Let's enjoy English 13th

【Japanese and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

…so we could get the common language in which everyone could talk with each other in the whole nation, then common consciousness as the Japanese were formed gradually.

《There is none of identity as the Japanese which comes through times》

Then it becomes doubtful of existence on the Japanese identity and spirituality. Actually the spirituality like what is called 大和魂 was added to later.

For example, around the time of the Great East Asia War, when adopting the idea that our Japan which is the greatest in Asia will going to enlighten..

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【Japanese and the Japanese. Why and how were born? 】

《There is none of identity as the Japanese who comes through》

…when adopting the idea that our Japan which is the greatest in Asia will going to be enlighten ignorance countries, the idea of Japanese nation and 大和民族 came out then.

Japan has history in which people came from various areas and mixed up each other. Some of them were Ainu, and others were Ryukyu, especially Ryukyu used to be an independent kingdom long ago. It entered into diplomatic relation with Satsuma and China as independent nation, but being invaded by Satsuma, and…

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【Japanese and the Japanese. Why and how were we born?】

《There is none of identity which comes through Asia》

…and changing into colony, then being incorporated into Japan as Okinawa prefecture. If calling them the Japanese nation in a lump, it’s a political addition.

For example, even us who were born in modern times are interested in what is called boasting about our countries. In TV, a program which introduces each of speciality and features from fourty seven prefectures are hilarious. In short, we have consciousness that each of forty seven prefectures are all different.

Though all of…

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【Japan and the Japanese. Why and how were we born? 】

《There is none of identity which comes through the Japanese》

Though all of us are aware of it, we’re satisfied with a single rabel of the Japanese somehow, for varied propaganda and systems which were made under process for the war has been deeply rooted still more.

《How is made the sense of nationhood made? 》

The author expressed the concept of the Japanese and identity of the Japanese have been made extremely politically later on.

Then how should we think about patriotism? The problem appears.

Educational basic law has been revised…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《How is the sense of nationhood made? 》

Educational basic law has been revised in the first Shinzo Abe Cabinet. In the process of the argument, whether or not patriotism put into the draft revision was an issue. Various opinions were present, but the language of loving our nation and our hometown has been taken in. In short, bringing up patriotism and loving for our hometown is an educational target.

Everyone has affection for the place where being born and being raised. It’s the same for the people overseas, but patriotism which we …

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《How is the sense of nationhood made? 》

…but patriotism of loving our nation tends to be born under political ground. For example, Yugoslavia which formed after the World War Ⅱ divided into several nations after the Cold War in 1991.

Yugoslavia used to be a nation as if it had been made of mosaic, for their language, race, religion were different, but various nations came into one under Tito who was charismatic leader and unified nation formed after the World War Ⅱ.

Until then the people who thought they were Serbians, Croatians changed

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《How is patriotism made? 》

They learned to think they were the Yugoslavian. In short, the sense of nationhood was born then. Though Yugoslavia collapsed, there seemed to be lots of people who thought they were the Yugoslavian.

The people whose origin were different gathered in Iran, for example, the Kurdish, Arabian, Suni, Shia. When Iran. Iraq war broke out, Iraq attacked Iran. Lots of Islamic Shia lived in east of Iran near to Iraq. There are lots of holy places for Shia in Iran. The side of Iran thought Islamic Shia in Iraq took side…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《How is the sense of nationhood made? 》

The side of Iran thought Islamic Shia took side with Iran as Islamic Shia, but they didn’t. There was sense of nationhood that they were Iraqi, so even if the same Shia, they fought for their nation.

Thus if the nation planted the sense of nationhood from above, companion consciousness is sometimes born as a unit on nation without being aware of it. We the Japanese have learned to be conscious as the Japanese after several enforcement of policy after the Meiji Restoration.

《What is sound… 》

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《What is sound patriotism? 》

Can we plant all the patriotism or the sense of nationhood from above? It’s not always right.
The author said he was from Nagano prefecture. When talking with other people who were from other prefecture, he feel like backing up his hometown somehow. We make much of our hometown.

When going abroad, beyond consciousness of loving for our hometown, the feeling that we love Japan rises from our heart. Instead of being pressed down from above, there is some patriotism we feel automatically.

Sound patriotism …

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【Japanese and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《What is sound patriotism? 》

Sound patriotism isn’t imposed on us from above, but all of us have it automatically. For example, we support a Japanese team in the Olympic game, but we aren’t imposed on us from others.

Though we aren’t aware of the rising sun flag usually, we are conscious of our national flag automatically in the Olympic and all of us support Japan. That kind of consciousness was born. The author said there is sound patriotism which emerges from us automatically.

On the other hand, if trying to make use of the …

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【Japanese and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《What is sound patriotism? 》

If trying to make use of patriotism politically, it inclines to something uncomfortable soon. For example what is called hate speech. Demonstration adopting discriminational remark to the Korean or the Korean residing in Japan has been done in Toko.

The ones who join in the demonstration try to maintain their sense of superiority by showing contempt for others. It‘s a distorted patriotism. If we who have lived in the same national land rally round Japan and our nation becomes rich, there is reward for…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《What is sound patriotism? 》

…after all there is reward for each of us. It doesn’t always mean that the nation and an individual aren’t separated. If Japan is active, the individual is the same. The individual has to be fine so as that Japan has to be active. The relation between the nation and the individual is give and take. If thinking like that, the consciousness of doing best all of us the Japanese together could have emerged from us automatically.

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay for》

Actually all…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay for》

Actually all of us the Japanese worked together after the World War Ⅱ and rallied Japan, so Japan of which national land became a burned field due to the World War Ⅱ accomplished impressive growth.

For example, the product made in Japan has been received synonymous with high quality overseas, but it used to be synonymous with you get what you pay for from the World War Ⅰ to the World War Ⅱ was over.

Europe was the battlefield in the World War Ⅰ, various orders came…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay for》

…various orders came from Europe to Japan then. Japan had to deliver a large amount of product as soon as possible, the quality on the product took a buck-burner 二の次. For example, buttons on a dress shirt were stuck with paste, so if trying to put on it, the buttons dropped from the dress shirt one after another. It’s seemingly a finished product, but…

Or putting something heavy like nail or stone into marine product so as to increase its weight was done. It’s almost…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay for》

It’s almost deceiving.

As the Japanese did its best after the World War 2 in order to do away with the bad image, the Japanese product becomes the present made in Japan. The appreciation to the made in Japan turned back gradually after the rapid economic growth from the World War Ⅱ.

The people who don’t know Japan in the past may have thought Japanese product has been good from long ago, but it’s in the wrong.

Then Toyota planed export its automobile into America at…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay》

Toyota used to plan to export its automobile into America at the time of the rapid economic growth and made its automobile run at an expressway in America. When its speed became 100 kph, the automobile started shake so violently that the automobile seemed to be about to take apart, so they stopped the automobile in a haste. There is an episode like that. We can’t imagine it from the present Toyota, but that kind of time used to be.

自動車 is a title of a book written by…

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【Japan, and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay》

自動車 is a title of book written by Arthur Hailey. There is a scene that an American motor company tried research the quality on Japanese automobile. When a Japanese motorcar was on sale, buying it and disbanding even small parts, and lined up all of them on the ground. Then there were the conversation like the nest.

Hey, please look at it. What a low level it is. A Japanese motorcar is as if it were a poor motorcycle.

Its original work was sold in 1971. The appreciation…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Made in Japan used to be synonymous with you get what you pay》

The appreciation on made in Japan wasn’t so high then, but American big three motor companies were defeated by a Japanese motor company before long. When thinking of the reversal, how amazing the Japanese made effort after the World War Ⅱ! Their effort has built the made in Japan at present.

《Japan which has been loved overseas》

When going overseas, the author said he realized the efforts or difficulty on predecessors bore fruit. For example, when going Africa, local…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Japan which has been loved overseas》

…local people misunderstood the author for a Chinese and said hello, but at the moment understanding he was a Japanese, their attitude changed at once. They approached him with a smile suddenly, or talked to the author in a friendly way.

As having little money, they have bought a cheap car, but the car broke at once. It’s you get what you pay like the Japanese product in the World War Ⅰ.

On the other hand, a Japanese product is expensive, but it lasts a long time, so it proved to be inexpensive.

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Japan which has been loved overseas》

The Chinese have advanced into Africa at a quite pace and behaved outrageously, so lots of African felt unpleasant, but the Japanese were different. There has been the appreciation like that.

China has assisted Africa in varied way at present, but when trying to build a road and leaving the construction work to the Africans, its efficient was bad and the finished look wasn’t good, so taking a large amount of the Chinese from China, and leaving all the work to them. Then inn, dining hall, and dry…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Japan which have been loved overseas》

Then almost all of things like inn, restaurant, dry cleaners were made by the Chinese. In short, the road is completed, less money is spent there for the local people.

On the other hand, when Japan assists overseas, we always adopt the way of lots of money is spent for the local people, so the Japanese are loved. When being overseas, the author realizes like that.

He said he felt affection in Jordan. He went to a refugee camp at Seira in Jordan so as to collect information with a newscaster.

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Japan which have been loved overseas》

Then they split up and the announcer was misunderstood for a Chinese and was tried to be struck.

Syrian refugees have been oppressed by the Assad government, and China supports the Assad government, so China is enemy for the anti government force. Therefore, when being misunderstood for a Chinese, being about to be hit, but the moment being understood a Japanese, their attitude becomes friendly.

Japan has been appreciated highly both in African and in the Middle East because of the effort by…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

Japan has been appreciated both in Africa and the Middle East due to the effort by the predecessors.

《Difference between China, Korean and South East Asia》

Though being unable to improve the relation between Korean, China and Japan easily, South East Asia isn’t always anti Japan.

Japan occupied Singapore and Indonesia and killed lots of local people during the war, but Singapore and Indonesia don’t appeal anti Japanese so much. Japan has been loved by them like Africa and the Middle East. Why is there difference like that?

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【Japan and the Japanese. Why and how were we born? 】

《Difference between Korea, China, and South East Asia》

It is certain that Japan invaded into South East Asia and did a bad thing to them, but after the war, we apologized deeply and paid lots of money on compensation during the war. Local people know various things were made by the compensation in their country, and they seemed to think it’s the past, so there has been ordinary diplomatic relation between the countries in South East Asia and Japan.

Moreover, those countries accomplished their independence by making a sacrifice.

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Difference between China, Korea, and South East Asia》

As they are proud of it they don’t have to make identity for their country by emphasizing anti Japan.

On the other hand, China said it didn’t need the money on compensation, but Japan has the history of assisting China so much as ODA for a long time after the war, but it has never been informed to the Chinese.

As to Korea, when concluding basic relation treaty between Japan and Korea in 1956, instead of the money on compensation, Japan paid a large amount of money with the form…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Difference between Korea, China, and South East Asia》

…Japan paid a large amount of money with the form of economic cooperation, or congratulatory money for independence. What was the money for? Its nominal was vague, but it was paid for apology. The money has made Korean economy develop, but the Korean don’t think so.

There has been the background that being based on mythology of founding nation, both China and Korea did anti Japan education, but there is none of the education in South East Asia like that.

Whether or not anti Japan…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

Whether or not anti Japan education was done will influence over the relation between Japan and both of China and Korea from now on.

《Recognizing itself or its country from the relation among others》

The more dating back in the past, the vaguer the actual condition on Japan or the Japanese becomes, but if being imposed on us from above, or looking back at ourselves by watching other country as mirror, we recognize we are the Japanese.

It seems to be back and forth from there it is to there it isn’t, so the recognition on its country…

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Recognition on itself or its country from the relation among others》

…so the recognition on its country is very hard, but there is the same thing for each of us, isn’t it? What are ourselves? When thinking of it by ourselves, sometimes it isn’t clear, but when contacting with others, we sometimes see what we are for the first time.

If each of us was born alone, and being a grown-up like that, there is no idea of our own name. There are others, and comparing us with them, we learn to be aware of our name. The country of Japan is the same

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【Japan and the Japanese. When and how were we born? 】

《Recognition itself or its country from the relation among others》

If Japan alone has existed, the name of Japan isn’t necessary. As there is others, as the other countries are there, we can be aware that we’re the Japanese, the pride as the Japanese is born.

It’s the end of seven liberal arts at present. What kind of existence is myself? Where have we come from? Where are we going? The author said he thought the contents of the seven subjects from problems like religion, science and history.

The human has been thinking on the same…

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『A thing like an epilogue』

The human has been thinking on the same problems from a long ago and founding the learning system on religion, science and history from there. Learning is always done from the accumulation in the past as groundwork. Sometimes history is written differently, and new scientific discovery is born, but there is always the accumulation or the groundwork in the past there. Rethinking on the past, the learning develops and becomes good.

There is a large amount of accumulation on the past in front of us at present, and make use of it, we can found more abundant society…

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…we can found more abundant society, or life. Not only receiving but making use of for the present time, we try to found a better society, better life. It’s the value on the liberal arts.

I’m going to start new topic. It’s written in 2016. I’m not sure whether it’s interesting or not, whether it’s appropriate or not, for the situation seems to change from then, though I’ve seldom watch a news program, so first of all I can’t recognize the situation itself very well.

If I don’t think I find it interesting, I’m going to stop at once. When buying it it’s the latest information then…

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【Preface】

History moves by the work of people. The course on the history moves by not only lots of anonymous people but by the ones who are individualistic and powerful extremely.

The author said he was going to pick up people who forms the history from now on and think, how they moved the history in the past, and how they do in the future. The title of the book, 世界を動かす巨人たち　政治家編 池上彰.

He said he choose those people from his own judgement. There may have been opinion that they are different, or there is other one, but please read it. It doesn’t always mean that he is fascinated with them.

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Whether one like it or not, they are influential ones, so the author adopted them, he said like that.

【Vladimir Putin who tries to reignite the confrontation between East and West】

The first is Vladimir Putin.

Russia annexed Crimean Peninsula, in the next year in 2015, Putin said he prepared for nuclear force in the situation of war preparation in the TV program. The Cold War between East and West was over, but he used the nuclear force as threat at present, we’re forced to shock at it.

It seems Russia have a hunger to come back the glory on the Soviet Union long ago under Putin.

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【Vladimir Putin】

He doesn’t stop the military support to the armed force on pro Russia at east in Ukraine, we can see his ambition.

Statesmen and journalists who criticized Putin died mysteriously one after another in Russia under ruled by Putin.

What kind of person is Putin? The author said he was going to start from his upbringing.

《Trauma on besieging Lenin gland》

The place where Putin was born was called Lenin gland at the time of Soviet Union. It used to be the capital in the Imperial Russia, and used to be called Saint. Petersburg then. It was built by Peter the Great. He named…

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Trauma on besieging Lenin Gland》

The place was named after Saint Petros whose name was the same as Peter the Great.

It’s near from Sweden or Finland, the Soviet government which founded by Russia Revolution in 1917 feared the interference from outside, and moved its capital to Moscow which was far away from the land border.

The town which was far away from the center of the politics was named Lenin Gland in 1924, it means the town of Lenin. Under the process that Soviet was going to collapse, residents asked for the original name, and its name returned to Saint...

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Trauma besieging Lenin Gland》

…and its name returned to Saint Petersburg in 1991.

German military force invaded into Lenin Gland and surrounded before eleven years Putin was born, and closed all the roads to Lenin Gland September in 1941. It continued for some two years. Lots of residents were dead thanks to without stopping bombardment, cold and hunger. Its number is estimated more than a million.

The town where the German military force surrounded became fuel shortage due to the coldness in winter, so furniture and books were burned so as to warm themselves up.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Trauma which besieging Lenin Gland》

Putin who was born in the town in 1952 brought up in the situation in which horrible scene remained strongly. How they suffered from miserable situation, Putin could have heard from his parents. He had two brothers but both of them were dead before he was born, especially the second one was dead for sickness under the besieging by the German military force.

Without being strong, being unable to protect its own safety. This lesson must have been imprinted into the brain of Putin when he was a boy. How did he live when he was young?

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Trauma which besieging Lenin Gland》

There is an official autobiography for Putin. It was made by a purpose. A businessman made journalist write the autobiography so as to appeal Putin to the Presidential election. He had a secure foothold in the Yeltsin Government before Putin one and built enormous wealth.

How far is the autobiography accurate? There are unclear parts. It means that it’s written for what Putin wants to be known alone. As a result things which weren’t written in the autobiography spread out as rumor.

It’s Putin is …

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【Vladimir Putin】

The rumor is Putin was adopted after his brother were dead when he was nine, but there is no evidence which is affirmative. When looking at the pictures of his parents, he is the very image of them, so it seems to be groundless.

《His boyhood》

Putin emphasized that he used to be wild and reckless in the boyhood in the official autobiography. Boys were to join in Pioneer which was a group organized by boys under the communist party under Soviet Union. The boys were to wrap red neckerchief around neck, but Putin was bad behavior and teachers have difficulty in handling him

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【Vladimir Putin】

《His boyhood》

Putin couldn’t join in the Pioneer. He seemed to be one of a few who didn’t wrap the red neckerchief in his class, but a turning point came to him when he was thirteen. He learned to put his effort into study and was allowed to join in the Pioneer.

His friends said he was notorious for aggressive. He began to learn sambo at age of fourteen. When fighting he used its skill. The sambo is Russian martial arts combining wresting to Judo to Karate, but he turned to Judo which is one of Olympic events. The relation between him and Japan was born from there.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《His boyhood》

Then people who look at him with a friendly way have increased, for he loves Judo, but it is said that when having trouble with a rouge or the one whose behavior wasn’t good, he used techniques of judo or sambo and threw away them. He seems to fly into a rage.

《Longing for a spy》

Putin belonged to KBG which is organization of spy at the time of Soviet. It is well known. Lots of executives in the Putin Government were his acquaintance in KGB. The chance that he joined in KGB was watching a movie which was broadcast on spy from TV when he was fifteen.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Longing for a spy》

It‘s main character was an officer belonged to KGB at the time of Nazis. He took into action in Germany as spy. When watching it, young Putin yearned for the spy, KGB. In fact his father also used to work as spy against Germany. It may have something to do with it.

Young Putin thought he wanted to join in KGB, so visited KBG branch of Lenin Gland. He asked the man who came out so as to deal with him. He wanted to work for KGB in the future. What should he do so as to be the staff of KGB? As to the situation, Putin himself said like the next.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Longing for a spy》

The man who appeared in front of young Putin advised him like the next.

KGB doesn’t adopt the one who applies for KGB for itself. If Putin worked for KGB, he should go to universe or join in the army.

Putin asked him, what kind of university should he go? The man answered law school was hopeful, so Putin aimed at going into the law school in Lenin Gland. The university was the top class in Soviet, the odds of going into the university was forty %, but he could break through the obstruction and went into the university.

If what he said was right…

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Longing for a spy》

…the man who belonged to KGB advised the boy very warmly with who he was unfamiliar. In fact when Putin become the senior, an unidentified man contacted with him. The unidentified man hid his affiliation. If he had to conceal his affiliation, it must have been KGB, sure enough, he was an officer in KGB. It’s a kind of interview, and the officer judged Putin was suited for the spy, so Putin could find a work.

Putin’s ex-wife used to be a flight attendant in a domestic line. When being married he hid he was the staff in KBG, and pretended be a policeman.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Longing for a spy》

When he got divorce in 2013, he made it clear at an interview in a domestic broadcasting.

On the other hand, a popular newspaper splashed its story about Putin’s girl friend in Moscow in 2004. It was reported that President Putin would get divorce and get remarried soon. The woman who was reported as his girl friend was a gold medalist at Athene Olympic. When it was reported, Putin was fifty five, she was twenty four.

By the way, the newspaper which published the article was forced to cease its publication by drawing anger from its owner. The reporter…

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Longing for a spy》

What happened to the reporter who wrote the article?

After three years when he came out of his apartment house in Moscow, he was attacked by someone, and was mortally injured, though being saved from death.

The gold medalist who was in the middle of the scandal gave birth to a baby boy in 2009, a baby girl in 2012, though she has been unmarried. Who are their father? It has never been announced, but lots of people seem to imagine the face of a Russian who loves Judo, I’m wondering.

《KGB made him go to East German》

When being in KBG, he was assigned …

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【Vladimir Putin】

《KGB made him go to East Germany》

…he was assigned at the branch in Lenin Gland and after receiving introducing course at Moscow, he was assigned at Dresden in East Germany in 1985. He is good at German, so he was cultivated as German personnel, but the place where he was assigned was not Berlin where he longed for, not the Soviet Embassy in West Germany but Dresden.

His job was unpretentious, watching foreign international student in Dresden technical university or recruiting them as spy.

《Facing the collapse on East Germany》

Berlin Wall collapsed November in 1989.

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Facing the collapse East Germany》

It was shocking event for Putin.

Residents flooded to Dresden branch in the Secret Police and demanded to come in, for they request the secret police which watched them to disband. KBG branch where Putin worked and the secret police faced each other.

Putting went to the crowd by himself and asserted them, if coming into the site more, he’d open fire so as to protect the building. His spirit repelled them. It turned out that he had power of manhood.

He witnessed that the nation collapsed, and the secret police learned not to function then

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【Vladimir Putin】

《Facing collapsing East Germany》

The tragedy could have been imprinted into his mind deeply. Besieging Lenin Gland by German military force and collapse on the East Germany. Both of them could have been trauma for Putin.

As both of East and West Germany have been unified, Dresden branch in KBG didn’t function, so Putin came back to Lenin Gland. He learned to work Lenin Gland university which was university he went to as aid for dean, though he remained the officer on KBG. He may have been assigned to role of watching Lenin Gland university

Then he made friend with Sobchak…

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【Vladimir Putin】

Then he made friend with Sobchak professor who taught him in university. The professor was well known as reformist then. After that Putin took into action with him and went into the political world.

《Going into the political world》

Putin handed his letter of resignation to KGB in 1990. He may have got disgusted with KGB at the end of Soviet, though the truth has never been clear. Sobchak was elected the mayor in Lenin Gland in 1991, Putin was appointed dupery mayor in the next year.

As he played an important role under the mayor, they called him a gray cardinal which is…

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