Science,English,and math 8th

【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《The one who doesn’t always mean get nervous, but its heart is pounding, why?》

The amount of the blood is equal to a tank truck of which capacity is ten thousand liter.

The amount of blood for supplying is depends on, it changes so much, according to the condition on the body.

For example, when taking exercise violently, the heart rate goes up, the heart is so painful that the heart is pounding. Then the amount of blood which is sent from the heart increases with a single pulsation.

Taking exercise makes the amount of blood...

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《The one who doesn’t always mean get nervous, but its heart is pounding, why?》

Taking exercise makes the amount of blood which is sent from the heart increases. It’s maximum reaches no less than 35 liter a minute, so it’s seven times when having some rest.

Except that the heart rate goes up with the exercise, our heart sometimes pounds. When having surprised at something, or our heart skips a beat with something happy, it beats faster than when being calm, it’s pounding.

The pounding is caused by one of hormone in the brain.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《The one who doesn’t always mean get nervous, but its heart is pounding, why?》

When there is moderate hormone in the brain, we can spend our time pleasantly by staying on our guards with a feeling of tension, at the same time, concentration and positiveness are born in our feeling.

But if there is the hormone in the brain too much, we feel uneasy, or being in manic state. If it’s not enough, we get the blues, falling into depression easily.

When the brain receives the stimulation like surprise or excitement for something happy…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry on a human body】

《The one who doesn’t always mean get nervous, but its heart is pounding, why?》

…then the hormone in the brain is caused. It’s released from the end of sympathetic nerve. It causes stimulation in the cell of cardiac muscle, it shrinks faster or stronger than as it is, so our heart is pounding.

The hormone in the brain is two kinds. The one is noradrenaline, it plays a role on activating consciousness and thought. The other is adrenaline. It circulates all over the whole body and sends a signal for excitement to each of internal organs.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《The one who doesn’t always mean get nervous, but its heart is pounding, why?》

Even if the nerves are cut in the heart, it continues a work of shrinkage and relaxation regularly, it has autonomy, so heart translation is possible.

《Why is urine yellow?》

Speaking of the color on urine, it’s basically yellow, though it is thinner or deeper sometimes. Its main component is yellow pigment including in bile 胆汁.

The yellow pigment melts in the water easily, and passes from kidney through bladder 膀胱 and comes out from the body with urine.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry on a human body】

《Why is urine yellow?》

Moreover lots of food which melt in the water easily happen to be yellow, as a result, the urine becomes yellow.

On the other hand, lots of other colors which are included in the food or drink don’t melt in the water easily. Both of large molecules which make the color on coffee brown and other pigment in tomato which makes the color on the tomato red almost don’t melt in the water.

The color on the urine looks thinner or deeper sometimes. Why? One of reason is concentration, the less the urine is, the…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry on a human body】

《Why is urine yellow?》

The less the urine is, the deeper its color becomes, the more the urine is, the thinner its color becomes.

One more reason is related to color of food and drink which we eat or drink. When eating lots of orange which has yellow pigment and melts in the water easily or drinking deep green tea, their component makes the color on the urine changes into deeper yellow.

In addition, a group of lots of vitamin B which melts in the water is also yellow. The vitamin which is necessary for the human body is fixed.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Why is urine yellow?》

When the vitamin is too much, it’s excreted with urine, so the color of yellow becomes deeper still more.

Raw urine is made in kidney, and its amount reaches 160 liters a day, but almost all of the part is absorbed in urinary blood vessel, so the amount of urine is no more than 1.5 liter.

《Type a, type b, or bird influenza…why does the influenza rage?》

Virus on influenza is infected, so the symptom on influenza is shown. It’s smaller than bacteria, and its structure is simple. It has DNA which has…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry on a human body】

《Type a, type b, or bird influenza…why does influenza rage?》

The bacteria has DNA which has genetic information and thin film on protein alone, so it can’t reproduce by itself, and is parasitic on a person or animal literally, increases. The virus on influenza has RNA, so we call it the virus of RNA.

If comparing the virus of RNA with DNA virus, mutation happens to cause easily when increasing, especially the influenza virus happen to cause the mutation more easily than other RNA virus.

To make matters worse, we can’t expect…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry on a human body】

《Type a, type b, or bird influenza…why does influenza rage?》

…we can’t expect the time when the virus mutates and the next new influenza is born, and what kind of feature it has.

In the first place, when a material which is different from itself goes into the human body, the human body makes antibody within its body and defends itself from the material. The material which exists outside of a pathogen is called antigen 抗原.

When mutating, the virus has different antigen from the original one, so the human body can’t defend from the...

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Type a, type be, or bird influenza…why does influenza rage?》

…so the human body can’t defend from the virus, as a result, the influenza spreads.

Influenza has two types, the one is a seasonal, and the other is a new type. The one which we call type a, or type be is the seasonal one. The antigen of the influenza changes slightly and spreads every place in the world every year. Type a spreads so much, on the other hand, type c doesn’t.

Its vaccination is produced every year, according to a expectation which seems to be spread, so…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Type a, type be, or bird influenza…why does influenza rage?》

…so we should vaccinate every year.

Sometimes the virus of influenza of which antigen changes so much appears and spreads all over the world. It’s the new type of influenza. As we don't have any antibody against the new type in our body, lots of people are infected more than the seasonal one.

In the 21st century, a gigantic virus which defies conventional wisdom appears one after another.

What’s the antibody? There is the antigen in the specific alien substance, and…

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…and the antibody unites with the antigen, and getting rid of the antigen from the human body.

《We don’t always overeat nor overdrink, but sometimes suffer from gastric ulcer 胃潰瘍. Why? 》

A stomach digests itself with some causes and mucous membrane in the inner wall or its under part which we call a muscular layer are damaged, and they are missing. It’s the gastric ulcer.

Gastric fluid mainly digests protein. The protein is decomposed into smaller molecule by the gastric fluid. We call the small molecule peptone, but when being absorbed from the inner wall on digest tube into the body…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《We don’t always overeat nor overdrink, but sometimes suffer from gastric ulcer. Why?》

When being absorbed into the body, it’s still too big, so pancreatic juice is secreted from duodenum 十二指腸, and discomposed the peptone into other molecule which is amino acid.

However the stomach is made with protein, and the gastric fluid has enough power to discompose the inner wall on the stomach, but needless to say, the gastric fluid has mucus which covers and protects the inner wall.

The gastric fluid is composed with three kinds.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《We don’t always overeat nor overdrink, but sometimes suffer from gastric ulcer. Why?》

Pepsinogen which decomposes protein, hydrochloric acid 塩酸, and mucus. Gastric fluid is made up with those three kinds. Each of three is secreted from different gastric glands. Three of them are well balanced, but its balance is broken, we suffer from gastric ulcer. There has been the theory from the in the past. We call it a balance theory, but a new theory has appeared recently. It’s helicobacter pylori ピロリ菌.

Pylori secretes poisonous…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《We don’t always overeat nor overdrink, but sometimes suffer from gastric ulcer. Why?》

Pylori secretes poisonous substance, and the poisonous substance issues a wrong signal to the cell membrane on the stomach, so the cell on the stomach is peeled off. Then the tissue on the stomach is exposed to the gastric fluid and digestive enzyme direct, so we suffer from the gastric ulcer.

It is said the pylori came out with excrement and other people are infected with the pylori from their mouth in filthy environment.

It doesn’t always mean…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《We don’t always overeat nor overdrink, but sometimes suffer from gastric ulcer. Why?》

It doesn’t always mean that all of the ones who have pylori suffer from the gastric ulcer. It is said half of the Japanese are asymptomatic carriers on the pylori, but the ones who suffer from the gastric ulcer is no more 4% in the asymptomatic carrier.

The rest of 96% coexists with the pylori. Why does it happen? When trying to express its reason clearly, it has been thought the balance theory is effective.

《Why do we suffer from cancer?》

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Why do we suffer from cancer?》

When normal cell divides, something unusual happens and something unusual develops into the cancer.

As to cell division, the cell which is the same as the original one is regenerated usually, but sometimes copying happens to be in the wrong. Why does it happen?

Radiation, chemical substance, a habit of smoking, carcinogen 発癌物資, or virus on the cancer affect DNA in gene, so we suffer from the cancer.

Thus as the cancer is apt to cause easily in a place where new cells are born, so in other places…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Why do we suffer from cancer?》

…so in other places where the cell division isn’t done like the heart, skeletal muscle, or brain cells in a grownup the cancer isn’t caused.

Something unusual happens in the gene, the gene makes normal cell change into the cancer. We call the it a cancer gene. To my surprise, more than a hundred kinds of cancer genes have been discovered.

Without activating as the cancer gene among normal cells, it plays a part which is necessary for our existence like differentiation or increase by the cell division.

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【What's happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Why do we suffer from cancer?》

But when something unusual happens, the difficult disease like the cancer is caused.

When cell is divided, while normal cell is limited, the cancer cell is limitless. The cancer cell can’t restrain for itself, and continues to divide forever.

When the cancer cell is born, the immune system in the human body attacks the cancer cell, so the large part of the cancer cell is dead, but the ones which can survive change its gene gradually and can survive in the end, though it is damaged.

In this way…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Why do we suffer from cancer?》

In this way, the cancer gene evolves strong, divides and increases more and more. Then the immune system in the human body can’t compete with the cancer gene, except for surgical treatment of removing by cutting, there is nothing effective.

《Lots of people get melancholy in springtime. Why do we suffer from hay fever?》

Hay fever is allergic disease, caused by pollen from various trees. In the first place we are healthy because of the immune system. When virus or bacteria go into the human body…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Lots of people get melancholy in springtime. Why do we suffer from hay fever?》

When virus or bacteria go into the human body, antibodies in the immune system subdues them and white blood cells get rid of them. 1mE is one of the antibodies.

1mE is united with mast cell 肥満細胞 which is a kind of white blood cells, chemical substance which is stored in the mast cell is secreted. It’s histamine, and the histamine is the one which protects the human body from allergy.

When alien substance like a pollen comes into the human body from…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Lots of people get melancholy in springtime. Why do we suffer from hay fever?》

When alien substance like a pollen comes into the human body from outside, the histamine expands capillary vessels 毛細血管, and prompts the work against allergen in the blood, moreover it makes flat muscle in the internal organ shrink, and prevents from allergen going other place in the body. The histamine tries to drive out the pollen from the human body as much as possible.

Then symptom on hay fever is caused. A sneeze is for blowing out the alien substance

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Lots of people get melancholy in springtime. Why do we suffer from hay fever?》

Snot and tears are caused for washing out the pollen. Congestion in the nose is a defense not to let alien substance enter in the body any more. Those things are mechanism on hay fever.

Allergic responses occur to specific people, for they have special 1mE antibody against allergen which they response to.

Allergic disease including hay fever has increased these forty years in the past, but it doesn’t mean that the people who have allergic tendency…

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《Lots of people get melancholy in springtime. Why do we suffer from hay fever?》

…it doesn’t always mean that the people who have allergic tendency increase, but the environment around us has changed so much that the people who didn’t suffer from hay fever have suffer from allergic symptom.

When histamine is excessive, the amount of blood which flows in the brain decreases, so losing consciousness and blood pressure drops extremely, and cardiac arrest is sometimes caused.

《There are some people whose knuckles crack. Why are those…》

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《There are some people whose knuckles crack. Why are those sound caused?》

They crack their knuckles, and the sound is caused by the popping air in the joint of knuckle on finger. The part where joints of finger faces is covered with a bag. We call it 関節袋. There is some liquid in the bag so as to move the joint smoothly.

As to the liquid, when the pressure drops in closed space, it has nature of generating air from the inside. As to the fingers, when their joints are bent or stretched, the pressure drops and bubbles are generated.

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【What’s happened to our body? Chemistry to a human body】

《There are some people whose knuckles crack. Why are those sound caused?》

When the fingers are stretched, the bubble is popped, and the sounds are caused. The place where the bubbles are popped is small, but the moment when the bubble is popped it is said more than 1 ton of power works then.

【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. If meats are grilled, it’s delicious. Why?》

Except for the ones who hate meat, speaking of steak, it’s a good thing to eat.
In the first place, when animal is dead…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. If the meats are grilled, it’s delicious. Why?》

…when the mammal is dead, its flesh becomes tough, for supplying air by breathing stops, and lactic acid 乳酸 generates from glycogen in the muscle, and osmotic pressure 浸透圧becomes big and water in the muscle is fixed.

What is the osmotic power? It happens in activity on cells of creature. When there are two kinds of water of which concentration is different side by side, the water moves so as to maintain its concentration.

After the mammal is dead, its muscle…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. When meats are grilled, it’s delicious. Why?》

When the mammal is dead, its muscle starts to digest for itself by enzyme of decomposing protein, and it becomes tender. Moreover, the protein is decomposed into amino acid, and what is called 旨味成分 was born, and its flavor becomes good, but it is still too tough to eat for us, for the muscle is covered with strong connective tissue of muscle fiber and collagen.

When the collagen is heated up, it shrinks, and after going on heating, the connective tissue like chain…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. When meats are grilled, it becomes delicious. Why?》

…and after going on heating, the connective muscle like chain cut, and changes into gelatin. Then the strong connective tissues becomes weak and the muscle fiber is loose, and the meat becomes tender.

One of heating is the way of cooking like grilling the steak. The activity of grilling has started when the human being found the fire, it’s a very old way of cooking. When happening to eat a dead meat in a forest fire, they found the way of cooking by chance.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. When meats are grilled, they become delicious, why?》

On the other hand, boiling and steaming have a history of no more than ten thousand years at most, and frying and stir-frying starts when we can master of using oil.

By the way, when collagen is grilled, it becomes tender, but myofibril 筋原繊維 becomes tough according to the nature on protein. Myofibril is minute fiber which makes up with muscle fiber.

Whether or not a steak is grilled well, it is decided a balance between two of them. The balance is how much…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Grilled meat, yakitori, and grilled pork. When meats are grilled, they become delicious, why?》

The balance is how much the collagen changes into gelatin and how much muscle fiber becomes tough.

When the steak is grilled well, it becomes brown, and causes melanoidin, for sugar and amino acid in the food becomes brown when they are heated. It’s an element of something delicious which is pleasant smelling like scorched part of boiled rice or 天ぷらの衣.

《Sake, shochu, wine, and whiskey. There is a brewed liquor 醸造酒 and distilled liquor. Why?》

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Sake, shochu, wine and whisky. There is a brewed liquor and distilled liquor 蒸留酒. Why are there two of them?》

It is said a fruit wine which we the human being drank for the first time as liquor. When grating apples with their skin, and making apple juice, and it was stored in jar, then happened to be fermented in the next day. It seemed that natural yeast which is necessary for alcohol fermentation happened to stick to the surface on the apple, so the apples started to ferment, and changed into liquor.

Sake brewing is classified into two ways.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition.】

《Sake, shochu, a brewed liquor and a distilled liquor. Why?》

Sake brewing is classified into two ways, according to its raw material, the material on glucose 葡萄糖, and on starch.

The material on glucose includes the glucose literally like fruits on apple and grape. Alcohol is fermented by yeast and apple wine or grape wine are completed.

On the other hand, material on starch is grain like rice, wheat, and corn. Or potatoes like a potato and sweet potato. Its principal component is starch.

The yeast which changes into liquor doesn’t usually eat starch.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Sake, shochu, a brewed liquor, and a distilled liquor. Why are there two of them?》

Then we can’t make alcohol ferment, so we need to use a process of saccharification 糖化, and we have to break down the starch, making the starch change into the glucose.

At first, using a mold and making a malt 麹 in Japan and South east Asia. Then an enzyme what is called amylase was made in the malt, and using the amylase, doing saccharification, so the glucose is made, after that, making the yeast ferment.

Mold in malt is clung to rice and malt is made. Then 清酒 is made

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【What I’ve thought】

As you know, I like drinking, but to tell the truth, I’m not interested in the process of making sake, it is shameful of me to say, but I’m not aware of delicate taste on liquor when drinking.

It’s all right unless it is so bad that going blind when drinking. I can’t overcome the temptation of drinking, but after drinking and being sober, I sometimes feel something guilty.

There is something important which I should have, but I can’t, for sake prevented me from doing. I repent of it. Art is long, but life is short, someone said like that, and I think so. Life is limited.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《It used to be milk, but why does cheese become solid?》

Cheese is fermented milk, made by using milk of cow, sheep, or goat. Making use of the milk started from some six thousand years ago, when the people at a meadow in Central Asia tamed domestic animals, and children of the people drink the milk of the domestic animals, taking it from animal pups, as to the origin on cheese, it is said like that.

There is secretory gland around udder or nipple on animal. Lots of lactic acid bacteria are active in the secretory gland, and the lactic acid bacteria…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《It used to be milk. Why does cheese become solid?》

…and the lactic acid bacteria repels harmful bacteria for the milk which is given to the animal pups, and defend them.

The lactic acid bacteria eats lactose 乳糖 in the milk, and makes lactic acid ferment, after that the lactic acid is come out from the body. It has antibacterial, and is acidic, prevents lots of putrefactive bacteria 腐敗菌 from increasing.

As a result, when being the fermented milk, the putrefactive bacteria are hard to go into, so we can preserve it for a long time, so yogurt and cheese…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《It used to be milk. Why does cheese become solid?》

…it is a reason why yogurt and cheese keep long.

Probably, the first fermented milk must have been semi solid, something soft, flabby like the yogurt. When eating the semi solid little by little, upper part of the rest one becomes solid a little after a few days, and liquid like water exudes around it.

If trying to stir them with a stick well so as to be even, it starts to divide into solid and liquid this time. Stimulation by the stirring broke the film on semi solid, and fat springs out from inside.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《It used to be milk. Why does cheese become solid?》

The fat becomes solid when floating gradually. It’s a primitive butter.

After getting rid of the primitive butter, when looking at the rest liquid, there could have been sediments at the bottom. When trying to boil them, they gather, and becomes single one and tough a little, for a kind of protein becomes hard then.

And wringing it with hands, changing it into a round ball, and adding to some salt, and eating, it’s very good! And drying it in the sun, getting rid of water, its taste is condensed.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《It used to be milk. Why does cheese become solid?》

Its taste become better, and this is the time when cheese was born.

《Bacon and ham are preserved food. Why does smoked food keep long?》

Smoked food like bacon, salami, beef jerky, and smoked salmon isn’t only delicious, but keeps long. Makes sawdust from wood of cherry, and beech ブナ burn, and suffumigateds food, and smoked food is made.

Smoked food starts as preserved food keeps long. Why? Roughly speaking it has two reasons.

First one is when smoking food like fish and meat, its water decreases…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Bacon and ham are preserved food. Why does smoked food keep long?》

…and it becomes dry. Food goes bad because of microbe 微生物, and the microbe is a creature, so in the place where there isn’t enough water, the water is below 40%, its reproduction is hard, so the smoked food is hard to go bad.

Second is effective from the smoke. When making smoked food, making a situation in which there isn’t enough oxygen in the smoke of the sawdust or of the wood. Then imperfect combustion is caused. If there is perfect combustion, there is no smoke, so we can’t…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Bacon and ham are preserved food. Why does a smoked keep long?》

…there is no smoke, so we can’t make the smoke food then. There are small molecules which don’t burn completely in the smoke from the imperfect combustion. If being perfect combustion, the small molecules become only water or carbohydrate 炭水化物.

The small molecules respond to the protein on creatures so easily that they make the microbe in the food change, so the microbe is dead, and the food doesn’t go bad.

Small molecules which stick to the surface on the smoked food kill the microbe…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Bacon and ham are preserved food. Why does a somked food keep long?》

Small molecules which stick to the surface on the smoked food kill other microbes which tries to go into the food after that. Furthermore, they combine with the protein on the surface of the food and make a strong film. The strong film prevents various germs from going into the food from outside, so the smoked food keeps longer time is possible.

By the way, the smoke makes our eyes sting, for the protein which forms crystal lens in the eye is stimulated by the small molecules.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《Bacon and ham are preserved food. Why does a smoked food keep long?》

But even if the small molecules stick to the smoked food, its amount is harmless to the human body, so we don’t have to be worried.

『Easy way of making the smoked food』

Putting aluminum foil at the bottom of a pot, and putting smoke chips on the aluminum foil. Hanging a net for broil from the both edge of the pot, and putting the food on the net. Putting a lid on the pot and heating the pot.

《When eating, we cook rice. Why?》

As there isn’t adequate expression for 炊くin English…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《When eating we cook rice. Why?》

…so I use a phrase of cook. To my sorrow,as I’m not native English speaker, an adequate expression doesn’t occur to me. If there is a proper expression, could someone tell me? I use the phrase of cook as 炊く in Japanese here.

When we the Japanese eat rice, we cook. It’s natural in our everyday life. It isn’t boiled but is cooked. Why?

In the first place, the main component on the rice is starch which accounts for 75.6%. The starch doesn’t melt in the water, and is hard to digest, so we can’t eat it without cooking.

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《When eating, we cook rice. Why?》

If eating starch without cooking, or without cooking enough, we end up having diarrhea. A person doesn’t have any stomach which ruminates like cattle, nor have enzyme which digests raw starch.

Thus we call the raw starch which is hard to melt in the water and is hard to digest beta starch.

On the other hand, adding it to water and heating and is changed into like a glue is called alpha starch. If being the alpha starch, we can digest it and absorb as food.

If adding water to it and heating and it’s all right, we have…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《When eating, we cook rice. Why?》

…we have only to boil it. Some people may have thought, so did I actually, and it’s right as principle, but when eating it, we don’t think we find it tasty if it’s just boiled.

When cooking rice, it needs to add water and to heat, and to make it into a thing like glue, the book said like that. If there isn’t enough water, the rice isn’t boiled, so enough water is indispensable, but when the cooking is finished, if there is extra water, it isn’t all right.

Cooking to the core of the rice enough, and the rice is soft…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《When eating, we cook rice. Why?》

…and there isn’t any water, and the surface of each grain of rice is dry adequately, it’s the best situation.

After heating, a process of steaming of which time is from 15 to 30 minutes is necessary.

Thus, adding the steaming, and heating enough so as to evaporate water from the bottom of the pot. It’s Japanese style of cooking rice, 炊く.

Concretely, the water disappears from the bottom of the pot, and temperature on the place where the rice and the bottom of the pot is 220℃. It’s ideal. Then the rice is cooked…

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【How delicious! Mystery on nutrition】

《When eating, we cook rice. Why?》

Then the rice is cooked very well, and the rice at the bottom of the pot becomes golden brown and pleasant smelling, savory, what is called お焦げ in Japanese.

Even if it’s the rice, we can’t eat a sticky rice with the way of cooking in Japanese style, so we adopt a way of steaming.

When adding water and heating, the rice becomes a thing like glue, for the crystal structure on the starch is decomposed.

《Gluten is actually protein. Why is bread made from wheat?》

Bread, noodle, and confectionery. Wheat changes its shape.

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