Let’s enjoy English 15th

【Has Japan apologized…?】

《It seems that the Americans have thought the apology was done enough》

Then the one with which is often compared our situation is Germany. After the World War Ⅱ, Germany repeated its apology sincerely. Its symbol is the speech by the former President Weiszacker who was dead the other day.

He made a speech in the federal assembly after forty years from Germany was defeated in the war. Its content is summarized in a book of which title is being forty years in the wilderness. He said like the next.

The problem isn’t getting over the past. We can’t do that.

• 共感4

【Has Japan apologized the responsibility on the war?】

《It seems that the Americans thought the apology was enough》

The late President in Germany continued like the next.

We must not do after that we change the past and made it a rule to that there was nothing problematic, but the one who closes its eyes to the past would be blind to the things at present after all. The one who tried not to keep the cruel behavior to heart is apt to fall into the same crisis easily.

As Germany repeated to apologize with the whole country, other nations around Germany softened their stance and accepted the…

• 共感4

【Has Japan apologized…】

《It seems that the Americans have thought the apology was enough》

…and accepted the apology. How have the other nations around Germany accepted the apology from Germany?

For example, Poland lost its country once by Nazis Germany. The author ran into a Pole and he said their attitude like the next.

I forgive, but never forget.

In short, the late Prime Minister Abe announced the Prime Minister statement after seventy years from the war August in 2015. Lots of the people paid attention to whether or not four phrases were included. Apology, controlling colonies…

• 共感4

＞＞353

Four phrases which lots of the people paid attention were apology, controlling colonies, invasion and deep remorse, and all of them were included, but those keywords were referred to in general terms.

In short, the late Prime Minister don’t always apologize the controlling colonies and invasion, but referring to those phrases as general terms. What he tried to apologize was unclear. Its content was like that.

【What was massacre in Nanjing?】

What is called the massacre in Nanjing has been registered as the Memory of the World October in 2015. Then the Chief Cabinet Secretary said…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing?】

Then the Chief Cabinet Secretary said Japan would rethink and consider all possibilities including stopping paying contribution to UNESCO, for the Memory of the World belongs to UNESCO. Japan showed discomfort, implying to stop paying contribution as last resort.

UNESCO has been managed by contribution from each member nation. The contribution from Japan in 2014 was some three billion seven hundred million yen. It’s equal to some 11% in the whole contribution.

The contribution from America is more than any other countries, but UNESCO allowed Palestine…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing?】

…but UNESCO allowed Palestine to join in the United Nation, so America was repulsive on it, so stopped to pay contribution. As a result the percentage on the contribution from Japan is bigger than any other countries. When adding it to the one from America, the function on UNESCO could have been forced to stop, but if China seizes the chance and increases the contribution, the influence over UNESCO by Japan could have been vanished. The situation doesn’t seem to be good.

Speaking of not being good, as to the massacre in Nanjing, the Japanese government…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

…the Japanese government can’t declare that the massacre didn’t happen in Nanjing, so the situation isn’t good here as well, for the Chief Cabinet Secretary criticized UNESCO, on the other hand, he said he couldn’t deny there was the murder on non combatants or looting in Nanjing.

The one which Japan has treated as the problem is there isn’t any ground on the insistence that no less than three hundred thousand of the Chinese were slaughtered. If it’s less than three hundred thousand, isn’t it the massacre? From how many people is the massacre? It could…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing?】

It could have caused the fruitless argument. It is troublesome. What was the massacre in Nanjing? We should start from it.

もう一度読む山川世界史用語辞典 expresses the massacre in Nanjing like the next.

The military army in Japan captured the capital which was Nanjing then in China at the beginning on the war between Japan and China, and committed the act of atrocity to the Chinese militaries and civilians. It’s the massacre in Nanjing.

The military army in Japan which occupied Nanjing December in 1937 developed the operation of sieging to sweep involving residents…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

…developed the mission of hunting and destroying the remained enemies.

Then the military army in Japan didn’t form as combat forces, executed a large amount of soldiers who offered surrender, defeated soldiers, captives, and injured soldiers, though being against the international law, murdered all of them.

Wrongful conducts by being violated on military discipline like raping Chinese women, looting on food and material, setting on fire or destroying for their houses frequently broke out.

It has been estimated thousands of the Chinese military and…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing?】

It has been estimated thousands of the Chinese military and civilians in the castle of Nanjing and around it, including neighbor farm lands became the victims.

In general, it was expressed it’s the massacre in Nanjing or the case on the massacre in Nanjing on the textbook in Japan in 1980, but the expression on the case on Nanjing has increased lately.

China has insisted that no less than three hundred thousand of the Chinese were murdered, but its number is exaggerated and political. The way of accepting becomes common view among historians in Japan.

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

The historians in Japan have learned to avoid the expression on massacre.

《Are they guerrilla fighters or ordinary residents?》

The capital is Beijing in China 中華人民共和国 at present, but it used to be Nanjing in China 中華民国 in the past then. The government on the Chinese Nationalist Party by Chiang Kai-shek 蒋介石. The military army in Japan thought if capturing the capital, they would win the war, but the leader in the Chinese Nationalist Party gave up the capital, moving the capital to Chunking 重慶, and ran away.

Though the military army in Japan chased it…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing?】

《Were they the guerrilla fighters or ordinary residents?》

…the military army in Japan rushed in the fight sinking into a swamp. Then America and England criticized Japan and Japan suffered from the economic sanction from them, so was in difficulties.

Japan was forced to take the chances whatever the outcome, so the Pacific War broke out by attacking the Pearl Harbor at last then.

It was the military army in the nationalist party in China which fought against Japan in the capturing on Nanjing. It wasn’t the one in the communist party.

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

《Were they guerrilla fighters or ordinary citizens? 》

The present government on the communist party in China embellishes its history as if they fought against the military army in Japan, but it’s the one in the nationalist party who fought in Nanjing at least.

The soldiers in the nationalist party who were defeated by the military unit in Japan took off their uniform as soldier and disguised themselves as ordinary citizens, but the military force in Japan called them 便衣兵 and execute them as guerrilla.

The 便衣兵 is a mean strategy, for they didn’t wear…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

《Were they guerrilla fighters or ordinary citizens? 》

…for they didn’t wear formal clothes as soldier, so they weren’t the captives which should be protected by the international law. The expression on executing 便衣兵 often appears on the data of the military unit in Japan. In short, they killed 便衣兵.

On the other hand, the soldiers in the nationalist party were the defeated soldiers who lost the will to fight, so they should be treated as captive, the action by the military force in Japan was against the international law. There is the judgement like that.

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

《Were they guerrilla soldiers or ordinary citizens?》

Some people have pointed out when hunting down the 便衣兵 ordinary citizens were murdered at random. In short, ordinary citizens were murdered by the military force in Japan at Nanjing then, but how many were they murdered exactly?

As to its numbers, there are various opinions. There are some historians who guessed the number was twenty thousand or forty thousand, so It was a controversy for a long time.

International Military Tribunal for the Far East was held in Tokyo after the war. It’s what is…

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

《Were they guerrilla soldiers or ordinary citizens? 》

It’s what is called the Tokyo trial. The judge was done more than two hundred thousand of the Chinese were murdered in the Tokyo trial, and it was three hundred thousand at least at the military tribunal in Nanjing in 1947, but the author suggested we should consider the number of three hundred thousand.

The time on the massacre by the military force in Japan is six weeks from its occupation mainly. It means fifty thousand people every week, seven thousand were murdered every day. How is it possible?

• 共感4

【What was the massacre in Nanjing? 】

《Were they guerrilla soldiers or ordinary citizens? 》

How did they handle the large amount of bodies which were murdered every day? When thinking it of, it turned out that the number on the three hundred thousand is absurd.

Besides, there is an investigation the population on Nanjing used to be two hundred thousand immediate before the military force in Japan occupied. How did they murder the three hundred thousand people in the capital of which population was two hundred thousand?

Moreover the population on Nanjing increased to a quarter of million…

• 共感4

＞＞367

Moreover the population on Nanjing increased to a quarter of million during the occupation by the military force in Japan. If there was the massacre there, why did the large amount of people come to Nanjing from other places?

If considering like that, the massacre of three hundred thousand people in Nanjing is a fictions story. China has handled it politically, but it’s fact we can’t say the massacre wasn’t done.

【What is called Moritomo Gakuen and the Imperial Rescript on Education 教育勅語】

To my surprise,森友学園 seems to be expressed Moritomo Gakuen in English, according to the internet.

• 共感4

【What is called Moritomo Gakuen and the Imperial Rescript on Education】

Making pupils in the kindergarten in the group of Moritomo Gakuen learn by heart the Imperial Rescript on Education became problematic, but the pro Imperial Rescript on Education appeared. Good things were written there.

What is the Imperial Rescript on Education?

It was written in a literary style at the Meiji era, so when listening to it with our own ears alone, it was チンオモウニワガコウソコウソウクニヲハジムルコトウエンニ…

The pupils in the kindergarten learned by the heart the sentences like that. No one thinks they could understand at all

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial and Rescript on Education】

If means the one who is the emperor thinks its ancestor on the imperial family started our county was long ago, and the virtue founded by it is deep and thick.

In short, the county of Japan has been founded by the imperial family and asking the nations for the loyalty and patriotism.

The author used the word on the nation, but it’s the style of speaking to subjects from the emperor. 勅語 means the speech from the emperor, and it was issued in 1890 as the phrase from the Meiji Emperor. The educational plan in Japan was cleared on it.

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

There used to be varied opinions with regard to the balance between the transmission on knowledge and nurturing virtue in Japan then, though the controversy has been done at present as well.

Then the Yamagata government judged fixing the basic aim nurturing virtue on the nation was necessary, and the Imperial Rescript on Education was arranged of which center was Kaoru Inoue.

It was delivered to elementary school on the whole Japan through then the Ministry of Education. At the time of Showa, there were four big holidays. January 1 …

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

January 1, the New Year’s Day festive, February 11, national foundation day, April 29, the birthday on the Showa Emperor, November 3, the birthday on the Meiji Emperor.

On the day of the four holidays, the ceremony was done at elementary school and the headmaster read the Imperial Rescript on Education to all the students in the elementary school.

It was the language from the emperor, so he couldn’t put it down when reading. When reading it he had to put it up above his head and read. As being unable to see the sentence at all, he was…

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

…the headmaster was forced to learn it by heart.

The Imperial Rescript on Education and the photo on the Emperor was at the sanctuary on elementary school. It was expressed 奉安殿 in Japanese.

If the sanctuary was burned down on a fire, it was a serious matter. The photo on the Emperor on the sanctuary was burned down in the elementary school in Nagano prefecture in Meiji era, in Okinawa in Showa era, taking its responsibility for it, both of the headmasters committed suicide by disembowelment 割腹自殺. The emperor was seen as a godlike figure.

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

《If thinking its content is good, it should be done at the class on the virtue》

The World War Ⅱ was over and Japan was under occupation of GHQ, and the content on the Imperial Rescript on Education become problematic and it was abolished by the ministerial order from the Ministry of Education in 1946.

In addition the resolution of excluding the Imperial Rescript on Education from the actual spot at school was adopted at both of the Upper and Lower House in 1948.

In short, the people who try to promote the Imperial Rescript on Education…

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and…】

《If thinking its content is good, it should be done at the class on virtue》

…the people who try to promote the Imperial Rescript on Education are repulsive because the language by the Emperor based on the tradition from the imperial family was abolished by GHQ.

The people who protect the Imperial Rescript on Education insist that good things are written there. For example, being dutiful its parents, brothers should get along well, husband and wife should be close, friends should trust each other. It’s right as it was shown. They are important virtues, but those ...

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

《If thinking its content is good….》

…but those things could be taught at the class on virtue in the education by school as they want. It is the time of democracy and popular sovereignty 国民主権. We don’t have to be thankful to form of the language admonishing subjects from the emperor who has the absolute authority.

How do the people who are thankful to the Imperial Rescript on Education think on the democracy and the popular sovereignty? It seems that there are some people who misunderstand on the Imperial Rescript on Education.

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and…】

《If thinking its content is good, it should be taught on the class of virtue》

The author thinks he should said to them.

The misunderstanding is as there was the Imperial Rescript on Education before the war, the sense of morality used to be better than at present.

At the time when the Imperial Rescript on Education was made much of was parenticide and infanticide overran. Judging from the proportion on the population, the ratio on murder case was worse than at present. The theory that as there was the Imperial Rescript on Education, it was good isn’t accept to the…

• 共感4

【Moritomo Gakuen and Imperial Rescript on Education】

《If thinking its content is good…》

…the though of it was good isn’t accepted to the data.

When looking at the newspaper before the war, a contribution was printed like the next. A young woman is wearing makeup in the train without being worried about in spite of being in front of others. What about the moral on her?

That thing doesn’t change at any time both at present and in the past, but studying the Imperial Rescript on Education used to exist as the educational policy in Japan after the Meiji ear is significant, but the student….

• 共感4

＞＞378

…but the students in high school or in university who can judge with their own brains have only to learn it for themselves.

Making the pupils in the Kindergarten who can’t understand its meaning learn it by heart is behind the times extremely.

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

Whether the wife of the Prime Minister Abe was the public figure or the private one, she was decided to be the private figure by the Cabinet meeting. When looking at it on the news, there should be some people who thought what the Cabinet meeting was done. Why was decided…

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private figure? 】

Why was decided by the Cabinet meeting? Because it doesn’t always mean that the Prime Minister can decide all of the things at will in the administration in Japan. The Prime Minister and other Ministers are in unanimous, then the judge and action can be done for the first time as the Cabinet.

As the highest decision making body at the government in Japan decided, it is often widely covered in the media. As to the Cabinet, its authority is fixed by the law on Cabinet and there are descriptions like the next.

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

The Cabinet exercises its authority by the Cabinet meeting. Being based the plan submitted to the Cabinet meeting, the Prime Minister in the Cabinet directs and supervises each place on the administration.

There are lots of things which they can’t do without being decided by the Cabinet meeting.

There are two kinds of the Cabinet meeting.

An ordinary cabinet meeting is held twice a week, in the morning of Tuesday, or Thursday, and an extraordinary cabinet meeting which is held as necessary. All the cabinet ministers…

• 共感4

【is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

All the Cabinet Ministers gather at the room for the cabinet meeting in the Prime Minister office and the cabinet meeting is done as principle.

When the news on the cabinet meeting is broadcast on TV, we’ve often seen each minister and the Prime Minister sat on the sofa and have a pleasant chat there, but it’s not the scene on the cabinet meeting, for the cabinet meeting is behind closed doors.

The Prime Minister and the cabinet ministers gather in front of the room before starting and they make the TV camera broadcast.

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

It’s a picture recording before the Cabinet meeting starts, and when it’s over the Prime Minster and all the Cabinet Ministers go into the room for their meeting.

There is a big round table in the room for the Cabinet meeting, and the ministers sit there surrounding the table. The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet meeting, but the Chief Cabinet Secretary serves as chairman then.

Each of Ministers signs on the paper for the Cabinet meeting. The typeface on the signature is called 花押 in Japanese. It’s idiosyncratic.

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

It’s the signature of each of the minsters, though we can’t understand it at a glance alone. The Cabinet meeting is over in 20 or 30 minutes, for the contents on the Cabinet meeting was done behind the scenes work 根回し, without any discussion, the signature continues silently, so some ministers call it an autograph session self-depreciatingly.

The decision in the Cabinet meeting must be in unanimous, so if there is s minister who is opposed to the decision, the Prime Minister sometimes dismisss it.

The paper on the…

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

The paper on the Cabinet meeting gathering the signatures is sent to the Imperial Palace and summary judgement is done by the Emperor.

Human affairs on high government officers, legislative bill or budget proposal which is submitted to the National Assembly is decided in the Cabinet meeting. When changing the interpretation on the right of collective self-defense in the constitution, the decision on the Cabinet meeting has been done.

The member of the House of Representative, of Councils submit an inquiry letter to the…

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or a private one?】

The members of the House of Representatives, of Councilors submit inquiry letter to the National Assembly and the paper answering it is decided on the Cabinet meeting as duty.

Mrs. Akie who was the wife of the late Prime Minister was a private figure. It has been decided in the Cabinet meeting. It’s an answer to the inquiry letter as well, but the decision on the Cabinet meeting isn’t a law but the intention indicating from the Cabinet, so it has to be accepted in the National Assembly so as to be the law.

• 共感4

【is the wife of the Prime Minister..】

《The answer to the inquiry letter has been increased》

The decision on the Cabinet meeting often becomes a news, for the content on the answer to the inquiry letter from the member of the National Assembly has to be decided in the Cabinet Meeting.

The member on the National Assembly asked a question and the ministers answered it. We frequently saw it on the news, but except for it, questions and answer has been done. It’s submitting inquiring letters and answering them.

Members on a minor opposing political party can’t secure enough time on the Q and A.

• 共感4

【is the wife of the Prime Minister …】

《The answer to the inquiry letter has increased》

But if it’s the member in the National Assembly, everyone can ask the question to the Cabinet with letters by way of the chairman. It’s the inquiry letter. He or she invokes the administrate investigation rights as the Diet Member.

As a result, submitting the inquiry letter from Diet member has increased so much, accompanying by increasing the decision on the Cabinet meeting.

What is the content on the inquiry letter concretely? As to the status on Mrs. Akie who was the wife of then the Prime Minister…

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister…】

《The answer to the inquiry letter has increased》

The member on the opposing party submitted the inquiry letter on the status of Mr. Akie and its content was like the next.

Has the status on the wife of the Prime Minister in the Cabinet been provided in the current law?

Is the wife of the Prime Minister in the Cabinet a public figure or a private one?

The Prime Minister Shinzo Abe answered a letter of appointment for her isn’t issued, so he said she isn’t the public figure at the general budget, does it mean that the Prime Minister in the Cabinet …

• 共感4

【is the wife of the Prime Minister…?】

《The answer to the inquiry letter has increased》

… it means that the Prime Minister in the Cabinet hasn’t issued the letter for the appointment, so it doesn’t meet a legal requirement, so does it mean the wife of the Prime Minister isn’t the public figure?

While thinking that the delegation by the First Lady who is the wife of the Prime Minister is significant and contributes to the national interest, her legal status isn’t arranged enough, so we’ve found it inconvenient, so giving the legal status to the wife of the Prime Minister as law is …

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister…】

《The answer to inquiry letter has increased》

…so giving the legal status to the wife of the Prime Minister is indispensable in the future, isn’t it?

The inquiry letter asked the Cabinet to show the opinion on the government for each question, and the government answered like the next.

The wife of the Prime Minister in the Cabinet means the spouse for the Prime Minister in the Cabinet, and general speaking it has been used as our society, so when using it, we don’t have to issue the letter of appointment as public officer.

We’ve recognized the public….

• 共感4

【Is the wife of the Prime Minister…】

《The answer to the inquiry letter has increased》

We’ve recognized the public figure is in the government service, on the other hand, the private one has been used as its antonym, so the wife of the Prime Minister isn’t the public figure but the private one.

It seems that we suffered disappointment. Is the wife of the Prime Minister a public figure or the private one? As her status has been unclear, so it should be clear, the question is done, but its explanation is a common opinion from beginning to the end. It’s natural for us not to convinced the…

• 共感4

＞＞392

It’s natural for us not to convince it’s right. Not only the answer in the National Assembly but barren questions and answers over the inquiry letters continue.

【加計 Academy and national strategic special zone】

A friend of the Prime Minister Shinzo Abe manages the Kake academy and the phrase on the national strategic special zone has frequently appeared over the matter on the foundation of veterinary medicine newly. What’s happened in the world?

Structure reform special zone is a similar phrase. Easing regulation has been carried out in the link of chain as easing regulation in the…

• 共感4

【Kake Academy and National Strategic special zone】

Easy regulation has been carried out in the link of chain of the Koizumi Cabinet from 2003. Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 who made progress the policies of reform and openness established the economic special zone, and carried out the bold easing regulation and triggered the economic development. The former Prime Minister Koizumi imitated it.

Doburoku special zone became a news. A special case was allowed to found in the liquor tax act, and production on Doburoku allowed to produce then. In addition, all the class was done in English alone was allowed…

• 共感4

【Kake academy and National strategic special zone】

…all the classes were done English alone was allowed at school in limited area as special case. Though they were epoch making for a while, they didn’t become the detonator changing the society nor the economy in Japan greatly.

On the other hand, the National strategic special zone was thought as the third arrow in what is called Abenomix in the second Abe Cabinet. What is the three arrows in the Abenomix?

It‘s bold financial measure, flexible financial measure, and growth strategy causing investment from private sector.

The bold…

• 共感4

【Kake academy and national strategy special zone】

The bold financial measure is easing economic policy carried out by the Bank of Japan, introducing even the negative interest rate policy.

The flexible financial measure is issuing the government bond more and more and increasing the public work, making the economy good.

In spite that the two arrows were released, the economy doesn’t grow autonomically in Japan, so the growth strategy causing the investment from private sector appeared. One of the growth strategy was the national strategy special zone. The way of calling is exaggerated.

• 共感4

【Kake academy and national strategic special zone】

What is the national strategic special zone? It seems it means abolishing strong regulations in the past and making the economy in Japan active so as to make Japan escape from deflation, making Japan victorious among the global competition.

What is related the founding veterinarian medicine to making Japan victorious among the global competition?

There is regulation in various fields in Japan. Some of them are necessary, but others the ones which protect the benefit on a public office or industry groups. Getting rid of the regulation and…

• 共感4

【Kake academy and national strategic special zone】

…and making Japan wealthy, but there is the regulation on founding veterinary medicine.

《Though it has never been founded, but it will be enlarged ?》

As to the veterinary medicine, new foundation has never been allowed to be done for no less than 52 years, for the number of the veterinary was enough, so the Ministry of Education has never accepted the application on new foundation. Therefore, the Abe Cabinet wanted to say it’s getting rid of the regulation.

If it’s getting rid of regulation and producing a breakthrough on the recovery…

• 共感4

【Kake academy and national strategic special zone】

…and producing a breakthrough on recovery for the economy, accepting the application on new foundation of the veterinary medicine more and more and it’s all right, but it’s no more than one school of which application is accepted.

Imabari city in Ehime prefecture has been appointed as the national strategic special zone January in 2016 and the foundation on the veterinary medicine was added to the business in which being able to handle in the national strategic special zone, and Kake academy was chosen January in 2017.

The letter…

• 共感4

【Kake academy and national strategic special zone】

The letters written the intention on the Prime Minister becomes clear, and almost all of them were the time before the new foundation on the veterinary medicine was decided, and the Prime Minister already referred to the Kake Academy on the letters.

Kyoto Sangyo University, though if expressing in English, I’m sure industry is appropriate, but the phrase on sangyo is adopted in the internet, so I follow it.

Kyoto Sangyo university applied for the new foundation on the veterinary medicine, but the policy making the new foundation be…

• 共感4