineteenth day June.

At first it’s deliberated at the House of Representatives , in the next it’s done at the House of Councilors, but as to the ratification on the treaty, after it’s decided at the House of Representatives, without being taking a vote within 30 days, the resolution on the House…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the security treaty》

Eisenhower is the thirty fourth President in America. He used to be a soldier and is from the Republican Party. He took command the Normandy Landing in the World War Ⅱ as the supreme commander in the Allied Force and liberated the North France which was occupied by Germany. He served the supreme commander in the military force of NATO.

Japan planned to refer the treaty until June when Eisenhower was invited, saying it’s referred in Japan, and planned to…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960 didn’t always oppose to the national security》

The people who signed referred to the parliament in its country and each of the parliament accepted the treaty is good, the it’s effective. We call its procedure ratification.

So the National Assembly tried to ratify it in Japan. Then the Sohyo of the labor union and the communist party and the socialist party were engaged in the opposition movement, but it lacked oomph.

The government planned to invite the President Eisenhower from America July.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The national security in 1960s doesn’t always opposed to the security treaty》

…did they opposed to the security treaty rally? They didn’t actually. The opposition movement didn’t get excited until the Liberal Democratic Party took a vote forcibly at the House of Representatives. It was May when the situation changed completely.

In the first place, it started from the time when the Prime Minister Kishi went to America and signed the new security treaty January, but singing alone is never be effective. The people who signed referred to…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

If making the self defense force dispatch the history in Japan must have changed greatly. The self defense force is forced to use the weapon so as to quell the demonstration, then the large amount of victims were caused, and what happened in Japan then? No one can expect it.

The riot police has strengthened its equipment significantly because it has the lesson then.

《The national security in 1960s doesn’t always opposed to the security treaty》

The large number of people yelling opposing to the national security then, did they oppose…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in the 1960s?》

The self defense force has received the training fighting against the military force in other nation, but doesn’t the training putting down the demonstration by the crowd, and if shooting, some of the demonstrators may have been dead. If the self defense force kills the compatriots, it’s irretrievable.

Saying like that and the Secretary of Defense stopped the Prime Minister, but then the Prime Minister Kishi thought of the public security operation seriously then. If making the self defense…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

…and the Prime Minister can order the self defense force to take the field so as to maintain the public order.

There is the military base on the Japanese Ground Self Defense Force at Nerima in Tokyo prefecture, and no less than twenty thousand of the Self Defense Officials stood by there.
The Prime Minister Kishi called the Secretary of Defense and said to him, making the self defense force dispatch! But the Secretary of Defense receiving the request turned it down flat and said like the next.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

Not only the equipment was insufficient but the number of people wasn’t enough then. As to the riot police, there is the ninth riot police and the Special Vehicle Unit at present, but the riot police was until the fourth one then.

The death of the woman student caused to intensify the opposition movement against the national security, the Prime Minister Kishi upset so much that he thought of dispatching the self defense force.

We call it the public security operation, and the Prime Minister…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

The woman student from Tokyo university was dead in the middle of the confusion. She was a senior belonged to the faculty of literature in university. She attended the seminar in the morning in university and went to the demonstration from the afternoon, and met with the tragic end.

Why did the riot police allow the demonstrators to burst into the National Diet Building? Judging from our feeling at present, we may have found it strange. The time was different from at present.

Not only the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

…though the riot police waited for and were ready to attack them.

The students of All Japan Federation of Students’ Self Government Association 全学連, especially the ones from Tokyo, Meiji, and Chuo University took the lead and tried to break through from the south side gate of the National Diet Building to the premise. They hurt themselves at the gate repeated and broke into the premise and surged into the inside, and the dogfight was caused. Then a woman student from Tokyo university was dead…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

The demonstration outside the National Diet building got out of control, so leaving it alone, and the riot police decided to exclude demonstrators if they got into the site of the National Diet Building.

When seeing the situation, students devised a strategy. It’s bursting into the National Diet Building, for there was none of the policemen at the gate outside the National Diet Building. If setting their mind to it, they could break through, the students thought like that, though the riot…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

Its defensive power was so weak that when being pelted with stone from demonstrators, the injured appeared one after another. No less than hundreds of the policemen were injured every night and were carried to hospital. Needless to say the number of the people were not enough in the riot police then. Unavoidably, it gave up guarding outside the National Diet Building, changing the strategy into guarding inside the site of the National Security Building.

As the demonstration got out of control...

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

…we can see the large crowd filled out around the National Diet Building. With the intensified opposition movement, the security by the police couldn’t keep up with it, for the number of people gathering there were too much. It was over the assumption.

The scale on the riot police then was small and it’s equipment was poor, it’s just that they had nightsticks, and didn’t have a big shield, nor did the helmet had the transparent plate made up with plastic protecting the face. Its defensive…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《What is the national security in 1960s?》

When looking at a series of movement, the word of deja vu on the national security in 1960s came to mind over and over again, the author said like that. He suggested we should look back on the national security in 1960s a little.

No less than three hundred thirty thousand of students, workers and the residents surrounded the National Diet Building in 1960s. The demonstration this time can’t be compared with the 1960s.

When looking at the photo taken from overhead, we can see the large crowd…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

After that, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau said it couldn’t exercise the right of collective self defense consistently, but Mr. Abe couldn’t allow it, thinking his grandfather allowed part of it, why do they deny the whole thing? It’s in the wrong! So he had a desire to want them to allow the right of the collective self defense no matter what.

After his hope and dream came true and immediately after the security bills were formed, he visited his grandfather’s grave, reporting clearing his grandfather’s regret. The author said like that.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《As to the right of the collective self defense…》

…especially the one which is well known is the view of point shown from the Tanaka Cabinet to the National Assembly in 1972 like the next.

If being permitted to use of force under the constitution at present, it’s limited to deal with the illegitimate or imminent invasion to our nation. Therefore the exercise on the right of the collective self defense that stopping armed attack which is done to other nation isn’t admitted on the constitution.

After that, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《…what is the exercise in the minimum necessary?》

…but at the stage before it, in short, under the constitution at present, there must have been the thing which they could exercise as the right of the collective self defense restrictively, then the Prime Minister Kishi thought like that.

It’s after the Kishi Cabinet when the successive Cabinet Legislation Bureau started to say the exercise on the right of the collective self defense wasn’t allowed at all, especially the one which is well known is the point of view showing from the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《…what is the limited exercise or…》

He succeeded to the judgement and the way of thinking from his grandfather, to be exact, succeeding to them and developing into.

Then the Prime Minister Kishi was forced to resign before established the acceptance theory on the exercise of the right of the collective self defense as the policy on the government.

The ultimate goal on the Kishi cabinet was the amendment on the constitution. Revising the article 9 on the constitution and having the national defense force is its final goal, but …

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the sage page】

《As to the right of the collective self defense…》

The right of collective self defense is protecting other nation getting along with Japan, and protecting other nation being close to Japan leads to protecting Japan itself eventually, so exercising the right of collective self defense restrictedly is admitted. Its logic is like that.

It leads to protecting Japan even if it’s restrictively, so protecting other nation getting along with Japan is permitted. It’s the basic judgement on the Prime Minister Abe this time. He succeeded to the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

…but he said he can use it restrictively, or can exercise in the minimum necessary. What does it mean?

《As to the right of collective self defense, what is the limited exercise or is the exercise in the minimum necessary?》

If dividing the right of self defense into individual and collective, each of contents are different. The right of individual defense force is protecting Japan, and the right of collective self defense is protecting other nation which gets along with Japan.

If saying it easy to understand, it’s like that.

【Proponents and opponents, not being in the same page】

《As to the right of collective self defense…》

The original principle that dispatching troops of overseas is forbidden never changes. Neither making the self defense force land on the territory of other nation and use of force for the aim of fighting, nor doing the action like that in the territorial waters or territorial airspace of other nation.

The typical example on the right of collective self defense is going to other nation and protecting it or using of force overseas, but the Prime Minister Abe declared he won’t do like that…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《…he succeeded to the way of thinking from his grandfather》

…but all the collective of self defense isn’t like that.

In shot, if thinking of being unable to exercise the right of collective self defense at all in the constitution, it’s over the top. It can exercise as long as it’s limited or partially.

It’s the Prime Minister Abe who succeeded to the way of thinking as it was. He said like the next.

We won’t join in the battle like the Gulf War or Iraq War ever before. The original principle that dispatching troops of overseas is…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《As to the right of collective self defense….》

But the thing of their similarity isn’t limited for two of them. The way of thinking to the right of collective self defense was altogether the same.

According to the book of 安倍政権の裏の顔 written by the Asahi newspaper, there used to be the Diet debate that how much the self defense was admitted in the Kishi Cabinet, and then the Prime Minister Kishi said like the next.

The constitution forbids the typical example that the self defense force goes overseas and defends other nation, but all the…

【Proponents and opponents, being not in the same opinion】

…and answered his grandfather was warned his safety wasn’t guaranteed, the situation wasn’t like that this time, so he could wait for the bill formed, he stayed calm in the TV program.. Obviously he was consciously of his grandfather.

《As to the right of collective self defense, he succeeded to the way of thinking from his grandfather》

The grandfather and the grandson. Undaunted by opposition from the people, two of them made the new security treaty and the legislation for peace and security. They have something in common like that.

【Proponents and opponents, being not in the same page】

《The grandson who tried to realize the desire of his grandfather 》

Mr. Abe would think even if being opposed so much, he was going to see it through, thinking he would have the people understand him in the future. Even if having many opposition against the bill in the public opinion poll overwhelmingly, or the demonstration in front of the National Diet building or each place intensified so much, without caring it, he went full out.

When the bill formed and in the next day, Mr. Abe had an interview, and answered his grandfather was…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The grandson who tried to realize the desire of his grandfather》

…the police said they couldn’t guarantee his safety then, and it is said he said to Eisaku Sato who was his younger brother let’s die together there in emergency. He prepared for his death and the grandson listened to it from his grandfather.

He had strongly felt about his grandfather who has gone down in history. Then his grandfather overcame the violent opposition and amended the US-Japan Security Treaty and the safety on Japan after the War has been made sure. Mr. Abe…

【Proponents, and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The grandson who tried to realize the desire of the grandfather》

The grandfather amended the US-Japan Security Treaty, and he’d always been close to his grandfather, as if he had been brought up on the lap of the grandfather, so he had the special memory on his grandfather.

At the time of the Anpo protest, a huge number of demonstrators rushed in around the National Diet Building and the Prime Minister’s Official Residence was also surrounded by them. Then the Prime Minister Kishi was said from the police, they couldn’t guarantee…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The grandson who tried to realize the desire of the grandfather》

By the way, how about Japan?

Shintaro Abe who is the father of the late Shinzo Abe served the Foreign Minister for a long time and was on the verge of being the Prime Minister, no doubt he would be the next Prime Minister, but he collapsed from illness and bit the bullet.

Being the President in the first cabinet, and he accomplished what his father couldn’t, and then he surpassed his father, but he had his great grandfather above his father who is Nobusuke Kishi.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

…and is the self proclaimed on the terrorist organization.

The area on the Middle East was in turmoil beyond control and terrorism was caused each place of the world, and refugees crowded into Europe.

The son wanted to surpass his father, and he attacked Iraq, and everything has started from there.

What’s happened in the Middle East at present? Khomeini was killed or assassinated, and the Strait of Hormuz has been blockaded by Iran, so the price on the gasoline is going to shoot up, but to my sorrow, I don’t know its detail.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

【The sense of inferiority and the thought…】

When being criticized that’s not what they talked about, the son changed the goal on the war after that, saying he attacked Iraq so as to democratize. In short, he wanted to overthrow the Hussein government.

As a result, the Iraq war became a quagmire and caused the chaos in Iraq, and ISIL was born from the chaos. ISIL is abbreviation of the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant. Needless to say, it’s not the nation recognized in the society of the international society and is the self proclaimed…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought…》

The weapons of mass destruction means the generic term of the chemical weapon like nuclear weapon and poison gas and the biological weapon of using the bacteria and virus. Once it’s used, its lethal force is high and it has the possibility that its damage extends to the wide range.

And the George Bush who was the son went ahead with the attack against Ira1, but after the attack, however looking for, he couldn’t find the weapons of mass destruction.

When being criticized that’s not what they…

＞＞125

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought…》

His idea was like that and let intuition and momentum took over, and there is one more decisive thing.

When the Gulf War was over and after the Hussein President was forced to withdraw from Kuwait, he planned to assassin George Bush who was the father, though it came to light in advance and ended in failure, but the son was furious. He couldn’t forgive the one who tried to kill his father!

So he made a false accusation that the Hussein government hid the weapons of mass destruction.

＞＞126、127

Thank you very much for your respond.

レスありがとう。😄

I’ve not seen you for a long time. How are you?

久しぶりだね。元気だったかな？😄

Thank you very much for your congratulation.

お祝いの言葉ありがとう。😁

I should be grateful for seeing the day when being fine at the age of like that.

この年まで元気でいられる事を感謝すべきだろうね。

I’m sorry for not sending your message for your happy birthday.

誕生日おめでとうのメッセージ送れなくで、ごめんね🙏

Have a nice day.🐭

良い1日を☀️

こんばんは。

ハムタロウさん？突然お邪魔してすみません。メイです｡🙏

１つ前のレス、私です｡今は「あずき」で登録しています。

きょうはお誕生日ですね。おめでとうございます。✨🤗✨

またあらためて、事情をお話ししたいと思います。

良い日であります様に。

(^_^)/~

✨️Mr.GINZO✨️

Happy birthday to you‼️

Have a wonderful day．🎊🎉💐

　　　　　　　　　　 by May

　お元気でしょうか。スレを２つ閉めなければならなかった理由は、また別の日にお話しますね。ごめんなさい。🙏

きょうは良き日。素敵な１年をお過ごし下さい。

🥀🥀🥀

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought…》

…the conflict between the race and the clash between the religious group intensifies and Iraq fell into the chaos which was out of control was expected, and the cool Bush President who was the father understood it enough, and obeyed the UN resolution,making Iraq withdraw from Kuwait and stopped attacking at Iraq.

But the Bush President who was the son didn’t know the complicated situation in the Middle East, my father couldn’t overthrow the Hussein Government, so I’ll do what he couldn’t.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought…》

…the power vacuum is born in the Middle East, and no one can expect how other nations around Iraq took into action.

Besides, though Iraq was the dictatorship, oppressing the people in Iraq, suppressing the conflict between the Arabians and the Kurdish, and the clash between the Sunni Islam and Shia Islam with the power, so the order was kept to some extent in Iraq.

If the Hussein government playing role of deterrence overthrew, the conflict between the races, and the clash between the….

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought …》

…the UN resolution this time was demanding the military force belonged to Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, but after making the military force belonged to Iraq withdraw, there was the discussion on overthrowing the Hussein government in America, hitting the pain in the neck in one go with the ride on the wave of it, but if doing it, it’s against the UN resolution, moreover there was fear that serious problem broke out then.

If overthrowing the Hussein government, the power vacuum is born …

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought on…》

…or being elected on account of the riding on their parents’ coattails. Their thoughts are warped, so when they can accomplish what their fathers couldn’t, they can make sure their competence as statesman is good. Its typical is the son of the Bush President.

The Bush President who was the father attacked Iraq which occupied Kuwait in the Gulf War, and kicked out the military force belonged to Iraq from Kuwait, but the UN resolution this time was demanding the military force belonged to…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The sense of inferiority and the thought on the..》

There could have been his strong thought to his grandfather there. In general the assembly man of the second and the third generation have a thing like the sense of inferiority whether or not being able to be the assemblyman with their own ability alone. Their awareness of surpassing their father is strong, for they have thought voters regarded them as the one who were elected because they have the same family name as their father, or being elected owing to the riding on their….

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

…and he didn’t have to go on things like the ritual any more. The author said he thought it’s the true feeling of Mr. Abe, and his activity defiled the dignity on the Prime Minister.

《The sense of inferiority and thought on the assemblyman of the second or the third generation》

Mr. Abe went against the opposition by the criticism from the constitutional scholar and the strong opposition by the people and put effort into forming the legislation for peace and security. Why?

There could have been his strong thought to his grandfather…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The Prime Minister heckled, and it’s unprecedented》

We can see the discrimination attitude in his heckling looking down on others.

As it’s the bill proposed by the Cabinet, the government is in the position asking the parliament to deliberate, so he should try to answer politely, but Mr. Abe thought it would pass by the approval of the ruling party, so he had to endure and sit there as ritual, but he couldn’t stand it any more, and said asking quickly and it doesn’t matter.

He must have thought of going ahead quickly, and he didn’t …

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The Prime Minister heckled, it’s unprecedented》

The author said he was surprised at the heckling by the Abe Prime Minister in deliberation of the Diet. The Prime Minister heckled the ones who asked the question. It’s unprecedented.

He said Kiyomi Tsujimoto who is the member of the assembly on the House of the Representatives to ask question quickly, and did Renho who is the assemblywoman of House of Councilors it didn’t matter. Two of them were to the assemblywomen, and we can see the discrimination attitude in his heckling looking…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

The professor in university said like the next.
　
Realists who think the amendment on the article 9 is indispensable so as to prepare for the threat in the world should think their goal is accomplished by forming the bill. If thinking over the national security on Japan, we should have debated over the constitution more enough, but doing the changing the interpretation of the constitution forcibly, it may have turned out that we don’t have to discuss over the constitution any more. The strange result has been caused.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Discussion over the constitution which we should do enoughis kept away 》

We call it changing the interpretation of the constitution. We have discussed enough, some people have thought like that and the movement on the amendment of the constitution will be kept away, it is pointed out like that.

After the bill was formed, the Asahi newspaper ran the article that the discussion on the amendment of the constitution has a lively activity? Or faded? And informed us the way of seeing by a professor in university who majors in the politics.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Discussion over the constitution which’s we do enough is kept away》

There is one more bigger problem in this time. It seems that the discussion over the constitution by the people has been kept away.

The Liberal Democratic Party has announced the draft on the amendment of the constitution, and the Prime Minister Shinzo Abe made it earnest wish, but without changing the constitution, changing the interpretation on the constitution almost accomplished the goal. Changing the interpretation could get the effect of changing the constitution

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

When considering the cases which we can use the right of collective self defense exemplified by the Abe administration, they are close to the right of individual self defense extremely. It seems to be there are lots of cases which we can respond with the right of individual self defense are a lot very much, so we doubt that we don’t need to use the right of collective self defense.

In short, the explanation by the government was very unclear, and it ended up that lots of the people couldn’t understand very much.

《The discussion on…》

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《..but what should we do the state of affairs surrounding Japan?》

…or observing the present constitution and don’t admit the exercise on the right of collective self defense. As to the latter, taking a step further still more, what should we do the state of affairs surrounding Japan? Is it all right with the response as it was until now? If changing the response, how should we do concretely? We should have discussed it enough, shouldn’t we?

To tell the truth, when considering the case which the Abe administration exemplified as the …

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《Opposing to the security bills, but…》

…the people who insisted that the security bills were against the constitution weren’t clear over the discussion in which what should we do in the state of affairs in Asia. It’s just that saying it’s against the constitution, and being unable to proceed with the next discussion, so it seemed that the proponents complained about it.

Starting from the premise that the the security bills are against the constitution, as it’s against the constitution, so let’s change the constitution or observing the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

The constitution in Japan fixes the procedure on the amendment of the constitution. The Diet moves a motion by the approval of two thirds on both total number of the House of Representatives, and the House of Councilors and more than it, and proposes to the people and must gain the support of majority in the referendum.

《Opposing to the security bills, but what should we do the state of affairs surrounding Japan?》

On the other hand, the people who insisted that the security bills are against the constitution aren’t clear on the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on proponents of being tense…》

…but changing it itself is in the wrong as procedure.

If the state of affairs in East Asia is tense and the crisis on Japan heightens, the government should have appealed it to the people, and insisted that revising the constitution was indispensable tenaciously, but didn’t choose it.

It seemed that there was the feeling being pressed by something in the Abe government and managing it by changing the interpretation.

The constitution in Japan fixes the procedure on the amendment of the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

If revising the constitution, after gaining the understanding of the people and needs the procedure through the referendum, so needless to say it takes time and effort a lot, but changing the interpretation alone is equal to that changing the constitution by the judgement of the government alone, it ought not to do in the democracy.

As to the interpretation on the constitution originally, it was put a brake on it with the point of view by the government until then, but changing it itself is…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the opponents of being tense…》

…the right of the collective self defense has been admitted to the member countries on the Charter of the United Nations, but Japan used to interpret having its right but couldn’t put it into practice.

There are some people who insist on admitting the right of collective self defense thought it seemed to be impossible to revise the constitution at once, so change its interpretation, jumping at the opportunism.

Why did the constitutional scholar criticize it? If revising the constitution…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

There are two kinds of the right of self defense. The one is the right of individual self defense. If our nation is attacked, we can fight back so as to defense.

The other is the right of collective self defense. Even if out nation isn’t attacked, if an alliance partner which is close relation with our nation is attacked, we can fight back together.

As to the individual right of the self defense, Japan can use.

On the other hand, the right of the collective self defense has been admitted…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

We should consider two of them separately. As the state of affairs in Asia is tense, let’s change the interpretation on the constitution is strange a little,

As the state of affairs in East Asia has changed so much that the threat to Japan has increased, so we need to strengthen the relation with America still more, we should continue the story with the direction of changing the constitution.

Successive Cabinets judged they didn’t admit the right of collective self defense until then.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

…from the amendment on the article 9 of the Japanese constitution to turning into changing the interpretation on the constitution.

In the first place, the problem that whether the exercise of the right of collective self defense is admitted as the interpretation on the constitution or is against the constitution, and the other one that the state of affairs in Asia surrounding Japan is tense, what should we do? So let’s change the interpretation on the article 9 on the constitution.

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

We have to take to heart.

What should we do against the discussion whether or not it was the against the constitution?

The exercise on the right of collective self defense is indispensable for the national security, but when checking the constitution, it’s against the constitution, so let’s discuss the necessity of changing the constitution. It makes sense.

But the government has changed the procedure from some time on the past, from amendment on the article 9 of the Japanese constitution…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense…》

…after that the constitutional scholar should think. As the constitutional scholar whose speciality isn’t the security bills said it was the against the constitution, and its tone of denying it is in the wrong, isn’t it?

The constitutional scholar is the specialist on the constitution, discussing whether or not bills are against the constitution is their original job. Overwhelming majority of the scholar and experts said the security bills were against the constitution this time. We have to…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense in the situation of Asia, so…》

…but there are lots of the constitutional scholars whose speciality aren’t the legislation for peace and security, it’s natural, it’s just that the constitutional scholar said the security bills this time is against the constitution from the point of view from the constitutional theory or the legal theory.

Receiving the judgement the security bills are against the constitution, and if thinking that the bills are indispensable so as to protect the safety in Japan..

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page 】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense in the situation in Asia, so..》

…and went on labeling it would lead to the what is called 戦争法案 in Japanese and the conscript. It was repeated.

As to the word on the 戦争法案, it’s a coined word, so we can’t express with the English, the net said like that.

The Sankei newspaper took a negative approach that the constitutional scholar whose speciality wasn’t the legislation for peace and security and said it was against the constitution, but there are plenty of the constitutional scholars whose …

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

《The tone on the proponents of being tense in the situation of Asia, so…》

The author suggested we should look at the tone concretely on the people whose position that the legislation for peace and security isn’t against the constitution. For example, the Sankei newspaper wrote like the next.

The opposition party brandished the unconstitutionality by the constitutional scholar whose speciality wasn’t the legislation for peace and security until the end, and went on labeling it led to what is called 戦争法案, and to introduction on the…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

Keeping safe both on the people and on the nation against the invasion from foreign countries. Its concept including preparing for not to be invaded.

Proponents put the peace and security in Japan first and insist on adopting the solution, and the legislation for peace and security isn’t against the constitution, saying as making sure the safety on the nation, the peace is maintained in Japan, so the law which is the legislation for peace and security isn’t against the constitution.

《The tone on the proponents of being tense the…》

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same wavelength】

Both of China and the North Korea become the threat for Japan, so we respond to it and need to extend to the sphere of activity on the self defense force, especially strengthening ties on the relations between Japan and America, so America helps Japan, so the legislation for peace and security becomes the deterrence attacking Japan. The proponents thought like that.

As to the debate thinking of the peace and security in Japan, it makes a sense.

What is the peace and security? Keeping safe on the people and on the nation against…

【Proponents and opponents, not being on the same page】

It was the extended holiday in fall when the legislation for peace and security passed in House of Councilors plenary session September in 2015.

The biggest problem in the debate over the legislation for peace and security this time was the debate wasn’t same wavelength between the proponents and opponents.

Opinions were divided between the proponents and opponents, but the point of discussion was different a little.

The thing which proponents emphasized was the change on the situation in Asia. Both of China and the North Korea…

【Preface】

…they hardly published opposing opinions.

It seems that the readers who subscribed only single newspaper result in being unable to see the whole thing. After the storm of the debate went away, the author said he organized the issue.

Does Japan become the nation making war truly? Without having anxiety vaguely, facing it sincerely, how should we think from now on? If giving the chance of it, he will be happy, the author said like that.

【Proponents, and opponents, not being on the same page】

It was the extended holiday in autumn when the legislation for peace and security passed…

【Preface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

If we thought through the safety in Japan for ourselves, it wouldn’t happen like that, the author said like that.

In addition, the point of view on the mass media divided so much. The tendency was unprecedented in recent years.

The newspaper company approving of the Legislation for Peace and Security adopted the extreme course of publishing the opinion from the supporters alone in not only its editorial but in other paper surface.

On the other hand, the other newspaper company taking a firm stand against it…

【Preface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

There was the criticism that the explanation by the Cabinet wasn’t enough, but it’s just that the President Shinzo Abe repeated he was going to explain carefully, and he appeared in his favorite TV program alone, and without receiving any tough questions, he could weather the storm.

Or the explanation in House of the Representatives and the one in the House of Councilors was frequently different in deliberation with regard to the Legislation for peace and security.. We have never heard of it before. If we thought…

【Preface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

How should we handle our constitution?

The debate inside and outside the Diet during the summer in 2015 has given the chance of making us think of those things deeply.

But as to the debate, the debate on the constitution whether or not the right of collective self defense is allowed, and debate on the national security how should be the defense in Japan, two of them were done at the same time, so it was extremely hard to understand for ordinary people.

There was the criticism that the explanation by the Cabinet…

【Pfeface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

Curtis Lemay belonged to the Air Force of America planed killing no less than one hundred thousand ordinary citizens in one night in the Tokyo Great Air Raid during the Pacific War, and he also received the Order of the Rising Sun in 1964 because he put in the effort on bringing up the Japan Air Self Defense Force.

The author said it made him realized that the relation between Japan and America was like that.

But as to the thing on Japan, the Japanese themself should determine. How should be the defense in Japan?

【Preface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

He is one of the center who drove the attack Iraq and caused the chaos in Iraq. After the military force in America overthrew the Hussein government in Iraq, Iraq fell into the civil war.

When planning the attack on Iraq, the Secretary of Army advised it needed lots of soldiers, but he was dismissed by L.Rumsfeld.

As the result of adopting attack by elite troops alone, being unable to maintain the public order, and even he was also dismissed, but giving him like that gives the medallion. It’s the Japan.

【Preface】

《Without being afraid of baselessly, we should think carefully》

He made a suggestion the content earlier before the amendment on the Legislation for Peace and Security at the time of the Abe government, but it’s rather the demand, advice or the order than the suggestion, it is more appropriate, for it is clear that the Abe government moved to the acceptance on the right of collective self-defense.

Except for the name of Richard L Armitage, there is the one of Donald Rumsfeld as well. He was the Secretary of Defense at the time of the Bush government which is the son. He is the…

【Preface】

I’m going to start a new book from now on, and it’s the preface of the book of which title is『日本は本当に戦争する国になるのか？』written by Akira Ikegami. Here we go.

When looking at the directory of the conferment of decoration in autumn November in 2015, there was the name of Richard L Armitage among the people who were decided to receive the Orders of the Rising Sun. He was the Deputy Secretary of State at that time of the Bush government which is the son. He is a Japanese expert, and has a great influence over the politics and the defense Japan adopts and appears in the main text of this book.

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

…teaching the constitution in Chicago graduate school in 1993, publishing his first autobiography in 1995, achieving the election triumph of the Chicago state legislature in the next year, but lost in the election of the lower house in 2000, declaring running for the United State Senate Election in 2003, and winning in the one of Illinois for the first time in the next year, making the keynote speech in the Democratic National Convention in the same year, and increasing his popularity in the whole America.

What happened America just now

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《Barack Hussein Obama》

His father is an economist from Kenya and his mother is an anthropologist of Caucasian. He spent in Jakarta and in Honolulu in his childhood because his mother got remarried.

After graduating from Columbia university, moving to Chicago where the first black mayor was elected, and being engaged in the regional development project by NPO, and enrolling in Harvard university of law in 1988.

While making a name for himself as the first black editor in the Harvard Law Review, teaching the constitution in Chicago…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…running for the Presidential election in 2000, winning Al Gore who was the opposing candidate at the end of the tight race.

It is the 9.11 simultaneous terrorist attach which made his approve rate change completely undeniably, invading into Afghanistan at once, taking the plunge and made a war against Iraq by force being faced criticism in 2003.

His name has left in the history of America as the President receiving the attack on the mainland for the first time.

《Barack Hussein Obama》

He was born in Honolulu in 1961. His father…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《George W Bush》

Graduating from Harvard university. The first President who had the title of MBA which is the abbreviation of Master of business administration.

Being a businessman in the oil industry in which his family has deep relationships. He seemed to establish his own company, but it didn’t go well, so he worked under his father.

Though he lost in election of the lower house in 1978, being the governor in the Texas state at the age of forty eight in 1994, after serving for five years, running in for the Presidential election…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

…and mediating between Israel and Palestinian, turning the historical peace treaty by the Prime Minister Rabin in Israel and the Chairman Arafat in Palestinian into reality.

Though putting in the effort on the peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but in the final stage, he received the impeachment charge due to the suspicion on the wrong action at the time of the governor, on the sexual harassment lawsuit, on the covering up an affair in 1998, but his judgement was innocent in 1999.

《George W Bush》

He is the eldest son of George H•W Bush

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《William Jefferson Clinton》

…and being the governor in the same state at the age of thirty two. He was elected in the Presidential election in 1992, being the first President who was born after the war. Then the economy was going well, so the budget deficit changed into being in the black.

While leading the way for the IT education, he contributed to the development and reform in the industry of America with the concept of the information superhighway.

As to the diplomacy, he strove on the improvement of the relations with China and…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the world War Ⅱ】

Organizing in the multinational force against the invasion of Kuwait and attacked at Iraq, making the military force in Iraq withdraw, besides making his support rate rise, but he was defeated by Clinton who is as young as his son on account of the economic recession which was the legacy from the Reagan government.

《William Jefferson Clinton》

Getting the Doctor of Laws at Yale university, and being the Prosecutor-General in Arkansas which is his homeland at the age of thirty two in 1978, and being the governor in the same state at…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《George Herbert Bush》

…and achieved the success, and being elected as the member of the Parliament in 1966, and held important posts successively like the ambassador to the UN, the envoy to China, and the chief in CIA, being the Vice President under Reagan, and being the President in 1989.

German reunification, democratization in the East Europe, the collapse on the Soviet Union broke out on his term of the office, so he was in the time of the great change in the world, but it’s the Gulf War in 1991 which leaves his marks on history.

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…and his performance transforming himself drastically for a role then mitigated his image and it made his approval rating rise.

Though he had the political crisis of the scandal of the secret military support to Nicaragua, the meeting with Gorbachev in Soviet embarking on reform, his historical action has been evaluated.

《George Herbert Bush》

Being born in a distinguished family and received the medal during the World War Ⅱ as the youngest pilot in the Navy. After graduating from Yale university established the oil company in Texas…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《Ronald Wilson Reagan》

…and being an actor but remained in the B-list. He served as host in the TV program on a large automobile company, and his fame made him run in for the election on the governor in California from the Republican Party in 1966, and being the President in 1980.

The tax cut combined with the fiscal expenditure reduction is called the Reaganomics, and he called the Soviet the Evil Empire, making clear his anti communism.

Immediate after taking office he was about to be assassinated, though it ended in failure, and…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…but his skill in diplomacy has been appreciated rather after being resigned, so he is called the former strongest President in the history.

The author expressed him as 史上最強の元大統領 in Japanese, and there is the sign of • above the letter of 元, but I’m not sure of the intention of the author.

《Ronald Wilson Reagan》

Taking office at the age of sixty nine and retired at seventy seven. He is the son of the wholesaler of shoes in the Illinois state. After graduating from university, he became an announcer because his voice was wonderful and…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《James Earl Carter》

…pressed the Park Government in the South Korea to democratize, moreover inviting both of the President in Egypt and the Prime Minister in Israel to the camp David and established the peace between Egypt and Israel. His policy breathed a new life into Washington, but the failure on the operation of the hostage rescue in the Iran Revolution, and the invasion over Afghanistan incurred the displeasure among the Americans, then lost his position as President, but his skill in diplomacy has appreciated more after being …

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《James Earl Carter》

After being discharged from the Navy, succeeding to the peanut farm of his father and being the Senate at the Georgia state in 1966.

He was an unknown newcomer whose campaign pledge was not telling a lie became the President. His policy was unconventional, the pardon for the one who evaded the military service on the Vietnamese War, appointing a black person as the ambassador,

As to the diplomacy, sending his letter to the dissident in Soviet, established the diplomatic relations with China, pressing the Park…

【Appendix, Presents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…he promoted to the President automatically.

Immediate after taking office, he decided the amnesty exempting all the prosecution
against Nixon, leaving the doubt there was the back room deal between him and Nixon.

His character is a former sportsman, never losses his smile and was well respected in the Democratic Party to some extent, but the wall of not reviving economy and the economic problems hindered his way, and lost in the Presidential election in 1976.

《James Earl Carter》

Being born at the remote countryside in Georgia state.

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《Gerald Rudolph Ford》

MVP is the abbreviation of the most valuable player.

In the middle of the war, he joined in the operation on the South Pacific including TRUK, Saipan, Philippine as naval officer,

Being the member of the parliament in the Michigan state. He was well known as the dove in the parliament, and was chosen as the member of the committee investigating the assassination on Kennedy in 1963.

With the resignation of the Vice President, he was appointed as the Vice President in 1973, and after Nixon resigned, he promoted …

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

He made a name for himself as anti communism in the House Committee on un-American Activities which is well known as Red Scare.

As to the Paris Agreement, it means the Paris Peace Accords, and its goal was finishing the Vietnamese War, and there is one more the same name, it made the war in Cambodia come to end.

But speaking of the Paris Agreement, it’s on the environmental one.

《Gerald Rudolph Ford》

He used to be a star player in the American football chosen for the MVP during his time at university. MVP is the abbreviation of the…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

…the complete withdrawal from Vietnam, naming the space shuttle project, and establishment on the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency, and configuration on the speed limit in the whole America.

His policy has the foresight, so it has been evaluated a lot again after that, but he was the President who was resigned during his term, so his achievement has been hidden in his dishonorable record.

Oh! I made a mistake again. Before being the Senate, he has the profile like the next.

He made a name for…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《Richard M Nixon》

Being born in Yorba Linda in California. After being discharged from the military, being the lawyer in the company, and being the member of the parliament in 1951. He served as the Vice President under Eisenhower, but beaten by Kennedy with the Presidential election in 1960, and being the President in 1969, but resigned in 1974 owing to the Water Gate incident.

Visiting China for the first time as the President, accepting China, as the People’s Republic of China actually, the signature on the Paris Agreement…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

He won the Presidential election in 1964 with the slogan of the great society, but the war situation on Vietnam went from bad to worse like the Gulf of Tonkin incident. As a result, the war was expanded by the military buildup and bombing the North.

In the middle of the public opinion inclined to the peace talks, without notice, he clarified the suggestion stopping bombing the North and the peace talks on TV all of sudden, and expressed he wouldn’t run in for the next Presidential election again, playing out the final act for himself.

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《Lyndon Banister Johnson》

…and being the Senate in 1948. Being the Vice President from the request of Kennedy who was the rival in the Presidential election in 1960, and promoted to the President at the age of fifty in 1963, by the assassination of Kennedy.

He declared the succession of the Kennedy line, making lots of bills by the former Presidents pass like including the Civil Acts of Law which was the dearest wish for Kennedy, tax cut, Social Security, the aid to the school education by his adroit parliament tactics.

He won the…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…as to the economy, the confrontation against the steel industry, being bogged down in the fierce conflict against the old regime. He appealed to the Civil Act of Law to the people direct on TV from the Oval Office. When being assassinated at Douglas in the campaign, and he was in the middle of having difficult problems.

《Lyndon Barnes Johnson》

Being born in the state of Texas, and graduating from South West Texas university, after the secretary for the member of the Parliament in Texas, being the member of the Parliament in 1937, and…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《John F Kennedy》

Under the Cold War, in the middle of the imminent relation between America and Soviet, being able to managed to get over the situation carrying a risk of the nuclear war like the problem in Berlin, the crisis in Cuba, and resumption of nuclear testing by Soviet, and reinforced the military advisor group and enhanced the intervention on the Vietnamese War, but the Vietnamese war got stuck in quagmire.

As to the domestic affairs, the racial discrimination which was the biggest problem for him became serious. As to the…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

《John F Kennedy》

…being the member of the Parliament in the form of taking over his brother’s legislative seat, receiving the gifted education from his father who was the ambassador to UK from earlier, standing out as debater in the international politics and won the support from the liberal, and being the President at the age of forty three in 1961, being the youngest in the history of America.

Appealing the young and strong America with the slogan of the new frontier, and attracted charismatic support. In the middle of the Cold War…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World WarⅡ】

…in the form of obeying the sentence from the Supreme Court, sending the Federal Force to the incident breaking out at the Little Rock in Arkansas.

As to the diplomacy, adopting the anti communism line from the hawkish congressman, on the other hand, peaceful use of nuclear energy, suggested the aerial inspection team between America and Soviet, and the summit diplomacy with Khrushchev came true. He promoted the thawing between the East and West.

《John F Kennedy》

Being enrolled in the navy from 1941 to 1945, and being the member of…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the war】

《Dwight David Eisenhower》

…receiving the request from the Republican Party.

As the President who had no political experience, he managed the country in line with the policy of the Republican Party of the small government, being opposed to the arms proliferation, and balanced budget which means balanced the revenue and the expenditure in the nation.

He wasn’t good at the domestic affairs, so adopting lots of businessman. As to the biggest problem which is the racial discrimination, in the form of obeying sentence of forbidding the racial…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the Great War Ⅱ】

《Dwight David Eisenhower》

Graduating from the West Point Military Academy in 1915. After the Army Chief of Staff, and the adjutant of MacArthur, being the supreme commander in the Allies in Europe in 1943, leading the Normandy Landings in the next year.

After the war, being the president in Columbia university. Then the military confrontation against the Soviet Union was the biggest problem, being the supreme commander in the military force in NATO in 1950, and being the President at the age of sixty two, receiving the demand from..

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the war】

After the war, strengthening the confronting attitude against the Soviet Union and announced the Truman doctrine,

Berlin was blockaded by Soviet in 1948, Truman opposed to it with the air transport, and NATO was formed in the next year, so Truman promoted the diplomacy of the Cord War. He decided to send troops in the Korean War, but he was concerned about being expanded to the World War Ⅲ, on the other hand, MacArthur insisted on expanding the war, so he was dismissed by Truman.

Thus Truman invoked the power of law.

《Dwight David …》

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《Harry S Truman》

He became the Vice President appointed by Roosevelt in 1944, and as Roosevelt passed away suddenly, Truman became the President at the age of sixty.

Without having experience on the diplomacy, he brought into the Potsdam Conference. He was engaged in the leading position on the postwar process with the end of the war like the decision to the bomb dropping on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, supporting to the establishment on the United Nations, the court on the war criminal in Japan and in Germany.

After the war…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

He made the Manhattan Project led to the development on the atomic bomb powerfully, and it was carried out at the time of Truman. He won a fourth terms for the first time in the history of America, but was dead suddenly before the war came to an end.

《Harry s Truman》

He is from farmer in Missouri and has never been university. After the Country Court Judge, being the Senate in 1934, and was reelected in 1940, and making the name for himself by what is called the トルーマン委員会, investigating the fraudulent use on the military budget.

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《Franklin D Roosevelt》

…and overcoming the worst economic crisis in America.

He made much of the trend in the public opinion like making academic experts join in policy making and holding the discussion through the radio program.

As to the international relations, he tried to avoid being involved in the international dispute. It seems that as receiving the attack on the Pearl Harbor from Japan, America joined in the World War Ⅱ, but there are differing opinions.

He made the Manhattan Project led to the development on the atomic…

【Appendix, Presidents in America after the World War Ⅱ】

《Franklin D Roosevelt》

…and he was the Senate in the state of New York in 1911, and was appointed as the Vice President at the Presidential election in 1920, but lost the election, and suffering from the polio in the next year, so being forced to lead the battle against the illness, but returned to the political world in 1928, and after being the governor in New York, and being the President in 1933, putting forth the policy what is called the New Deal, the series of the economic crisis measures, and overcoming the worst economic …

【America after Obama】

Could Obama accomplish it?

The new history of America was about to be written then.

The author said like that, and the book was concluded. After Obama, Trump, Biden, and Trump again. What happened to America just now?

It’s shameful of me to say like the next, but I have hardly watched the news program, and even if I could watch carefully, I don’t have the ability of analyzing the present situation appropriately.

【Appendix, the Presidents after the Great World War Ⅱ】

《Franklin Delano Roosevelt》

He was born into a distinguished family at Hyde Park in New York, and…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at being Roosevelt in the present time》

…it’s not always his victory alone, but the economy in America could escape from the economic panic then, and the Americans had asked for the reenactment of Roosevelt on Obama.

And Obama put forth the policy for the green New Deal so as to meet the expectation from the Americans, making the green industry like the environmental technology promote, and trying to revive the economy in America.

Both of the challenge that Obama should solve was too much and the expectation from the people was also too much. Could Obama…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at being Roosevelt in the present time》

Roosevelt who was inaugurated as the President long ago made use of the radio which was the latest media then and called the people in America to overcome the financial crisis, and the Obama President took advantage of the video sharing site which is the latest media in the present time addressed to the Americans.

Roosevelt developed the New Deal, increasing public works, protecting the right on workers, carrying out the momentary easing and fought against the financial crisis. If dating back his achievement, It’s not…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at being Roosevelt at the present time》

The few words of his reversed the approving rate on McCain which led by Obama until then. Meanwhile, the Bush administration just stood and watched the economy in America deteriorate , so the economy in America changed from the just recession to the serious financial crisis then.

The attitude on the Republican Party which had no measure on the economy reminded the people in America of the nightmare by the Hoover President, so they regarded the Obama candidate as the second Roosevelt.

Roosevelt who was inaugurated as…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at being Roosevelt in the present time》

…and the whole world was pushed forward to the Great War Ⅱ.

Then the people in America were fed up with the Hoover government in the Republican Party which stood by and did nothing to the economic downturn, and elected Roosevelt in the Democratic Party at the Presidential election in 1932.

When the Lehman Brothers which was an investment bank in America went bankrupt September in 2009, John McCain who was the Presidential candidate said the economy in America is healthy basically, so his economic illiteracy was exposed.

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at being Roosevelt in the present time》

The stock market crash in New York in 1929 caused the Great Depression in the world. Then the President in America was Hoover in the Republican Party, which thought the government shouldn’t interfere in the private sector economy, so it couldn’t put forth the basic policy preventing the economy from deteriorating.

Then not only the economy in America but the one in Europe and in Japan worsened, and the fascism expanded its influence from Germany and Italy in Europe, and the rise of militarism in Japan, and the whole …

【America after Obama】

…the Obama administration made much of the multilateral cooperation, and it bore fruit, so each nation of Europe showed the attitude to America they lent a hand.

But Taliban expanded its influence at the time of the Bush government so much in Afghan that getting back the Afghan wasn’t easy, and there was fear that Afghan may have been the Vietnam for Obama.

《Aiming at being Roosevelt in the present time》

There was more negative legacy from the Bush government. The Great Depression which is said once in a century is also the serious problem.

The stock market crash….

【America after Obama】

《Withdrawal from Iraq and the strategy on Afghan》

Though Obama made the military force belonged to America withdraw from Iraq, dispatched additional force belonged to America to Afghan as main battle field. Being unable to win the battle with the armed force alone. It’s a natural logic, and Obama who is different from Bush was aware of it.

Moreover, the Obama government sought after the cooperation to the other nations in Europe so as to ensure public safety.

While the Bush government went full speed ahead toward its win with by himself, the Obama government made….

【America after Obama】

《Withdrawal from Iraq and the strategy on Afghan》

…so there is a risk of intensifying the civil war in Iraq again. As to the military force, when retreating is more difficult than when attacking, so the Obama government was imposed on the hard theme.

While then the Bush government attacked Afghan, it moved the main force on the military force from Afghan to Iraq, then Taliban revived in Afghan and there were lots of victims from the military force belonged to America and the ones belonged to NATO staying in Afghan.

Though the President Obama made the military force….

【America after Obama】

《Withdrawal form Iraq and the strategy on Afghan》

As the Hussein government collapsed, Iraq fell into the civil war, and the confusion continued there and there were lots of victims as well.

Obama was opposed to the attack on Iraq by the military force belonged to America as Senate in the Illinois state, and pledged the withdrawal on the military force belonged to America from Iraq during the Presidential election, but how should he make the military force belonged to America withdraw from Iraq?

A sudden withdrawal would change the power balance in Iraq greatly, so…

【America after Obama】

His figure would remind lots of people of young Kennedy. America is the nation which changes limitlessly.

《Withdrawal from Iraq and the strategy on Afghan》

The President Obama succeeded to lots of the negative legacy from the Bush government, and the worst one is Iraq.

America attacked Iraq with the reason of the weapons of mass destruction, but after it turned out that the weapons of mass destruction didn’t exist, changing its aim into democratizing Iraq. It’s the double standard, applying for different standards according to the situation.

As the Hussein…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at the world where there is no nuclear weapon》

America has the moral responsibility for taking into action as the only nation possesses the nuclear weapon which used the atomic weapon to other nation.

Obama referred to dropping the nuclear weapon with the expression of the only nation using the nuclear weapon and had the responsibility for coming true the world where there is no nuclear weapon.

None of the President has never expressed clearly like that before except for Obama. Raising its high ideal and calling it to the world. His figure would remind lots…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at the world where there is no nuclear weapon》

On the other hand, the President Obama started the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks with Russia again, so taking the helm greatly to the reduction of nuclear weapon.

Obama President pledged to reduce the nuclear weapon dramatically and to make effort to the world where there is no nuclear weapon, and he started to move so as to come true his pledge.

He made a speech on the structure of the comprehensive nuclear disarmament at Prague in Czech April in 2004, and declared like the next.

America has the moral…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at the world where there is no nuclear weapon》

…and tried to build the network intercepting the missile in the Eastern Europe, and Russia objected to it violently, opposing to America and clarifying the plan on the deployment of the new type missile at the enclave south to the Baltic states, so the relation between America and Russia deteriorated then.

To make matters worse, the Bush government made progress on the study of being able to use the nuclear weapon, so the negotiation limiting the nuclear weapon didn’t make progress a bit then.

On the other hand…

【America after Obama】

《Aiming at the world where there is no atomic weapon》

…then the Bush President was threatened with the missile attack by terrorists and rouge nations, and denounced the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty concluded between America and Russia. This treaty limits the deployment of missile intercepting the one which attack its own country. It was concluded between America and Russia.

But the Bush government thought the treaty was in the way when trying to make progress the missile defense plan and denounced the treaty, regarding Iraq as hypothetical enemy and tried to build…

【America after Obama】

…and forbade the federal government to spend its budget on the study of the embryonic stem cell.

On the other hand, in reverse, the President Obama allowed the federal government to spend the budget expenditure, for his judgement was giving the priority to the scientific study.

《Aiming at the world where there is no nuclear weapon》

The Obama government Set apart from the Bush government and overturned policies in the past one after another. His way appeared on the policy for the nuclear weapon.

After the synchronized terrorist attack September in 2001, then the Bush…

【America after Obama】

《The viewpoint on the ethics for creatures changed》

…and adopting the plan not to make the study on the Embryonic Stem Cell spend on any money from the budget in the federal government. Everyone hoped the application on the embryonic stem cell to the treatment on the incurable disease. The fertilized egg which was left over from the fertility treatment is used for the embryonic stem cell.

Then the Bush President considered to the right wing on the Christians which regards the fertilized egg as life and forbade the federal government to spend its budget on the…

【America after Obama】

《The viewpoint on the ethics for creatures changed》

…for the United Nations Population Fund which instructs the family planning in developing countries allowed the abortion, so the Bush government was against the contributing fund to the United Nations Population Fund.

But no sooner had Obama become the President than America started to contribute the fund again. His judgement was not bringing into the religious viewpoint agains the measure on the explosive population in developing countries.

The the Bush President thought it was against the ethics on the creature…

【America after Obama】

But Obama who had the middle name of Hussein and whose father is the Muslim became the President, so the chance on the reconciliation between America and the world of Islam heightened, and Obama himself called to the world of Islam that they didn’t have to conflict each other.

《The viewpoint on the ethics for creature changes》

As then the President Bush was the evangelical Christian, he was opposed to the abortion and stopped contributing the fund to the United Nations Population Fund, for the United Nations Population Fund which instructs the family planning in…

【America after Obama】

The speech by Obama was the one which reflected the reality.

《The settlement between America and Islam made progress》

At the time of the Bush government September in 2001, America received the synchronized terrorist attack and declared the fight against terrorism then. But as Bush attacked at Afghanistan and Iraq of the two of the Islam nations, so the fight against the terrorism took on the aspect of the religious opposition like the Christian VS the Muslim.

The Muslim was discriminated in America, and the mood of anti-America was heightened in the world of Muslim.

【America after Obama】

《America is the religious nation》

…for he has been the Christian for a long time, it’s the right answer, but saying so what? It’s correct.

Even if the Christian or the Muslim, it means he is a person in the United States of America, and America is the nation founded by the Christian seeking after the new Israel and moved and lived there.

America is the nation under the God, and everyone found it natural the god was the one in the Christianity when America was founded, but America is the nation made up with each of people who believe in various religions. The speech…

【America after Obama】

《America is the religious nation》

…for it was the name peculiar to the Islam, for his father who was born in Kenya was the Muslim.

I’m sorry, instead of the Islam, the Muslim is appropriate.

Obama who is his son is a Christian, but there was the rumor he may have been the Muslim on account of his middle name, and he was suffered from the rumor.

As to the rumor that Obama may have been the Muslim, then the Secretary of State spoke like the next.

If being asked whether or not he is the Muslim, I would say it was in the wrong, for he has been the Christian for a…

【America after Obama】

《America is the religious nation》

…so other religion like the Christianity, the Islam, the Hindi, and the Jew didn’t regard the Buddhism as non religion, or did he forgot on the Buddhism perfectly or ignored it simply?

Either way, the word of non religious appeared in the inaugural speech on the President is unusual extremely, for the speech was done by Obama embodying various America.

Obama struggled with the Presidential election owing to his own name. His name is Barack Hussein Obama, the middle name of the Hussein was the problem, for it was the name peculiar to …

【America after Obama】

《America is the religious nation》

We can see America is the religious nation with it.

Obama also said in his inaugural speech like the next.

Our nation is made up with the Christians, Islam, the Jew, the Hindi, and non religious people. We are formed by the language and culture gathered from all over the world.

The author said he was disappointed with his remark, for the world of the Buddhism didn’t appear in his remark, for he is a Japanese likewise we are. There isn’t the god created the world in the Buddhism, so other religion like the Christian, Islam, Hindi….

【America after Obama】

…the chance of growing for itself through the education has been given to the black person in America, we can see it. Though America has the history that a black person tried to enter school only for the Caucasians, the National Guards prevented it from entering school.

《America is a religious nation》

Obama put his hand on the Bible which the President Lincoln used to adopt in the inaugural ceremony on the President in his own inaugural ceremony and swore the oath as the President.

He said the God bless for all of you, for America at the end of the inaugural speech.

【America after Obama】

《America is the nation of being equal opportunity》

…through private college in the California state. He moved forward to law school in Harvard University through the community organizer in Chicago and acquired the qualification on the lawyer. The community organizer is the manager on the regional revitalization project.

When looking at his career of this, we can see America is the nation of being equal opportunity.

Though Obama was brought up by grandparents on his mother side, he could receive the education of high school, so his condition was advantageous, the….

【America after Obama】

What’s the one drop rule? Even if there is no more than one drop of the black person in the body, it’s the black person. That kind of rule used to exist in America for a long time, and its rule has been denied at present, moreover there is the item choosing its own race at the National census in America, and Obama defines himself as the black person, so he is called the first black President.

《America is the nation of being equal opportunity》

After graduating from high school in Hawaii, Obama accomplished the transfer in university of Columbia in New York through…

【America after Obama】

《America has fought against the discrimination》

…so the black peoples couldn’t have a meal there, but America has got over the negative history in the past. Obama’s father is the black person and his mother is the Caucasian. As having the father of the black person and the mother of the Caucasian, so is he the black person exactly? There has been the problem like that actually, for it used to be whispered whether or not Obama was black enough among the black people during the election.

But there used to be the one drop rule in America for a long time in the past.

【America after Obama】

《America has fought against the discrimination》

…and Obama said it in the inauguration speech on the President January in 2009.

If it were a long ago, my father may not have had a meal in the restaurant locally, but his son has stood on the platform for the inauguration ceremony on the President just now, for America has fought against the discrimination.

The black people used to have to offer their seats to the Caucasians in the bus at the Alabama state in 1955.

There was the history that the snack bar was for the Caucasians alone, so the black people couldn’t have…

【America after Obama】

《America has fought against the discrimination》

…for America was born as the nation made up with immigrants, and the father of Obama was one of the immigrants.

His father studied abroad university in Hawaii and fell into love with his mother, there were the states where getting marry between the Caucasian and the black person was against the low then, but as various people live in Hawaii, so that kind of law doesn’t exist there, so Barack Obama was born, but the racial discrimination used to exist in Hawaii then, and Obama said it in the inaugural speech on the ….

【America after Obama】

…but a new leader showed up then and it made America revive, and Obama took a responsibility for it this time, and I see the hidden strength from America there, the author said like that and continued he learned to dislike America more during the Bush government, but learned to like America more during the Obama government.

《America has fought against the discrimination》

The father of Barack Obama came to America from Kenya in Africa as international student. It’s not limited to his father alone but lots of people came to America from the world longing for America….

【America after Obama】

《America is the nation which changes for itself》

…and was the epicenter of the Great Depression until the President Obama was born.

The Bush government made the world unstable and the world oppose each other, but the America like that changed with the birth of the Obama President greatly.

The slogan by Obama during the election was the change, and the birth on the Obama government made America change marvelously, letting go of the past and having the power of founding the new America was showed the world.

America used to face a crisis on the state in the past, but …

【America after Obama】

The Presidential election against John McCain is the victory on Obama overwhelmingly.

Lots of young people took part in the Presidential election campaign as volunteers, and it appeared at the news in Japan, so lots of people could have looked up to the heaven desperately, how different the election conscious, and the level on the statesman were between Japan and America.

《America is the nation which changes for itself》

America was isolated from the world by the Bush government from the Republican Party, and stumbling in the two battle of Afghanistan and Iraq and the…

【America after Obama】

《America is the united nations》

The spirit and the humanity on the President in America grows through the process of the long battle.

Obama wasn’t always good at making speech in the beginning, but grew up to be a talented communicator through the long battle.

Fundraising on the Presidential election by the side of Obama making full use of the internet stood out from the crowd, pouring the huge amount of the money into the election generously, beating Hillary Clinton in the same political party at first, and defeated John
McCain candidate from the Republican Party.

【America after Obama】

It’s the message from Obama

《America is the United Nations》

America is the United Nations, and the government in the federal and the President unify the United Nations.

The Presidential election is a fierce competition. At first fighting against rivals in the same political party so as to decide the presidential candidate from the Democratic and Republican Party. When being the representative from the political party, in the next is the single combat against the candidate from the opposition party.

The spirit and the humanity on the President in the America grows….

【America after Obama】

《Tonight is the answer》

…Asians, indigenous people, gay, and lesbian and others who aren’t, the one who are handicapped and the others who aren’t…it’s the answer from all of them, from the Americans sending message to the world we’re not the hodge people of individuals nor the scraping together with the blue and the red. The United States of America is made up with all of us.

The blue means the Democratic Party, and the red does the Republican one.

Obama was chosen as the President in America shows America is the single nation of the United States of America. It’s…

【America after Obama】

《Tonight is the answer》

When Barack Obama was certain to win, he made a speech at the victory celebration for him at Chicago November in 2008 like the next.

If there are some people who doubt everything is possible or the dream of the Founding Fathers still exist, I want to say, the tonight is the answer.

As Obama said, America is the nation where giving the hope that everything is possible to the people.

The young and the elderly, the rich and the poor, both of the member of the Democratic Party and of the Republican Party, the white and the black, the Hispanic….

【America after Obama】

《Tonight is the answer》

Though the President of a black person is born in America as well, but it will be in the further future, he thought like that. When writing the book of which title, そうだったのか！アメリカ in 2005, he didn’t expect America changed so early at all.

The black President often appeared at the movie in Hollywood, for making the black President makes the viewer understand it’s set in the future.

When watching the movie made by Hollywood, we’ve learned not to feel strange, some Americas seemed to say like that, the author said he didn’t always think it’s a joke

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The summary on this chapter》

The press has the history and tradition in which both of the newspaper and the broadcast fought against the rule of the time and protected the freedom of the press at any cost.

On the other hand, as the media has been so gigantic that the tradition is going to be exposed to danger at present.

【America after Obama】

《Tonight is the answer》

What an unfathomable strength America has!

The author said he felt it keenly when seeing the birth on the first President of the black person for the first time and continued.

【America is a great power on the mass media】

The persons in charge broadcasting gathered in the general meeting and he said like the next.

I want you to watch the Prime Time carefully every night, so you will be able to understand how much it’s filled with decadence and escape. If making use of the TV which is the strongest tool for information transfer on the escape alone, we’ll face the music in the future.

Its remark was done by a broadcaster more than fifty years ago. Do we pay the piper at present?

《The summary on this chapter》

The press has the history in which both of the…

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The mass media has made the report change》

NBC didn’t report on the boycott on the goods of General Electrics which is its parent company or CNN interviewed the fraud by the Time Warner which is its holding company, but didn’t broad cast it. Those things happened frequently

The bigger the media becomes, the more the interest increases, the pressure or consideration against the report has been prevalent too much.

Edward Murrow is the one who has built the foundation on the broadcast made a speech on the general meeting in Chicago October in 1958

【America is a great mass media】

《The mass media has made the report changed》

As to the news station devoted to the news coverage, CNN and FOX.

The finance company, Lowe’s takes the control on the CBS. NBC has been the subsidiary of the electric company of General Electric. ABC has been acquired by Capital Cities which is the major publication. CNN has been done by Time Warner. All of them are the member of the corporate group.

As a result, they have tendency of refrain from interviewing and from reporting misconduct on the corporate group to which they belonged.

NBC didn’t report on the…

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The mass media has made the report change》

…and articles are exchanged between the same newspaper group alone, and the article on the local oriented decreases. As its reporter decreases, and its original interview also decreases, the newspaper company can’t afford to report the problem that the community faces and the corruption on the local politics.

The situation on the mass media that has grown up and whose power has increased makes progress in the world of the broadcast as well.

As to the major broadcast network, it’s CBS, NBC, and ABC.

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The mass media has made the report change》

No less than three fourths on the daily newspaper have been under the umbrella some kind of the newspaper group. At first glance, it looks like the existence on various local newspaper, but it’s just that a few group of newspaper groups alone exist. The situation seems to be like that at present.

If being under affiliate major newspaper company, the logic of capital comes to light.The number of each reporter on the newspaper companies are decreased, and articles are exchanged between the same newspaper…

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The mass media has made the report change》

…but as varied media exist, they have supported the freedom of speech, of expression from the bottom, but its structure is collapsing so much at present.

The number of daily newspaper is some one thousand and five hundred in the whole America, though it has decreased by twenty percent from 1950s, for the movement that major newspaper company buy the local newspaper by using financial clout and forming newspaper group has accelerated.

No less than three fourths on the daily newspaper have been under…

【America is a great power on the mass media】

There was none of the insight which Cronkite had doubts about the patriotism a bit. The people in America supported the report without doubting anything.

《The mass media has made the report change》

The news media in America has the history fighting against the authority over the freedom of report, but it has learned to be pointed out the change on the freedom of report.

It has been well known that there are lots of local newspaper each place in America. The news of local oriented sometimes causes a community based, but as various media exist…

【America is a great power in the great media】

《The report on patriotism of news by FOX》

When the military force belonged to America marched on the city of Baghdad, the FOX did the broadcast like the next.

It’s a wonderful scene, for the military force belonged to America has come into Baghdad waving their hands. It’s gathering in front of the hotel where we are in just now. It’s splendid, at last the military force belonged to America has come here. We don’t have to be worried about any more, for the thing which we looked forward to come true.

There was none of the insight which Cronkite …

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The report on patriotism of news by FOX》

The news caster clarified its position in the broadcast, asserting that It could distinguish the government oppressing the people from the other didn’t it, and standing in one side alone is no problem.

The audience rating on the news by FOX overtook the CNN during the Iraq War. The report on the patriotism captured the heart of the people in America, and the CNN and other TV stations jumped at report on patriotism. And it is called the effect on the FOX.

When the military force belonged to America ….

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《The report on patriotism of news by FOX》

…and it has been well known as the attitude on the media mogul who had conversational thought was reflected on the channel, and it was brought to the forefront.

The stars and strips were always put up at the corner on the screen of TV in the broadcast, and the news on the war was told with brave music. Brave action by the soldiers on the military force belonged to America was told, on the other hand, the damage on the people in Iraq and the objection to the Iraq War by each nation in the world wasn’t done

【America is a great media on the mass media】

It has been clarified that the danger on the intention of TV stations aimed at shocking and crucial image alone was made use of easily.

《The report on patriotism of the news by FOX》

It’s CNN which made its debut on the Gulf War, on the other hand, It’s the news on Fox which did on the Iraq War. The FOX is the channel specializing in the news on the cable TV.

Rupert Murdock who is called the media mogul started the channel competing against the CNN, and it has been well known as the attitude on the media mogul who had the conservative thought…

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《Woman soldier became a hero》

…nor she was abused gradually one after another.

The rescue dram on the woman solider happened when the military force in America got a counterattack from the one in Iraq and the march forward victory after victory stopped and the frustration spread all over the people in America, and at the same time the distrust over the military force in America was wiped out then.

It turned out that the production in which political aim was extremely strong was done and TV stations pounced on it. It has been clarified the…

【America is a great nation on the mass media`】

《Woman soldier became a hero》

The scenario was like that, as she had lovely blonde appearance the people in America was passionate about the news. When she returned to America the welcoming parade that the 『hero』returned was held.

But in fact she wasn’t injured in the battle, but was involved in the accident that military vehicles trying to avoid the attack by the military force in Iraq and to run away and collided, and she was injured then.

Moreover, it proved that she was taken good care of in hospital, nor she was abused gradually one …

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《A woman soldier become a hero》

I’m afraid you criticize woman is heroine, but the subtitle adopting the Japanese word, 『英雄』, with the mark of 『』, taking trouble to do, so I’m going to express as it is.

But the authority makes use of the strength on the image.

A woman soldier whose age was nineteen was rescued during the Iraq War April in 2003. TV stations in America reported its graphic situation all at once.

She was injured with the battle against Iraq and was in hospital, being abused, but the special forces belonged to America rescued her.

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《CNN has changed the world of TV》

CNN told us it in real time, the author said.

On the other hand, there has been the criticism that CNN tells the incident which they can express with the image, but doesn’t treat the topic which they can’t express with the image, or even if handling it comes to an end with single phrase alone

While demonstrating the strength on the image enough, the image is too central to verify what the news is enough, but it doesn’t always mean it limits to CNN alone. It’s the problem on the news of TV more or less at present

【America is a great power on the mass media】

《CNN has changed the world of TV》

…for sending with the live broadcast from the enemy nation is outrageous, telling the damage on the people of Iraq, it doesn’t have the patriotism.

As for the criticism occurred, I don’t know why it was wrong, though without withdrawing and going on interviewing is very dangerous and brave, I’m sure.

But anyway, the way adopted by the CNN was criticized then, but the reporter continued the interview and the head office of CNN backed him up.

What does a journalist have to tell? The broadcast by CNN told the…

＞＞1

Thank you very much for your response.

I’m not also good at speaking English when being in junior high school nor in high school.

If I may be so bold, I’m going to say, the more we used the English, the better our skill for it will be, so there is a chance of using English, please don’t be afraid of making a mistake, and challenge it.

When trying to speak English in front of others, I‘m sure it takes courage, but no one is never perfect from the beginning, so please do your best. I’m afraid I’m arrogant, but I’m not good at listening, so I have to study more and more.

Have a nice day

お疲れ様です。
昨年の万博をきっかけに英語が話せたらいいな～と思ったけど何から手をつけたら良いのか分からない。
中高では英語はちんぷんかんぷんでした。


なので主さんが凄いな～と思います。
Never stop learning. It’s wonderful.


良い休日になります様に。