レッツ　エンジョイ　イングリッシュ　17th

【The event in Tiananmen】

《Deng Xiaoping claimed the movement was an upheaval》

Li Peng the Prime Minister in the conservative faction held a meeting and established the project of stopping the upheaval and visited Deng Xiaoping and reported him the plan of depressing the movement by students.

When listening to the report, it is said that Deng Xiaoping said like the next.

It’s not an ordinary movement by students but the upheaval clearly, so we have to hold it down powerfully. Students who caused the upheaval were influenced by the liberalism on the political thought in the East Europe.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Deng Xiaoping claimed the movement was an upheaval》

We must not fear being spoken ill by the people, a bad reputation and the criticism in the international society. We have the People’s Liberation Army made up with millions of people.

As receiving the direction from Deng Xiaoping, an organ paper on the Communist Party published an editorial of making its position clear and objecting to the upheaval. It was claimed the movement by student was upheaval, anti revolution. When Zhao Ziyang was away, the policy was decided.

《The movement by students livened up still…》

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The movement by students livened up still more》

It were students who were shocked at the policy, for they didn’t try to be opposed to the Communist Party nor to the system in socialism at all. It’s just that they accepted the direction from the Communist Party and asked for the democracy in the system of the socialism.

Fifty thousand of students went in progress for demonstration so as to ask for withdrawal the editorial in the next day the editorial was published. They put up banners, saying the protection on the Communist Party, defense on the socialism.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The movement by students livened up still more》

Students wanted the leaders to understand their movement wasn’t the upheaval, not anti revolution, but their admirable feeling didn’t reach to the Communist Party.

The movement by students entered society widely, for the reporters from the organ paper on the Communist Party joined in the march of the demonstration, putting up the banner.

It showed there were lots of people who asked for the democracy in the editorial department of the organ paper in the Communist Party.

In the next day, the editorial article…

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【The movement in Tiananmen】

…the editorial article was published, marking the front page of the paper, Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 said students weren’t always opposed to their fundamental system in China in his talk.

Zhao Ziyang who was the leader in the Communist Party supported their movement! It made the movement by students liven up still more.

《Gorbachev visited China》

The sitting down strike by students continued May at the square in Tiananmen May in 1989 after a month from the death of Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦, Gorbachev visited Beijing from Soviet then. When inaugurating the general secretary, he…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Gorbachev visited China》

…he didn’t only improve the relation with America, but took into action so as to improve the relation with China which continued to confront against Soviet for a long time, for he visited China so as to finish the confrontation between China and Soviet which went on for a long time, so as to come true an ordinary relation between two of the nations.

Mass media gathered Beijing from the whole world so as to interview the historical moment which was the amicable settlement on China and Soviet.

CNN TV station tried to broadcast the event…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Gorbachev visited China》

CNN TV station tried to broadcast the event live from America. Mass media gathered Beijing from the whole world, so students thought it was a perfect opportunity, informing the movement asking for the democracy to the whole world, trying to apply pressure to the authority in China.

Before two days Gorbachev visited China, a thousand of students started a hunger strike at the square in Tiananmen, demanding to cancel the comment on the upheaval and to allow the movement by students was patriotic democratic one and to start to talk with the…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Gorbachev visited China》

…and to start to talk with the representative from students.

When a state guest visited China, its ceremonial is usually done at the square in Tiananmen, but the square was occupied by students, so the government in China had no choice, it was forced to do the ceremony of welcoming Gorbachev in the airport, so the face of the Communist Party and the member of leaders in the government was lost.

《Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 revealed the secret on the Communist Party》

The talk and luncheon party between Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping was done and…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang revealed the secret on the Communist Party》

…and the talk between Zhao Ziyang was done in the evening, and Zhao Ziyang had an amazing comment like the next.

Deng Xiaoping retired from the central committee and from politburo standing committee member in the last year, being based on his own will, but considering the situation, Deng Xiaoping is indispensable for us the Chinese, we need his wisdom and his experience, we the Chinese have thought like that.

As to the most important matter, we think we need Deng Xiaoping to take the lead, we’ve decided it…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang revealed the secret on the Communist Party》

We decided it carefully. When handling the most important thing, we always report it to Deng Xiaoping and asks for his advice.

It was broadcast live in the whole China and Zhao Ziyang was aware of it and had his comment.

After Deng Xiaoping retired formally, the Communist Party always obeys the direction from Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping has reigned over China as the most powerful figure by the secret meeting.

Zhao Ziyang informed the top secret to the whole China with the radio wave of the live broadcast.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang revealed the top secret on the Communist Party》

The politics isn’t democratic at all in China. It was Deng Xiaoping who assumed the movement by students was the upheaval. Zhao Ziyang informed it to the whole China.

To tell the truth, after the editorial that the movement by students was the upheaval was published, Zhao Ziyang returned from the North Korea and asked for the plan on the Communist Party that the movement by students was upheaval to change and took into action, but it didn’t come true because of the objection from Li Peng 李鵬.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

Li Peng was the Prime Minister then.

So Zhao Ziyang seized the opportunity that Gorbachev visited China and fought back.

《The people stood up and took into action》

It was Deng Xiaoping who prevented China from being democratic, though he’s insisted on the policies of reform and openness in China, and the people in China knew the fact for the first time then.

The movement by students developed into a huge grassroots movement in which ordinary people joined. The slogan which they put escalated to ask Deng Xiaoping to retire. The people roused themselves to action.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The people stood up and took into action》

The square in Tiananmen and roads around it were filled with the wave of the people. It is said the square in Tiananmen can accommodate a half million of people if standing in a row, a million of people is possible if packing, but the place was full of the people.

A reporter in newspaper from Japan interviewed the scene wrote like the next.

All of their faces were filled with joy and a sense of freedom. Even if pointing a camera at them, they waved. It seemed that neither they were pack of mutts nor they acted recklessly.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The people stood up and took into action》

I’ve felt a dizzy in a moment, for I couldn’t think of the scene in China like that until before a while ago.

Even if gathering a small amount of people in this country China, the Public Security came there and made them disperse. If sticking a bill on the wall, we would be restrained in no time. When walking in front of the house of a leader, we were challenged our identities,

But lots of people gathered at the square at will and talked their thoughts freely without fearing anything. I couldn’t thought it came true.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The people stood up and took into action》

The people who gathered there put up the banner in which their slogans were written down and the place where they walk was also written there confidentially. The people who worked in the center of the power like the government or the Communist Party joined in the upheaval decided by Deng Xiaoping.

It is said the people over ten million came to the street in China on that day. The people stood up and took into action.

《Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 lost his position》

Zhao Ziyang appeared at the square in Tiananmen. It was after four…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang lost his position》

It was four o’clock in the morning after four days from the death of Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦. He wasn’t in suit but in Mao jacket. He seemed to be exhausted, and when receiving a hand mike he spoke to the students like the next.

Students, we’ve come here too late. You are young and have a future for you. Even if you did it with good interest for the nation, it would have influence on varied places seriously. I hope you think about your future calmly and stop the hunger strike.

When speaking to them, he sobbed over and over again, tearfully.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang lost his position》

It was broadcast on a news through TV, but it was the last time when he appeared in official occasion.

Li Peng 李鵬 the Prime Minister in the conservative faction appeared on TV at night of that day, speaking to the people on maintenance of public security, saying being representative of the State of Council and the Central Committee in the beginning.

The State of Council is equivalent to the Cabinet in other countries, and Li Peng was the top of the State of Council, so it’s natural of him to be representative of it, but the problem…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang lost his position》

The problem is saying being representative of the Central Committee, for the one who was representative of the Central Committee was Hu Yaobang who was the general secretary, but Li Peng who was in the conservative faction said he was representative of the Central Committee, it means that Hu Yaobang lost his position, and the people knew it.

Before the day when the people went out to the town and asked for the democracy in China and to retire Deng Xiaoping, leaders of the Communist Party gathered the house of Deng Xiaoping and…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang lost his position》

…and discussed the measure. Then Deng Xiaoping ordered to issue a martial law, though Zhao Ziyang was opposed to it, he was outnumbered, and the plan of issuing the martial law was decided. After that the Politburo Standing Committee was held at night formally and issuing the martial law was fixed officially. Zhao Ziyang alone objected to it.

When the plan of issuing the martial law was decided, Zhao Ziyang announced his intention to resign.

Deng Xiaoping discarded not only Hu Yaobang but Zhao Ziyang.

Zhao Ziyang was born in…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Zhao Ziyang lost his position》

Zhao Ziyang was born at wealthy farm house in Henan province 河南省 in 1919 and joined in the youth wing of Communism at the age of thirteen, joining in the Communist Party at the age of nineteen. He lost his position at the time of the Cultural Revolution, but after that he was revived.

When carrying out the system of the production of responsibility to farm houses in Sichuan province 四川省 which is the place Deng Xiaoping was from. Deng Xiaoping evaluated him so much that he became the general secretary after that.

As to the system of…

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As to the system of production of responsibility to farm house, it’s signing a contract between a farm house and the government and the farm house can sell the surplus from the production at will. Instead of the collective ownership system by the people’s commune, it was introduced into China around at the end of 1970s.

『Column, Wen Jiaboa 温家宝 was in the scene』

Wen Jiaboa was the Prime Minister in China after that. He visited Japan in 2007 and made a speech at the National Assembly in Japan. In fact he was the secretary for Zhao Ziyang then, so when Zhao Ziyang came to the square of…

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＞＞４２１

…so when Zhao Ziyang came to the square of Tiananmen and met with student who did hunger strike, Wen Jiabao escorted him off, he was in the scene then.

He had no comment on it at all.

《The martial law was issued》

Li Peng issued the martial law at the part of Beijing city after five days from the death of Hu Yaobang.

By the way, I’ve expressed in English, according to the book, so I have little information on China, so I can’t understand the situation in China then. I think I should think with my own brain, but to my sorrow I can’t at present, so I’m not sure of the whole situation.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The martial law was issued》

Anyway, I’m going to continue, being based on the book.

The martial law stops the effect on the constitution and leaves the three powers of legislation, administration, and administration of justice to the armed force.

The whole region of the square in Tiananmen is the part of Beijing city, and it was announced instead of ordinary police, the armed force would carry out all kinds of power.

When knowing it, students started to set up a barricade so as to prepare for being stormed by the armed force. Parking a bus or a truck on the…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The martial law was issued》

Students parked a bus or truck in a line on the road of each city and cut off the traffic.

On the other hand, as receiving the issue of the martial law, the military unit on the People’s Liberation Army started to gather in the capital.

A truck full of soldiers was surrounded by residents and the soldiers were persuaded not to attack the people, saying the People’s Liberation Army must not attack the people.

Residents who tried to stop trucks and the military force came in conflict each place.

While students continued the sit down…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The martial law was issued》

While students continued the sit down strike in the square, the leadership of the students went around in circle over the plan after that.

Some of students cried out for do or die resistance, others insisted on withdrawing once and moving to a long war. They divided into two groups.

As being threatened by the issue on the martial law, students who went away from the square appeared one after another, on the other hand, other students in university gathered the square in Tiananmen more and more from local areas.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The martial law was issued》

While the Communist Party resorted drastic measure, the hard-liner took the initiative. A tragic construction on confrontation was completed then.

The commander center of the People’s Liberation Army announced to adopt a decisive measure so as to maintain the peace in the capital, following the martial law.

What does mean the decisive measure? It was clear for all of them.

A large amount of tanks, armed personnel carriers and military trucks gathered around Bringing one after another. Two hundred thousand of the People’s Liberation…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The martial law was issued》

Two hundred thousand of the People’s Liberation Army were mobilized then.

A figure of the Statue of Liberty was carried into the square of Tiananmen which was the target for the People’s Liberation Army.

The figure was made up with styrofoam and plaster. Students who majored in fine arts made it. Needless to say, it’s just a fake, and its height is ten meters, and its model is the Statue of Liberty in New York.

Though it was badly made, once setting up in the square, it became a symbol on the movement asking for the democracy.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The place around the square was covered with blood》

The fourth day June was Friday and it was four o’clock in the morning. Making all the light turn off all at once in the square then, and it was pitch there, and students who slept in the square rattled at it.

Singsong voice of international echoed all over the square from a loudspeaker, for students sang.

The international is a title of a song for workers, speaking to workers who are suppressed all over the world to join together and to stand up. The song was familiar with the gathering on the Communist Party.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The place around the square was covered with blood》

Students appealed they weren’t opposed to the Communist Party as hard as possible by singing the international.

A red signal flare was shot up to the sky on dawn and the whole square became red at half after four, and it was a sign.

Tanks and armed cars stormed into the square all at once. Booming of guns echoed all over the square and around it.

It was the moment when the movement asking for democracy by students for seven weeks was squashed by tanks and the figure of Statue of Liberty was brought down as well.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The square and around places were covered with blood》

A young reporter from NHK who reported the situation to Japan by telephone was tearful.

Soldiers started to shoot residents indiscriminately on the street of Chang’an 長安 which was a main road around the square of Tiananmen.

Young people who ran about trying to escape fell down and their shirts were covered with blood.

A Molotov cocktail 火炎瓶 was thrown from the crowd, and tanks and armed car breathed fire and a soldier who became fireball died. A city fighting broke out then

《There was a man who stopped tanks》

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《There was a man who stopped tanks》

Indiscriminate shooting by solders continued in the next day. The military truck in soldiers from the People’s Liberation Army went and came over the main streets and repeated to fire bursts from the gun at the people who looked out of window in the building on the both side of the streets.

Then unbelievable scene appeared. Tank units which went on the road where no one was there as if the tanks had owned the road, a man who carried baggage in white dress shirt blocked the tank’s way.

The tank hit the brakes, trying to avoid…

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【The even tin Tiananmen】

《There was a man who stopped a tank》

…trying to avoid the man and to pass through, but every time the tank changed its direction, he moved to in front of the tank, so other tanks behind couldn’t move.

Does the tank run over him? The people who watched the scene stopped their breath. The man and the crew in the tank unit continued to glare each other for a while.

Soon other people dashed to him from nowhere, he was taken away.

The book said 男達が脇から駆け寄った. Where is the 脇？　I‘m sure It’s not the armpit, anyway he was taken away.

It was photographed by mass media…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

Mass media overseas photographed the scene and it was reported to the world as the man who stopped the tank and it gave all of the people in the world good impression. It becomes an image which symbolizing the resistance by a resident who didn’t have any weapon and the military force which tried to squash it.

《The number of victim isn’t clear》

It‘s how the event broke out in Tiananmen. When Zhou Enlai 周恩来 was dead, the people gathered at the square of Tiananmen, and caused to lose the position of Deng Xiaoping, so it’s called the first event in Tiananmen then.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The number of victim isn’t clear》

So this time it’s called the second one in Tiananmen.

Deng Xiaoping lost his position in the first event, but the second one was caused by the order from Deng Xiaoping. How many victims were there in the second one in Tiananmen? The truth has never been clear.

The government in China announced the number of deceased are some three hundred, and injured people are some nine thousand, including soldiers and policemen who suppressed residents.

But it has been expected that the number is by far less than the actual number.

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【The even in Tiananmen】

《The number of victim isn’t clear》

The government in China tries to show the number of victim on students or on residents as less as possible or the bereaved family didn’t submit the death report.

If being turned out their family member was dead in the event, the bereaved family would be arrested or suffer a loss.

As being afraid of those things, submitting the death notification with other reason and being dead in other place, there have been the cases like that.

A magazine in Hong Kong reported the number of the deceased and the injured in 1996. The number of…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The number of victim isn’t clear》

The number of victim is five hundred and twenty three in relation to a private citizen, and the people involved military and the police were forty five. The report was done as the Ministry of Public of Security in China.

In the beginning, it seemed lots of students were killed in the square of the Tiananmen, but it turned out there weren’t any dead people there, it was verified by mass media overseas.

When the military stormed into the square, representative of the students who were in the square talked with the commander of the…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The number of victim isn’t clear》

…the representatives of the students who were in the square talked with the commander of the military, and the military prepared for the evacuation route in the square, so when the tanks and armed cars stormed into the square, students run away from the evacuation route.

But the collision was repeated around the square, the soldiers fired indiscriminately, so there were a large amount of the people were dead then.

《China was in a long winter again》

The mass media in China resisted against reporting the suppression by the army.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《China was in a long winter again》

A cameraman who was ordered to report the scene when the students were excluded from the square by the military police refused it owning to the threat to the life.

News casters appeared in the screen in the mourning dress and when reading the news of the event, they read the manuscript sadly without intonation. They showed their resistance in the broadcast, so they were fired.

The radio broadcasting reported thousands of innocent people were murdered by heavy armed soldiers, and called audience to protest against the suppression…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《China was in a long winter again》

…and called the audience to protest against the suppression on the people. After the broadcasting, all the people who were in charged in the broadcasting were interrogated severely and were made to write the report of self criticism.

After asking for democracy by students were trampled, the time of winter came in China.

The Public Security took photograph of the face of the people who joined in the democratic movement and made a positive identification on the lots of people who joined in the democratic movement, and they were…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《China was in a long winter again》

…and they were arrested one after another after the event.

The people who responded to the interview overseas were recorded by the authority in video tape, and it was reported in China and they were placed on the wanted list.

The people who were responded to the interview easily were arrested by a tip off.

Silence is golden, and China returned to the previous situation.

After five days from storm of the military force in the square of Tiananmen, the activity on Deng Xiaoping was reported. He appreciated the pains the military…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《China is in a long winter again》

He appreciated the pains in the People’s Liberation Army on the military unit of the martial law, so it was shown that both of the issue on the martial law and the crackdown by the military power were the direction from Deng Xiaoping in the whole China.

The general meeting on the central committee of the Communist Party was held and was decided Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 was dismissed formally. A document criticizing him was announced like the next.

He supported the upheaval at the important time of life of death for the nation, and made a…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《China is in a long winter again》

…and made a mistake of dividing into the Communist party and has taken the responsibility on the formation and development of the upheaval.

It was decided he was demoted to a mere member in the Communist Party and he was interrogated by the Communist Party. He was under home arrest and it was continued until he was dead in 2005.

【Jiang Zemin 江沢民 was appointed】

After Zhao Ziyang 趙仕様 was fired, Li Peng 李鵬 was the next position at the rank of the Communist Party, but Deng Xiaoping didn’t appointed him, for he was in conservative…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Jiang Zemin was appointed》

Instead of Li Pneng, Jiang Zemin who was the run of the mill member in politburo was appointed to the General Secretary by Deng Xiaoping, jumping over other managing directors, being the special two rank promotion.

He was seldom well known overseas, so it was accepted unexpectedly in other foreign counties.

Though Deng Xiaoping blocked the liberation on democracy adamantly but wanted to maintain the liberation on the economy, the route of reform and open on the economy

Li Peng who was in the conservative faction was negative on the…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Jiang Zemin was appointed》

Le Ping who was in the conservative faction was negative on the route of reform and openness and lots of the people thought he was opposed to Zhao Ziyang and was the most strident suppressing the students. His image wasn’t good.

Zhao Ziyang was in democratic faction and Li Peng was in conservative faction, on the other hand, Jiang Zemin was in the middle place between them in Shanghai.

Though the democratic movement by students was developed in Shanghai, without mobilizing the military force, students were persuaded them into stopping

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Jiang Zemin was appointed》

Jiang Zening didn’t have an image of cracking down the movement on students, so Deng Xiaoping judged Jiang Zemin would obey him and do the route on reform and openness, according to the situation.

It is said Li Peng assumed he would be the General Secretary, so Deng Xiaoping admonished him they had to establish the group of leadership in which make the people feel being able to carry out the reform and the hopeful group of leadership.

《Deng Xiaoping retired》

Jiang Zemin succeeded to the route on reform and openness by Deng Xiaoping.

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Deng Xiaoping retired》

After appointed Jiang Zeming was the General Secretary, Deng Xiaoping announced he would retire entirely in 1992 and giving the place of the head on the central military committee in which Mao Zeming controlled until then to Jiang Zeming

Though Deng Xiaoping adopted the form of retiring from the political arena officially, he continued assume control the top on the military force which was the source of the power, but he gave it to Jiang Zeming.

Deng Xiaoping whose age was 85 said he did it so as not to prevent it from being lifetime ;;;

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《Deng Xiaoping retired》

As a result, Jiang Zeming wasn’t only the top of the military force but the top of the Communist Party, and made sure the seat of the most influential person, but the resolution in the general meeting of the central committee of consulting Deng Xiaoping an important matter continued.

Adopting the form of retiring from all of the positions formally, Deng Xiaoping remained the most influential person until he was dead in 1997.

《The spirit of patriotism was done thoroughly》

Jiang Zeming maintained the route from Deng Xiaoping in terms of…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The spirit of patriotism was done thoroughly》

Jiang Zeming maintained the route from Deng Xiaoping in terms of not only reform and openness in the economy but preventing students from breaking out the upheaval once again.

Deng Xiaoping said to the politburo standing committee member two days before the event in Tiananmen like the next.

We’ve never educated children enough, and after subjugating the upheaval, we have to do our best so as to make up for the mistake we made in the education.

Jiang Zeming made much of the education so as not to make the young…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The spirit of patriotism was done thoroughly》

Jiang Zeming made much of the education so as not to make young people resist against the Communist Party.

Military training has been obliged from freshmen in university for a month in 1990, especially university in Beijing and Shanghai where there was the hub on the movement by students were so severe that the military training was a year. After two years, the time of the military training on both of the university was decreased like other university.

The time of historical class has been increased in high school and…

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【The event in Tiananmen】

《The spirit of patriotism was done thoroughly》

The time of history class has been increased in high school and junior high school. The education which was the humiliation for the people in China was done thoroughly, and emphasized it must not repeat again.

The law on the national flag was established, the ceremony of hoisting the national flag is obliged in the early morning once in a week at elementary school and junior high school, at the same time all of the students were supposed to listen to a lecture boosting patriotism in a row.

Jiang Zeming showed the next…

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