レッツ　エンジョイ　イングリッシュ　17th

【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Breaking diplomatic ties with Taiwan》

…the Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira said at the press conference after the summit meeting was over like the next.

As the result of the restoration on the diplomatic relation with China, the Peace Treaty between Japan and the Republic of China has lost the significance on the existence and we recognize the peace treaty with Taiwan was over. It’s the formal standpoint on the government in Japan.

It was the official announcement from Japan, we should said it’s just that it was alone. As receiving it…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Breaking the diplomatic ties with Taiwan》

As receiving it, Taiwan broke the diplomatic ties with Japan at once, but even if the diplomatic relation disappeared, the people continue to travel between Japan and Taiwan, so both of Japan and Taiwan need the institution or organization equivalent to the embassy, and as to establishing the organization, China has accepted it as well.

The organization which represents Japan has been founded in Taiwan likewise, the same one which represents Taiwan was established in Japan, and both of them have…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

…and both of the organizations have played a role.

《China abandoned the compensation for damage》

China informed it didn’t claim for the compensation on its damage during the war at the summit conference between Japan and China. The team which planned the measure against Japan was formed under the direction by Zhou Enlai from the middle of the 1950s.

There were some people who insisted that they should request the compensation for the damage against Japan, but Zhou Enlai dissuaded them from stopping it, obtaining the consent from Mao Zedong…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《China abandoned the compensation on damage》

…decided not to claim for the compensation on their damage, for there was the fact that neither of Taiwan and America have never claimed for Japan on their damage after the war. Furthermore, Chiang Kai-shek 蒋介石 in Taiwan gave up the compensation on the damage, saying returning virtue to the grudge, so Japan responded to it, impressed deeply, so China was forced to make much of it.

Moreover the nation in the socialism must not rely on the blood money, and claiming the compensation against Japan leads…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《China gave up the compensation on damage》

…and claiming the compensation on damage leads to the bundle for the people in Japan, and it was against the thought of Mao Zedong who divided the militarists from ordinary people. China judged like that.

There were some people who were opposed to the restoration on the diplomatic relation with Japan of which center was the military authority, but both of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai said the militarism in Japan is different from the people in Japan, the people in Japan have been the victims by the war.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《China gave up the compensation on damage》

Both of two leaders suppressed the opposing opinion.

As the government in China made progress the restoration on the diplomatic relation between Japan and China, after that the Prime Minister goes to worship the Yasukuni shrine where A class war criminals were enshrined, the leaders in Japan have admired the militarism, dissatisfactory voice appears in China, so the government in China is forced to protest against Japan.

The policy which doesn’t claim the compensation against Japan was accepted in…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《China gave up the compensation on damage》

The policy which doesn’t claim the compensation against Japan was accepted in Japan with the deep impression expectedly, for lots of the Japanese felt guilty that the war between Japan and China broke out in China and there were lots of victims on the war in China even if there was any kind of background behind the war, but China forgave Japan instantly, at least the Japanese thought like that,

In the same year, celebrating the restoration on diplomatic relation between Japan and China, two of pandas …

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《China gave up the compensation on damage》

…the two of pandas were sent to Japan from China then, and the panda wasn’t familiar with us the Japanese at that time, and lots of the Japanese were fascinated with its lovely form, in addition no less than fifty six thousand of people rushed to the Ueno zoo on the day when the panda was disclosed. The panda caused the unheard of boom on the friendship between Japan and China in Japan.

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

As the restoration on diplomatic relation came true, the next step was …

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…the next step was the conclusion on the peaceful friendly treaty between Japan and China, and its negotiation started from November in 1974, but the disturbance continued in China, such as the death both of Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong, the downfall on Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平, and being arrested the group of four, so China couldn’t go on the negotiation with Japan no more in the situation.

But Deng Xiaoping revived in 1977 and the negotiation was resumed from the end of the year. At the time of the restoration…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

At the time of the restoration on the diplomatic relation, the position on Taiwan and evaluation on the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty were fixed, so there was no big discussion then, the problem was the clause which was opposed to the hegemony.

China criticized Soviet as the imperial socialism then, insisting that Soviet wanted the hegemony, and Japan and China should announce the anti hegemony so as to rise against Soviet.

As Soviet knew the situation, it said the conclusion the friendly and peaceful…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…Soviet said the conclusion on the friendly and peaceful treaty is harmful for the friendly relation between Japan and Soviet, putting a brake on Japan, so Japan was caught in dilemma between Soviet and China.

China approached Japan as the part of strategy on anti Soviet, so it announced anti hegemony between China and Japan. It was natural, but Japan didn’t always recognize the intention from China then, and Japan didn’t think it wanted to provoke Soviet, so the negotiation between Japan and China…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…so the negotiation between Japan and China didn’t go well. Japan insisted on adopting sentence without keeping a specific nation in mind, it means Soviet, being opposed to all the hegemony.

In the process of the negotiation, the members of the assembly belonged to the Liberal Democratic Party who were cautious to conclude the friendly peaceful treaty between Japan and China insisted like the next.

If concluding the friendly peaceful treaty with China, we should make China allow the territorial…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…we should make China allow the territorial rights of Japan on the Senkaku Islands, for it turned out the possibility that plentiful oil resource was buried around the Senkaku Islands at the end of 1960s, after that China or Taiwan insisted the Senkaku Islands were their territory.

China has said the islands belongs to Taiwan, so it belongs to China, and there is the insistence that Taiwan is the part of China in the background. The member of assembly belonged to the Liberal Democratic Party tried to…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

The member of assembly belonged to the Liberal Democratic Party tried to make use of the friendly peaceful treaty as the bargain tool for making sure of the territorial rights on Japan to the Senkaku Islands, and the event broke out then.

Some two hundred of fishing boats of China all of sudden gathered around the Senkaku Island April in 1978, and dozens of them invaded the Japan’s territory then.

Patrol boats belonged to Japan Coast Guard were sent out and called them to withdraw, but the fishing …

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…but the fishing boats didn’t go out from the Japan’s territory they armed with light machine guns.

The government in Japan protested against the one in China, and China said it wasn’t calculated, nor on purpose but a causeless event. Some of two hundred of fishing boats which armed rushed to the Senkaku Islands all at once. It couldn’t have been the causeless event.

There was the direction from the base of navy belonged to the People’s Liberation Army on the wireless on the fishing fleet, for the…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

…for the Japan Coast Guard intercepted the radio transmission, so it was calculated provocative behavior extremely. It seemed that the hard liner at the military of China who objected to the conclusion on the friendly peaceful treaty planned.

The final negotiation over the friendly peaceful treaty was done August in the same year, and Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 vowed that they would never cause that kind of trouble again over the violation of the territorial water by the fishing boats around the Senkaku Island.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Concluding the friendly peaceful treaty》

As to the territorial rights on the Senkaku Islands, the leader in China said both of Japan and China should set it aside for a decade, two decades, a century as before, proposing to put it aside.

Thus the friendly peaceful treaty was concluded in 1978 after six years from the restoration on the diplomatic relation between Japan and China, and the Foreign Ministry from Japan and the Prime Minister in China signed and ratified the treaty in Beijing.

As to the anti hegemony, without indicating the….

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

…without indicating the specific nation, the impression was anti hegemony as general terms as Japan insisted.

『Column, making use of the eavesdropping from China』

The embassy of Japan in Beijing was baffled when the fishing boats of China were concentrated around the Senkaku Islands and played a trick. It thought it was tapped by China, and on the presumption of being tapped from China, the minister and the ambassador talked like the next.

The fishing boats of China don’t withdraw easily.

We are forced to request the Self Defense Force ….

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

We are forced to request that the Self Defense Force should take the field.

I think so.

Judging from the public opinion in Japan then, the Self Defense Force couldn’t be sent out, but the trick seemed to achieve a successful outcome, the fishing boats went away from the Senkaku Islands soon.

《Though Japan helped China with the large financial backing…》

At the time of the restoration on the diplomatic relation between Japan and China, China didn’t claim the compensation on damage against Japan, and Japan has felt something guilty, timid.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Though Japan helped China with the large financing backing…》

The government in Japan started the economic aid and join force with China, adopting the form by ODA, which is abbreviation of Official Development Assistance. It was in 1979, the next year from the conclusion on the friendly and peaceful treaty between Japan and China when the economic aid started.

The Prime Minister Ohira visited China and expressed Japan would join force with China as much as possible with regard to the modernization of China, and the economic aid started.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Though Japan helped China with the large financing backing…》

As to ODA, there are three kinds, free financial aid, loan assistance, and technical cooperation.

The free financial aid means offering the funds.

The loan assistance is also called international yen loan, lending money for a long time with low interest extremely. Its interest rate is lower than generally, and it’s so long time that the value of money drops, falling under the category of the grand aid partly.

The three financial aids were done from 1979 to 2006.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Though Japan helped China with the large financial backing…》

Roughly speaking, the free financial aid is a hundred forty seven billion yen, the loan assistance is three trillion two hundred eight billion, and the technical operation one hundred fifty billion, and the total amount is more than three trillion.

As to the free financial aid lately, the security on the work of tree planing along the Koga River, the plan on improvement of waste management in the Xi’an city, and the measure of preventing the infection from expanding concerned SARS.

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Though Japan helped China with the large financing backing….》

SARS is abbreviation of Severe Acute Respiration Syndrome. The money offered from Japan were used for those things in 2004, and the money form Japan was used for the plan of improving medical standard at Xinjiang Uyghur, and for the plan on prevention of tuberculosis at a poor region.

《Reexamination on the help has made progress》

Without being shown any thanks from China, we the Japanese started to say we should look over the assistance to China. A conference has been set up by…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Reexamination on the help has made progress》

A conference has been set up by the Foreign Ministry. The way of helping China economically was talked in the conference, and the reexamination on the help for China was done. As a result, increasing the help which was useful for the protection on surroundings, or the help showing China clearly it’s help from Japan is able to be informed to China, we should make progress on the help for China like that. The plan for helping China was settled like that.

After that the movement of anti Japan in China…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

《Reexamination on the help has made progress》

After the movement on anti Japan in China, the question has been strengthened among us the Japanese, we should look over the help for China. Moreover, China succeed in launching for the manned space flight.

Why should Japan which doesn’t launch the manned space flight help China which can do launch and of which national strength bolsters?

The criticism started to appear from Japan, and China has started to increase for helping the nations in Africa, and some people say, why should we help the…

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【Diplomatic relation with Japan was restored】

…why should we help the nation which can assist other nation? The consciousness of tiring of helping among the Japanese appears there, even if helping so much, being unable to be thanked from them. As a result, the cooperation on the free financial aid and the loan assistance have been brought an end in 2007.

【Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 has rebuilt the nation】

《The trip to the North Korea is as if it were a time travel》

The author visited the North Korea so as to interview on TV program in 2006. He took a flight in the national airline from Syenyang…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The trip to the North Korea is as if it were a time travel》

He took a flight in the national airline from Syenyang 瀋陽 in China to Pyongyang in the North Korea. The national air line was filled with the tourists from China. After arriving at the airport and getting off the airplane, without getting on the shuttle bus, the tourists from China started the commemorative photo in front of the gigantic portrait of Kim ll-sung at once. When taking the photo for commemoration, they had fun as if they had seen something uncommon, though it was actually unusual.

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【Den Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The trip to the North Korea is as if it were a time travel》

The author said like that, and when looking at them, the author realized China had changed so much, for China used to be the one which took after the North Korea.

At the Yalu River 鴨緑江 which flows at the border of China, the tourist route which approaches the North Korea by the tourist ship is popular among the Chinese.

The people in the North Korea wear the badge of Kim ll-sung on their chest, likewise the people in China used to wear the badge of Mao Zedong on their chest. Towns were…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The trip to the North Korea is as if it were a time travel》

Towns were filled with the portraits of Mao Zedong and the people were forced to admire Mao Zedong in China. The sightseeing tour to the North Korea is as if the time travel to the past for the people in China.

When looking at the actual situation in the North Korea, the tourists from China could realize how much their nation developed, for they became wealthy all of sudden, and they were relieved because Deng Xiaoping was in China which was different from the North Korea.

Even ordinary…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The trip to the North Korea is as if it were the time travel》

Even ordinary people can go abroad for sightseeing in China. China has been rich suddenly comparing it with the past, and it was caused by the brave decision of Deng Xiaoping. Without Deng Xiaoping, we can’t talk about the economic development in China in the present day. What kind of history has been there in China? The author said he was going to look back from the arrest of the group of four.

《Hua Guofeng 華国鋒 became the successor》

Mao Zedong was dead in 1976, and Hua Guofeng became ….

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng became the successor》

…and Hua Guofeng became the chairman in the Communist Party, the chairman on the central military committee on the Communist Party.

After Zhou Enlai was dead in the same year,Hua Guefong succeeded to him and became the Prime Minister, so he was on the top of the three organization like the national one, the one in the political party, the one in the military group.

He used to be the Deputy Prime Minister until being the Prime Minister, but he didn’t have any of remarkable achievement in particular, so when being the…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng became the successor》

..so when being the Prime Minister, the people around him were surprised at it.

Mao Zedong decided to appoint him after Zhou Enlai was dead so as not to pass the power to the group of four, so he appointed Hua Guehong as a safety net.

The one who was appointed as the safety net was on the top of the nation because of the dead of Mao Zedong unexpectedly.

It seemed that Mao Zedong handed over his will to Hua Guefong.

I’ll be relieved if you do it. It was written on the will and it remains as the sentence of the …

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng 華国鋒 became the successor》

…the will remains as the sentence of evidence.

But in fact after Hua Guofeng reported the actual situation on the whole China to Mao Zedong in the same year, Mao Zedong handed over the memo to him. The sentence was written on the memo, I’ll be relieved if you do it.

After Mao Zedong was dead, Hua Guefong appealed it as the will from Mao Zedong. It was weak as evidence, but he was allowed as the successor of Mao Zedong with the authority of Mao Zedong.

The previous day before Hua Guofeng became the chairman of…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng became the successor》

The previous day before Hua Guofeng became the chairman of the Communist Party the group of four was arrested. Joining force with executives who were in the position of anti the group of four and Hua Guefong rose to power.

But his achievement in the political party was so poor that his power base in the Communist Party was frail extremely. He couldn’t compete with Deng Xiaoping.

《Deng Xiaoping revived again》

After a year Hua Guofeng was on the top in 1977, the Central Committee by the Communist Party was held.

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping revived again》

It was decided to banish the group of four from the political party forever then and at the same time it was decided to return Deng Xiaoping to all the duties in unanimously. Everyone knew the ability on Deng Xiaoping, and after the confusion of being dead of Mao Zedong, and being arrested the group of four, everyone thought they needed the ability of Deng Xiaoping so as to rebuild China.

Hua Guofeng resisted against the revival on Deng Xiaoping which threatened his position, but his power base in the political party was…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping revived again》

…but his power base in the Communist Party was so poor that he couldn’t prevent Deng Xiaoping from reviving. Then Deng Xiaoping returned to three posts, the Vice Chairperson in the political party, the Vice Chairperson in the military committee and the staff officer, the deputy Prime Minister in the what is called 国務院 which is equivalent to the government. He returned to the high positions suddenly.

After that Deng Xiaoping took away the power from Hua Guofeng gradually as Hua Guofeng was worried about.

《Hua Guofeng…》

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng resisted》

Hua Guofeng was on the position of the top because of the successor from Mao Zedong alone, so he had to emphasize he was faithful disciple for Mao Zedong, so he insisted on the next two things.

We have to observe absolutely what the Mao Chairperson decided.

Without changing it, we have to obey the direction which was done by the Mao Chairperson.

In short, it means without changing, taking over the course on Mao Zedong, but the people in China weren’t pleaded with it. After the group of four was arrested they expected to have…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Hua Guofeng resisted》

After the group of four was arrested they expected to have a comfortable lifestyle, being rich a little more, but the same policy would go on like before, so they were disappointed at it.

But Deng Xiaoping resisted against it. He made use of the phrase from Mao Zedong so as to take the power from Hua Guofen, adopting the way resisting against the successor of Mao Zedong by the phrase from Mao Zedong. The phrase was 実事求是 in Chinese.

It means seeking for whether being right or wrong from facts. A thought doesn’t exist from the…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping resisted》

A thought doesn’t exist from the first, so fit to facts and fix the best way. It means that they must not adopt the phrase from Mao Zedong as a golden rule.

The phrase shows Deng Xiaoping was realistic, but the phrase itself was the quote from the remark from Mao Zedong in the past, being adopted no less than forty years ago.

Before holding the reins of power in China, an intraparty battle occurred inside the Communist Party in China, and Mao Zedong used the phrase so as to resist against the group of students studying…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping resisted》

…and Mao Zedong used the phrase so as to resist against the group of students studying abroad from Soviet. The group of students studying abroad from Soviet had faith in the remarks from Lenin and Stalin as dogma, ignoring the situation and reality and sticking to the remarks from Lenin and Stalin.

Mao Zedong refuted against them, and the real significance on the Marxism or Leninism was 実事求是, seeking whether being right or wrong from facts, and won the intra party battle.

Deng Xiaoping quote the phrase from Mao Zedong which…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping resisted》

Deng Xiaoping quoted the phrase from Mao Zedong advantageous for him and insisted that the essence for Mao Zedong was in 実事求是, there isn’t the thought from the first, so we should adopt the best way, according to the facts.

He resisted against the acolyte of Mao Zedong with the phrase from Moa Zedong, and legitimized his policy.

《The event at Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

In 1978, the campaign over the 実事求是 was done greatly, taken the lead by Hu Yao bang 胡耀邦 who was the pupil of Deng Xiaoping.

The standard on the…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated》

The standard on the truth is the practice in the society alone.

Even if what kind of the theory it is, it should be verified with practice.

It’s clear that what kind of theory is pointed out the thought on Mao Zedong euphemistically. Should be verified with the practice, in short, they don’t need the useless theory. It has to be the theory which accomplished the good result in making others happy.

It resembles the theory on the black cat and white cat from Mao Zedong.

The agriculture used to be…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

The agriculture used to be in the absolute chaos in China due to the Great Leap Forward by Mao Zedong, and Deng Xiaoping tried to rebuild the agriculture and said, whether it’s white cat or black one, the one which catches the mouse is the good one.

It was used for the meaning that it’s all right if it leads to increasing agricultural product, they can adopt what kind of way.

But after that the Cultural Revolution started, his remark of this was problematic.

It is important for them to adopt what…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The case at Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

It is important for them to adopt what kind of way, so there is no thought in his remark, his remark was criticized and it was ammunition for attack so as to drive him into losing of position.

Deng Xiaping who accomplished his revival said like the next.

The problem isn’t the theory whether the white cat or the black one is right, but finding theory of the one which can catch the mouse is important. Catching the mouse means being the people rich.

The base for Deng Xiaping was solidified with the…

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【Deng Xiaping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

The base on Deng Xiaoping was solidified with campaign on the 実事求是, the first event at the Tiananmen which made him lose his position was been reevaluated.

The first event at the Tiananmen was anti revolution and was concluded to be guilty and it was thought that there was Deng Xiaoping in the background, so he lost his position. But if he was right, his action on the Tiananmen was also right.

The first event at the Tiananmen was the great revolutionary movement, it was declared in the central…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

…it was declared at the central committee in the Communist Party of China in 1978 and the first event at the Tiananmen was the revolutionary movement by the people which was against the group of four, it was evaluated again like that.

No less than some of three million executives were arrested or banished in the middle of the Cultural Revolution for three years from 1977, and their impaired reputation was restored and their dignities were restored as well then, though it was too late.

Various…

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

Various events are evaluated or are concluded to guilt by the result of the power struggle at the time. It’s repeated in China.

Criticism was done to Mao Zedong himself at last at the central committee.

Seeking for there is nothing mistake nor fault for the single leader on the revolution isn’t the Marxism nor it agrees with the consistent evaluation on Mao Zedong himself.

The statement was announced, for Mao Zedong recognized he sometimes made a mistake.

Seeking the ground of making mistake….

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《The event at the Tiananmen has been evaluated again》

Seeking for the ground on making a mistake to the remark from Mao Zedong himself. It’s extremely illogical, but recognizing that Moa Zedong also made a mistake was epoch making, and it evoked the point of view that Mao zdedng recognized Hua Guofeng as successor may have been a mistake, led to loss of his authority.

《Deng Xiaoping called for the release on the thought》

There was other meeting before the central committee, and Deng Xiaoping made a speech of which title was like the next.

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping called for the release on the thought》

Releasing the thought and taking the attitude of 実事求是, seeking for whether it’s right or not in the facts, and taking a positive attitude in unity. Its title was like that.

As the thought on the not a few comrades have never been released they can’t escape from being stiffen condition or semi rigid condition, for their heads don’t work out.

Lots of important matters were decided by a few people of the top, and others were forced to take into action as obeying others from the top.

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【Deng Xiaoping has rebuilt the nation】

《Deng Xiaoping called for the release on the thought》

In this situation, no one needs to think of any kind of matters.

In short, if there is a dictator, everything moves by the orders from the direct report to the dictator, so lots of people have only to obey from the report to the dictator and learn not to think by their own heads. Deng Xiaoping pointed out like that.

He emphasized they should shatter the stiffness on the thought and release the thought, asserting they need democracy therefore.

Even if few of disgruntled members who had secret ….

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