Let’s enjoy English 14th

【What’s the Kurds? Turkey and the problem on refugees】

《Making the confrontation start…》

The Erdogan government which lost in the election attacked the extremists on Kurds as the organization on terrorism and created the image that the Kurds are dangerous and aimed at breaking down the supporters on the moderate group of the Kurds and at securing majority at the reelection.

But after that the Erdogan government announced the fight against the terrorism, terrorists explosion has learned to break out in Turkey, and the terrorism explosion occurred at the gathering of the moderate group of …

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【What’s the Kurds? Turkey and the problem on refugees】

《Making the confrontation start…》

…and the terrorism explosion occurred at the gathering on moderate group of the Kurds who called the peace in Ankara which is the capital in Turkey and more than a hundred people were dead. It’s the worst since Turkey has been founded.

The prosecutor in Turkey announced that the criminal was received the direction from the Islamic State, but there was none of claim of responsibility from the Islamic State, so the truth has never been clear.

The general election was done again and the extremists on…

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【What’s the Kurds? Turkey and the problem on refugees】

《Making the confrontation start due to the struggle against the Islamic State》

…and the extremists on the Kurds occupied the majority, so the moderate group moved backward, but there has been the strong dissatisfaction against the Erdogan government by the nation, so the public opinion in Turkey divided. The confrontation in Turkey spilled over Japan.

The author said like that, but I’m not sure how the confrontation in the distant country sparked in Japan. I’m wondering if the author expressed it in details.

【The President Erdogan….】

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’ etat】

It would be said it was the start that Turkey became an autocratic nation in the future. It was the coup attempt July in 2016. The part of military force in Turkey rose up at the Ankara which is the capital and at the Istanbul which is the biggest city in Turkey. It occupied the national broadcasting at one time and broadcast it seized full power but it was suppressed by the military force and the police at the side of the government before long.

When the coup d’etat broke out, Erdogan called to the residents to go out from the house and …

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat 】

…and to resist against the insurgent troops through the commercial broadcast which wasn’t grasped by the influence on the coup d’etat. Responding to it, lots of the residents flew out on the street from the house and resisted against the insurgent troops like sieging a tank. The plan on the coup d’etat failed.

The full picture on the coup d’etat has never been clear, but the oppressive politics by Erdogan was criticized lately both the outside and inside Turkey. If the military force takes into action, the residents who were dissatisfied…

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

…the residents who were dissatisfied with Erdogan would stand up. The insurgent troops may have expected like that, but the people who supported the President was more than the insurgent troops thought actually, so the coup d’etat didn’t go well.

No sooner Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat than he announced it was the state of emergency for three months. The consent from the assembly was indispensable so as that the announcement took effect, but the ruling party maintained the majority by itself, so the assembly agreed with it at once.

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

As a result, at the cabinet council of which chairperson is the President, issuing a cabinet order which is equal force to the law is possible.

It doesn’t need any deliberation in the council, so it is possible to get rid of the influence on the opposition party and to suppress the media which is critical to the government. In fact the government started to eliminate the influence on opposing party in a large scale, and its scale is overwhelmed.

Restraining seven thousand and five hundred of people concerned, suspending twenty five …

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’eat】

…suspending twenty five thousand of public officers, cancelling the license on twenty one thousand of teachers, demanding to resign one thousand and six hundred of executive teacher from university in the whole nation, and some two thousand and five hundred of judges were dismissed. Moreover cancelling the license on twenty four of TV station and radio station.

If all of those people were involved in the coup d’etat, the coup d’etat wasn’t suppressed easily. Erdogan took advantage of the coup attempt, and started to wipe out the force of….

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

…and started to wipe out the force of opponents. Besides, he said the revival on the system of death penalty.

Turkey which aims at joining in EU abolished the system on the capital punishment in 2002, responding to the request from EU, but Erdogan said it was possible for thousands of restrained servicemen were carried out to the death penalty at the interview of the CNN TV in America.

If making the system of the death penalty revive, joining in EU would go away, but Erdogan doesn’t seem to be worried about it. If joining in EU, except….

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

…except for the system of the capital punishment, he couldn’t continue the oppressive politics any more. If he becomes a dictator, not joining in EU is advantageous. Probably he gave a clear solution to it and said on the death penalty.

If you look at it from the other side, EU would lose a last resort asking for being democratic to Turkey in the future.

《The national army used to be the protector for separation on politics and religion》

To tell the truth, the military force in Turkey succeeded in the coup d’etat three times in the past

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be the protector for separation on politics and religion》

When the principle on the separation of politics and religion which is the national policy was threatened or the politics was in confusion, getting the command of full power on government with the military force. After creating order from the chaos, the political power shifted from the military regime to the private.

When hearing of the information on the coup d’etat, the author said he remembered its history, but the situation didn’t go well …

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be…》

…but the situation didn’t go well as the history this time.

Speaking of Turkey, we remember the Ottoman Empire which we learn in the world history. After the Empire perished in the World War Ⅰ, Kemal Ataturk who was the hero in the war established the republican Turkey in 1923. He was respected as the father on founding the nation and judged that separation politics from the Islam was indispensable so as to modernize Turkey.

Separation politics from Islam was done thoroughly. It forbade a woman….

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be the protector on the separation of politics and religion》

It forbade a woman to wear a scarf even in an official place. Kemal Ataturk carried out the change on letters. Turkish language was expressed with Arabian letters until then, but alphabet was introduced so as to be modernized.

The national military force which acknowledged itself the successor of Kemal Ataturk took into action as the protector on the principle of separation politics from the religion. It was even ready to cause the coup…

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be the protector….》

It was even ready to cause the coup d’etat sometimes.

But Erdogan who becomes the Prime Minister in 2003 advanced moslemization rapidly. He used to belong to the political party which made much of Islam, but it was against the separation politics from religion, so the political party became illegalm, so Erdogan formed a new political party, but it was made to disband as well and created another one, and won the position of the Prime Minister.

The plan on coup d’etat by the military…

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be the protector on the separation politics from religion》

The plan on coup d’etat by the military force was disclosed in 2007 and the President arrested or banished three hundred of executives and prevented the coup d’eat from carrying out. It turned out that advancing moslemization against the separation politics from religion was done. It has been demonstrated that the strategic move was valid in the event this time.

Erdogan becomes the President in the direct election in 2014. The President didn’t…

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be…》

The President didn’t have any real political power until then , but he was in the middle of preparation on amendment of the constitution so as to shift the real political power from the Prime Minister to the President.

Opposition parties, scholars, and mass media were critical to the movement, but the obstacle is about to be got rid of with the purge in the large scale in this time.

But the thorn in Erdogan’s flesh is Fethullah GuLen who was a jurist on Islam and exiled himself to America.

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【The President Erdogan suppressed the coup d’etat】

《The national military force used to be the protector on the separation from politics to religion》

The juries used to be a sworn friend for Erdogan, but as Erdogan strengthened the authoritarian stance gradually, he broke away from Erdogan. He lives in America and calls the people in Turkey to be democratic.

He makes a strong effort to the education in Turkey for a long time, and maintains the influence over the educational people concerned, judges, and executives in the military force.

Erdogan government thought there is the juriest…

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The Erdogan government thought there was the jurist who had the power behind the throne, so started to wipe out the influence, so there is nothing which Erdogan fears. It seems that Turkey becomes the authoritarian state all together.

【Turkey has opposed to EU severely】

England announced the withdrawal from EU, and there is one more tough issue for EU. The relation between Turkey and EU becomes worse.

The President Erdogan in Turkey is about to form the plan on amendment of the constitution which strengthens the power on the President.

On the other hand, each nation in EU which….

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

On the other hand, each nation in EU which are worried about that the human rights become worse in Turkey tried to restrain the movement on Turkey.

Erdogan who was angry at it threatened EU he would send back the refugee who were sent from EU.

Turkey adhered to the policy on separation politics from religion since it was founded. It’s rare for the country in which there are lots of Muslims, but rapid Moslemization has been advanced under the President Erdogan. A woman was forbidden to wear a scarf which is the symbol in Islam in an official place

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

But the wife of the President Erdogan turns up with wearing the scarf. Sale on alcoholic beverage is forbidden at night. New mosque has been constructed one after another around Istanbul, for the ambition on the President Erdogan is the revival of the Ottoman Empire which is the Empire for Islam.

It was the executives in the military force in Turkey who had the sense of crisis, for the military force in Turkey acknowledged itself as the protector on secularism who pursued the separation on politics from religion traditionally.

The policy on…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

The policy on Erdogan is the unity of politics and religion, but the part of executives in the military force was repulsive it, for it was against the spirit on foundation of Turkey and tried to cause the coup d’etat July in 2016, but failed in it.

Erdogan advanced to wipe out the opposition activities, and the large amount of public officers, teachers and the people concerned on the military force were dismissed. Its finishing is the amendment of constitution. Abolishing the Prime Minister Office and compiling the draft revision. It’s the President…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

The draft revision is that the President is the head of state and at the same time being able to reign as the top on administration. In the draft on new constitution, the President can issue a Presidential decree and to run the country, and it’s possible to announce emergency for a long time. It‘s stipulated being able to grasp almighty power which isn’t bound by any kind of law when being in emergency.

The referendum whether the draft on amendment was admitted or not was carried out in 2017 and was accepted. The Turkish who live outside Turkey can…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

The Turkish who live outside Turkey can join in the referendum, and Turkey admits to have a dual nationality, even if having the nationality on other country, there are lots of people who had the nationality on Turkey.

The Erdogan government made a plan to send cabinet members each place in Europe so as to ask the Turkish outside Turkey to vote in favor of the amendment of constitution, but there are some countries which refused that the cabinet members come into there.

For example, the foreign minister of Turkey tried to go into Holland in 2017…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

…but the foreign minister was refused to go into Holland, for Holland feared the opposition in Turkey was brought up inside Holland. On the other hand, Erdogan called Holland all names.

Why can Erdogan make a bold remark like that? He knows if Turkey is angry, each nation in EU will be in difficulty. It’s the problem on refugees.

《We’ll send back the refugees!》

It was from 2015 to 2016 when lots of refugees rushed to Europe from Syria where the civil war continued. Europe was flooded with some a million of refugees then, not only the ones from…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

《We’ll send back the refugees!》

…not only the refugees and immigrants from Syria but the others from the Middle East and North Africa. When looking at the confusion, the Prime Minister in Germany expressed Germany would accept all the refugees who wanted to come to Germany, the large amount of refugees and immigrants came to Germany. Its number was more than eight hundred thousand.

As each nation in EU of which center was Germany were in difficulty in regard to the torrent of the refugees, they asked Turkey to cooperate with them, for lots of the…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

《We’ll send back refugees!》

…for lots of refugees from Syria smuggled themselves into Syria, crossing the Mediterranean Sea by ship and travelled the Balkan Peninsula, then go into each nation in EU.

Refugees who are over three million have already stayed at Turkey. They aim at going into Europe. They are refugees through Turkey, so EU wanted them to come back to Turkey.

Thus the joint statement by EU and Turkey was put together in 2016. If refugees and immigrants came to Greece from Turkey, they will be sent back to Turkey and EU pays its cost.

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

《We’ll send back refugees!》

Then when Turkey accepts a one refugee from Syria, each nation in EU receives other refugee from Syria in Turkey and makes it settle down in Europe. If it’s just that driving back the refugees, it’s a humanitarian issue, and the burden and defrayment on Turkey is too big. If it turns out that it’s the refugee from Syria clearly, Turkey accepts them little by little. EU handed the fund of three billion euro to Turkey. It’s equal to three hundred six billion yen in Japan.

When running our of the fund, EU would plan to help…

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

《We’ll send back refugees!》

…EU would plan to help Turkey with the fund of three billion euro still more. In short, it means that offering funds to Turkey and making Turkey accept refugees, but Turkey wants to request its return, asking EU to allow Turkey to join in EU.

Turkey hopes to join in EU and continues to negotiate with EU from 2005, but the talk between EU and Turkey doesn’t make a progress very well, for all the affiliated country in EU are from the area on Christianity. As to allowing Turkey to join in EU, EU is forced to have the sense …

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【Turkey has been opposed to EU severely】

《We'll send back refugees! 》

...EU is forced to have the sense of resistance, for there are lots of Muslims in Turkey. EU thought making Turkey accept refugees and tried to activate the procedure on joining in EU for Turkey, and it was agreed with that without having visa, the Turkish can make a voyage to Europe.

Erdpgan thought Turkey has made a sacrifice like that, but EU stuck its nose into the domestic issue in Turkey If complaining to Turkey, we'll send back refugees. it doesn't matter even if EU is in confusion. It's a threat, so EU has a ...

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…so EU has had a tough game.

【It’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

Brexit becomes bad or awful, it’s the heading of the newspaper on the financial times in England which expressed on the withdrawal of England from EU. Brexit is a coined word of combination of Britain and exit.

Bad or awful means bad or worst, being beyond of saving.

England would plan to withdraw from EU March in 2019. After that the Prime Minister Theresa May proposed the idea that England negotiate with EU on trade for three years, but the Lower House rejected it by overwhelming majority.

How does…

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【It’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

How does England withdraw from EU? Without having agreed with any treaty, is it done? I’m not sure of the situation at present. The author said like that. It was at the end of January in 2019 when the author wrote this book, 速すぎるニュースをゆっくり解説します.

There are two big problems in regard to the withdrawal from EU for England.

The first is what England should do the trade connection between England and EU. Even if without joining in EU, the trade is to do easily as long as joining in European Economic Area, EEA like Norway.

The Prime Minister May…

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【It’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

The Prime Minister May thought she wanted to adopt the way and to reduce the economic damage, but the ones who think England should withdraw from EU are different.
In spite that England has to pay the allotted charge, England doesn’t have a voice, so it’s meaningless.

The second is the border between North Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. To be exact, England is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It’s the official name on England. Northern Ireland lies at the northern east in Ireland Island, but it belongs to England

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【It’s worst. England would withdraw from EU】

The North Ireland conflict in regard to independence and reign over the North Ireland caused terrorism frequently by IRA which was the extremist, but both of England and Ireland joined in EU, IRA has accomplished its purpose, so there has been peaceful in both of the two countries.

But if withdrawing from EU, they need the border again, and the North Ireland conflict may have been ignited again. Don’t you find it strange? It’s natural, but were none of them aware of it when carrying out the referendum withdrawing from EU?

No, no one was.

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【It’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

When the discussion on withdrawal from EU was done, Boris Jhonson who was the mayor in London and in the right wing was involved in the withdrawal from EU. His nickname was Trump in England.

Though he stirred up withdrawal from EU, he didn’t run fro the election for the head on the conservative political party, and ran away from the withdrawal. After that, he was forced to stand in the breach on negotiation for withdrawal as foreign minister, but he resigned from the foreign minister.

It is doubtful whether or not he proposed the...

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【It’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

It is doubtful whether or not he proposed the withdrawal sincerely. Moreover, the English people didn’t think over the withdrawal from EU in earnest, especially the youth are in the generation being born in EU. EU has been founded in 1993, three decades have past.

When being born, there is EU near the youth, so they couldn’t think it’s possible to withdraw from EU. It seemed they underestimated the situation, so the voting rate on the youth for the referendum was very low.

When looking at how England is confused, supporting to the far right….

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【It’s worst. England would withdraw from EU】

…supporting the far right wing party has dropped at other countries in EU. Cautiousness not to mislead by nationalists who stir up its own nation is first has been heightened.

After going through the World War twice as bitter experience, EU is an experiment being based on the magnificent ideal of founding peaceful world where there is no war.

Abolishing borders, introducing unified currency and going and coming on people and things become free.

As being free, refugees flowed into EU, they have struggled between the ideal and reality.

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【it’s the worst. England would withdraw from EU】

Germany which is the leader in EU tried to undertake refugees, but couldn’t do it, and the Prime Minister Merkel resigned from the leader of the political party to which she belonged.

Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland joined in EU later and they don’t accept any refugees, so they are criticized because they’ve skimmed the cream alone. Actually refugees are passed onto Turkey which is adjacent to EU.

Withdrawal from EU by England is a big step which decides the place where the magnificent experiment moves.

I’m going to express the talk…

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【EU which is the aging society has wandered】

I’m going express the talk between the author and Emmanuel Todd who is a scholar on historical demography. He is a writer on best seller.

I ：Your new book, what is Charlie? is epoch making in Japan as well. The company of Charlie Hebdo which published a satire weekly magazine was attacked January in 2015 and the book of what is Charlie analyzed the demonstration by phobia on Islam which took place each place in France immediate after the attack.

A synchronized terrorism attack broke out at Paris November in the same year, and when it’s still…

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【EU which is an aging society has wandered】

I ：…and when it’s still fresh in our memories, serial terrorism occurred at Belgium March in 2016. When hearing of the information on the terrorism in which more than three thousand people were dead or injured, what kind of impression do you have?

E：My opinion has never changed basically, but both of France and Belgium need to exchange the Home Secretary as responsibility in the domestic order, but when looking at it from a bigger point of view, the economic growth has been stagnant in Europe, and the youth can’t see their future there. It’s the…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

E：It’s the most problematic, and when researching the terrorism which broke out repeatedly in details, we can find something interesting. Both of perpetrators in Belgium and France have brothers. Basic unit on the solidarity of family in immigrants from North Africa and Arab is the brother, but the solidarity turned to the criminal activity like the terrorism. There has been the tragedy there.

《From the inside the worst separated society》

I：What’s happened to immigrants?

E：As to flowing into immigrants from North Africa and Arab to France, there…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：…there are two steps. At first it’s the time when the economic growth was remarkable after the World War Ⅱ. The society in France used to have remaining energy enough to accept immigrants. Mixed marriage between races was popular. Ethnic distinction which immigrants used to have originally changed by assimilation policy positively, and immigrants got used to the society then.

What is the assimilation policy?

A strong, powerful and dominant cultural group makes weaker group or race accept its culture.

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：But in 1980s when the low growth era came, the social flow property was lost, and each social class learns to confine themselves to each of their community. In the situation in which the society was separated, the reality that brothers from immigrants work together and drift into crime. It is shown that it takes a toll from the society to the brother from immigrants which is the weakest position in the society. Both of Belgium and France have the French language in common, but as to a series of terrorism….

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：…but as to a series of terrorism crimes it is important for us to pay attention to the difference between France and Belgium. Both of them have lots of immigrants in common, but the way of responding to immigrants is so different. In France they teach the French and their culture to immigrants and adopted assimilation policy so as to make them the French, but in Belgium where the one who speaks the French is mixed with the one who speak the Dutch, they adopts multiculturalism originally and each of them …

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：….and each of them forms their own community separately there.

I：I’ve been to the area where lots of immigrants lived in Brussels so as to interview on the synchronized terrorism attack in Paris. Then I asked an immigrant from North Africa. Instead of France, he adopted Belgium. I asked him, why? He said when being in France, he was forced to learn the French, but when being in Belgium, he could live there as he was. It’s the same as you said.

E：Brussels is wonderful and comfortable place, but on the…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：…but on the other hand, it’s the town where the ethnicity becomes so hard. For example, if trying to speak the French in the area where the language in Dutch is spoken, I felt a pressure as if I had wanted to make an excuse I’m a French. When going into a cafe in the area of Dutch, a waiter said to me in French fluently there, he served me in French, for I was the French, but if I was a Belgian, he couldn’t serve me like that. The separated communities are obsessed with the idea that they have to maintain…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：The separated communities are obsessed with the idea that they have to maintain their culture and identity on their language. When immigrants come there and formed the community for the immigrants, how are immigrants affected then? We should think of it. The Belgians have been separated into each of their communities and got heated so as to protect their culture and language. If changing the way of looking at them, they are residents in the worst separated society, and their problem is more serious than…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：…and their problem is more serious than France where there is the failure on the assimilation policy so as to unify immigrants. Each nation in the whole north Europe has suffered from the same problem.

I：As to the series of terrorism in Belgium this time, how do the Belgium feel? Synchronized terrorism attack broke out in France before. Is there difference the way of thinking by the French and the way of Belgium?

E：There was a report that the Belgium largely responded to the terrorism calmly immediate…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：There is a report that the Belgium largely responded to the terrorism calmly immediate after, but it’s just superficial way. Terrorism has broken out lately repeatedly, for example, the one which attacked school of Jew at Toulouse in France in 2012, the case on Sharile Hebdo in 2015, and synchronized terrorism attack in Paris. Immediate after the case on Sharile, the big protest on anti terrorism, putting up a placard, saying, I am Sharile, broke out, and the ones who participated in the protest thought…

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：and the ones who joined in the protest thought it was significant then, but if the movement doesn’t live up so much, it seems they feel of the sense of helplessness because they can’t find something significant on the protest. As to the point, there is no difference between France and Belgium.

I：The group of extreme right broke in the memorial gathering on the series of terrorism in Belgium, yelling they praised Hitler, ostracizing immigrants, and the group of policemen got rid of them. It was a commotion

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【EU which is aging society has wandered】

《From inside the worst separated society》

E：Elites, and leaders in Europe has been at a loss completely at present. The one who seems to be the perpetrator who was only the survivor on the terrorism in Paris was caught in Belgium, and everybody was relieved, for the situation reached the stage where they could take a rest, but the terrorism broke out in Belgium this time. In addition the problem on refugees for years is serious as well. In Germany which has suffered from the problem of declining birthrate, Merkel expressed accepting refugees actively.

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