Let's enjoy English 12th

【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Doomsday theory in Islam》

Likewise the Christianity, the Islam believe in the single and absolute god thoroughly and obeyed the teaching from the god, so they are relieved. They have believed that the world comes to an end like the Christianity.

Before long when the world comes to an end, the dead who were asleep underground were awaken and were pulled out in front of the god. Weighting up options that a good thing and a bad thing when being alive one by one.

According to Koran, there are angels on each of our shoulder.

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【Religion】

《Doomsday theory in Islam》

The angels have watched our behaviors and described them. When being pulled out in front of the god, the record was taken out. Then the record was put on the balance. If the good thing is heavier, even if a little heavier, being able to go to heaven. If the bad thing is heavier, falling into the hell. It’s the way of thinking on the Islam.

As long as reading Koran and obeying its teaching, everyone can go to the heaven. It’s the Islam, so beyond the race and the nation, it spread out all over the world. It means the Islam also becomes the world religion

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Doomsday theory in Islam》

In particular, Muslim has increased in America nowadays. America is the society where there is severe difference between the poor and the rich. The people who suffer from the difference are attracted to the teaching from the Islam, everyone is equal being in front of the god, so the people who converted from the Christianity to the Islam have increased.

It is said there are from ten billion hundred million to ten billion six hundred million of the Islam in the world.

On the other hand, as to the …

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【Religion】

《Doomsday theory in Islam》

On the other hand, as to the Christians, if adding to the various religious sects, its total number is some two billion, so the Christianity is more than the Islam in the world, but there are some people who predict that the Islam will be more than the Christianity in the future.

As to the number on the Islam in Japan, though there has never been exact data on it, it is said one hundred and ten thousand. The Islam who have the Japanese nationality is some ten thousand, and the rest of some hundred thousand are the one who have come here so as to work…

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【Religion】

…and the rest of some hundred thousand are the ones who have come to Japan so as to work from the Islamic world.

《Gautama Siddhartha became a Buddhist priest》

From now on there is the story on Buddhism.

Around B.C. five century far away before Jesus was born, a son was born at Shaka family of Lumpini in the Ancient India. He was named Gautama Siddhartha. His father received message from the heaven that his son will abandon his kingdom and go out from it before long.

His father was surprised at it, so his father made Gautama Siddhartha lead a luxury life and prevented him from…

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born?】

《Gautama Siddhartha became a Buddhist priest》

…and prevented him from taking interest in the outside world, but one day, he went out of the palace and came across the sick, the old, the one who parted from the beloved or the one who was dead. As long as being in the palace, there were young people alone there, so the world where he had never seen until then spread out in front him outside the palace.

He looked at the people who lived, be older, be sick and be dead, and thought and was worried about, why did people live?

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【Religion】

《Gautama Siddhartha became a Buddhist priest》

He abandoned his wife and children, his position as the king and went into ascetic training then. After that seeking after enlightenment, going through severe ascetic training, but he didn’t go well as he expected.

He was aware that even if going through that hardships it was useless, and zen sitting mediated under a sacred fig 菩提樹, he enlightened then at last.

After that Gautama Siddhartha travelled around all over India and his pupils increased, and his pupils spread out his teaching. Buddhism is being spiritual awaken and …

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Gautama Siddhartha became a Buddhist priest》

Buddhism is spiritual awaken and escaped from various agony. It spread over each place in Asia.

Sanskrit was spoken in the Ancient Indian then, and Gautama Siddhartha was called Buddha which was awaken to the truth in Sanskrit. Teaching from Buddha spread out China and the Chinese character of 仏陀 is used for Buddha, and the Chinese character came into Japan, and the way of saying changed into 仏様、仏陀の教え, so 仏 was a Chinese character as phonetic symbol rather than for its meaning.

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【Religion】

《Reincarnation and salvation from the bondage of this world》

There was religion called Brahmanism in the ancient India, and Buddha used to be a follower under the Brahmanism. Buddhism and Hindi were born from the Brahmanism, so Buddhism and Hindi has a relation like relatives.

The thought on reincarnation which is the basic way of thinking on Buddhism has been influenced over Brahmanism, and the thought of reincarnation also exists in Hindi.

Reincarnation means all the creature including human being are born again being other creature or other human being again, and it…

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【Religion. From when was the simple and absolute god born? 】

《Reincarnation and salvation from the bondage of this world》

…and being born again is repeated forever, but Brahmanism has caste system which is strict status system. When being born again, it’s the same status, so the Hinduism limited to India alone, and didn’t become the world religion.

On the other hand, as long as doing good things when living everyone can be born again in good stage in the next life, but doing bad things, they may have been a beast in the next. They thought like that in Buddhism.

The way of being on the …

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Reincarnation and salvation from the bondage of this world》

Thus, the way of being on the people isn’t fixed, so Buddhism is the world religion.

Reincarnation is never hopeful way of thinking. Living is something agonizing, Buddhism thinks like that, for the reincarnation repeats, being born over and over again, the agony repeats forever.

Escaping for the reincarnation is be awaken spiritually, the salvation form the bondage of this world.

Gautama Siddhartha used to be a follower under Brahmanism originally, he thought after…

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【Religion】

《Reincarnation and salvation from bondage of this world》

…Gautama Siddhartha thought after being dead he was born again. Even if being dead, he’d come back this agonizing world again. Is there a way from escaping from this torment? He was worried about, then he was awaken spiritually. It means going out of the ring of the reincarnation.

Gautama Siddhartha was awaken spiritually under the sacred fig at the age of 35, so he would never be born again.

The author said like that, but I’m not sure of what he said, and the author continued.

Without being born again and reaching…

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Reincarnation and salvation from bondage of this world》

Without being born again and reaching the stage relieving from all the agony. It means entering nirvana 涅槃に入る. Salvation from bondage of this world and entering nirvana, it’s ideal on Buddhism.

It’s shocking, isn’t it? Without asking for being born again in good condition, but without being born again in this world. It’s original ideal on Buddhism, so the way of thinking is different from other religion in other area.

The single and absolute god which created the world…

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【Religion】

《Reincarnation and salvation from bondage of this world》

The single and absolute god which created the world exists in both Judaism, Christianity and Islam, but that existence has never been assumed in Buddhism. On the assumption that the outer space and the world have already existed in the Buddhism.

How should we live in the right way in that world? Thinking of it and cultivating our mind, it’s the Buddhism.

But the people who believe in the single and absolute god criticized like the next.

As the god doesn’t exist, it’s not religion, or it’s not religion but philosophy…

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【Religion. From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

…or it’s not religion but philosophy founded by instructed by Buddha.

《Religion changes》

Religion changes according to the natural condition or climate each place, the author expressed like that before, at the same time there is one thing which we should know. In the process when spreading out, the religion changes in varied ways.

Roughly speaking, Islam is divided into Sunni and Shia.

Sunni doesn’t make much of a tomb at all, for even if being dead, it’s just that the human waits for the end of this world underground.

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【From when was the single and absolute god born?】

《Religion changes》

On the other hand, Shia in Iran raises a nice tomb like in Asia, and if a Saint was dead, after being dead, a mausoleum for the saint is set up, and lots of people visit there.

There is the tomb for Khomeini who led the revolution on Iran and Iraqi. Plenty of believers go there and make a wish or pray for something. Some of them tied the paper in which their wish was written to wire mesh. It resembles a fortune slip 御神籤 in Japan.

When drawing the fortune slip in Japanese shrine, if being a lucky, taking back to the home…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Religion changes》

…if being a good luck, taking back to the home with it, and if being a bad luck, tying it with the branch of the tree nearby and left it behind. The situation resembles the behavior in the people of the Shia very much.

Moreover, when their wish come true, the believers in the Shia pay a visit of thanks to a shrine, and pay the money. It also resembles offering money in the Japanese shrine somehow.

Though it’s Islam, the Shia which has strong Asian characteristic is close to paying visit to the shrine. It’s interesting.

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Religion changes》

In Syria where the civil war continues at present, there is an Islamic mystical group called Alawite. President Assad belongs to the Alawite as well. The Alawite belongs to the Shia in a general meaning. Though it’s Islam, there is the way of thinking on the reincarnation in the Alawite.

After being dead, it could have been waiting for the world comes to an end underground in the Islam, but if doing something bad, it will be born again as animal in the Alawite. It’s the same with the Buddhism.

Considering it, even if…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

…even if being the same religion, it turns out that its content changes so much, according to the climate or to the culture.

《Change on the Christianity and on the Buddhism》

As the time goes by, the Christianity and Buddhism have changed greatly.

As for the Christianity, the Ancient Rome Empire divided into the east and west at the end of fourth century, the believers of the Christianity in the East Roman Empire changed into Greek Orthodox Church. The Greek Orthodox Church spread over the East Europe soon, and it learned to be called…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The change on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

…the Greek Orthodox Church learned to be called Eastern Orthodox Church.

On the other hand, the Christianity remained in the West Roman Empire learned to be called Catholic before long. It means general.

What is called get out of jail card 免罪符 learned to be sold in the Catholic Church so as to get money for building a nice church in Vatican. If buying the get out of jail card, being able to forgive all the sins in the past, publicizing like that, the Church gathered the money.

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

Then the ones who insisted that it made the Christianity corrupt appear. They are called the Protestant. It means that the people who lift up their voice, protesting.

Thus the Christianity has divided into the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Church, and Protestant, in addition, there are lots of religious sects in the Protestant.

As to the Buddhism, after Buddha was dead, the way of thinking divided among the believers. It’s Mahayana Buddhism 大乗仏教, and Himalaya one 小乗仏教.

When the Buddhism spread…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

When the Buddhism spread, they divided the ones who sat in the position of high rank and the general public who listened to the teaching from the position of high rank.

The people who sits on the position of high rank became Buddhist priests and immersed themselves in ascetic training so as to achieve enlightenment. They were a traditional group.

On the other hand the others who expressed the doubt appeared, is it all right if the Buddhist priests alone were relieved? They learned to have…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism 》

They learned to have opinion that all the people had to be relieved, so the confrontation occurred then.

The latter group called themselves a big vehicle which can save all the people, so they named themselves 大乗仏教, and criticized the former who were absorbed in the ascetic training so as to get enlightenment, they thought of themselves alone, it’s all right as long as they alone were relived as if they had been board a little vehicle, so it was called 小乗仏教.

The word of 小乗仏教 has meaning…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

The word of 小乗仏教 includes the meaning of criticism, so it has never been used lately, instead the way of saying, 上座部仏教 has been used at present. It means literally that their position is high rank because their teaching is wonderful.

While the 上座部仏教 has spread over India, and Thailand of Indochina peninsula, 大乗仏教 has come to Japan and Korean Peninsula via China, and divided into various religious sects in Japan then.

For example, in the Kamakura era, Nichiren who criticized 浄土宗 appeared

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【From when was the single and absolute god born?】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

Reciting 南無阿弥陀 in 浄土宗. It means being converted to 阿弥陀, obeying it. As long as obeying 阿弥陀, being able to go to the heaven.

On the other hand, 日蓮 admired other teaching, and 創価学会 was born from 日蓮宗, and it’s be independent from the head temple. Thus, the Buddhism has divided minutely even in Japan alone.

As a result, the Buddhism which has changes into the original one in Japan is completely different from the thought and teaching in the original Buddhism. The Buddhist priest must be single…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

The Buddhist priest must be single for the rest of its life, but it can get married and can drink.

Furthermore, raising a tomb in the temple and honoring our ancestors in the Buddhism in Japan, but there has never been the way of teaching in the Buddhism originally.

When going to India and Tibet where the Buddhism in the early time remains, burning the dead body and throwing its ash into the river. They never raise the tomb. Why do the Japanese raise the tomb? Buddhism was transmitted to…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《Changes on the Christianity and the Buddhism》

Buddhism transmitted to China and after that it came to Japan, then the way of thinking on honoring ancestors originating from China has been introduced into Japan.

The Buddhism that raising the tomb in the family temple and mourning ancestors is the one which has changed completely from the original via China.

《The essence on the religious conflict》

If looking back on the history, or even at present, conflicts among the religion have never stopped, but when looking at the conflict closely…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The essence on the religious conflict》

…there has hardly been the conflict from the difference between the religion itself. If looking at it closely, it’s the conflict over the land or resource. For example, the Palestinian issue.

The Jews returned to the place where they used to live so as to found their kingdom but the Arabians who were Islam have already lived there. The Jews insisted that the place belonged to them, but the Arabian yelled at them they have lived there at present, so developed into a big trouble. If tracing back to…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The essence on the religious conflict》

If tracing back to the origin on the conflict, it’s not the religious difference but the conflict was caused from the trouble on the territory.

Violent killing each other which had blood for blood occurred between Catholic and Protestant at the North of Ireland of England, for the residents whose ancestor were the Catholic were discriminated by the Protestant over getting jobs and its residents, so requesting being independent, and it developed into the conflict.

In fact the difference between the…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

In fact the difference between the religion makes the conflict escalate, but not only the conflict on the territory, the resource, but the power struggle developed into the conflict.

Thus, each of religion has divided into each of religious sects.

《The religion for us the people who live at present》

How should we who live at present grasp the religion?

There is the power beyond the reach by the human being. What’s it? The religion has started from there originally. Science has developed at present. When looking at the religion from the…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The religion for us who live at present》

When looking at the religion from the scientific viewpoint, we find it impossible to understand each of teaching on the religion a little, but even if the scientific civilization has developed so much, there have been lots of things to be worried about for us.

Though we are usually neither interested in the god nor in the Buddha at all, when being about to be fallen from the cliff, without knowing we’re forced to pray, help me the god and Buddha! Or we visit the shrine immediate before an…

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

《The religion for us who live at present》

Or we visit a shrine immediate before an entrance exam. There are lots of those things for us.

Eventually, we the human being are an weak existence. We can’t do everything for ourselves, so we’re forced to be dependent on something super natural beyond the power of human being. Even if science has developed, those things tend to happen.

The religion makes us feel a sense of peace within ourselves, didn’t we? It’s the weakness on the human being, or there is existence beyond the power of the people.

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【From when was the single and absolute god born? 】

It’s just that each of us should think over it, but at first as we the human being are weak, so we believe in the religion. When looking back on the religion again in which we believe, our life will be different altogether, the author said like that.

【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by the Higgs particle 】

《From Ptolemaic theory to Copernican theory》

The god created the world, before the science was born like the present time, we used to thought like that, though lots of people have thought like that in the world at present.

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《From Ptolemaic to Copernican theory》

If the god created the world, there must have been a splendid law there. The trial of revealing the law has led to science.

For instance, there is a regularity on the movements for stars. The sun rises from the east and goes down in the west every day. The moon repeats of waxing and waning regularly.

The regular movements on the heavenly body must have been created by the god, so there could have been the law on the outer space, seeking its answer and wanting to reveal the feat by the God.

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《From Ptolemaic to Copernican theory》

Science on the outer space has developed from the intention.

There is a word on 天動説 in Japanese. The theory means that the heaven moves literally, so the earth stops at the center of the outer space and all the other heavenly bodies circle around the earth.

As the people in the ancient time didn’t think the earth moved, so they thought the moon, the sun and other stars circle around the earth, but Galileo made a telescope for himself and looked at the outer space with the hand made telescope.

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《From Ptolemaic to Copernican theory》

To his surprise, there were four satellites around the Jupiter and four of them circle around the Jupiter, so the earth may have circled passed through the other orbit, Galileo suddenly noticed it.

To tell the truth, there used to be a person who realized it before Galileo. It was Copernicus who played an active role in the former part of the 16th century

When looking at the various movements on the heavenly bodies, Copernicus realized. The sun didn’t circle around the earth but the earth…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle 】

《From Ptolemaic to Copernican theory》

...but the earth moves around the sun. The earth moves around, so it's expressed 地動説 in Japanese. Copernicus presented the great reversal theory from moving the heaven to moving the earth. The phrase of Copernican rotation was born from there. When Something that exceeding the moral values of our society happened, we call it the Copernican rotation.

Besides, Newton appeared in the 17th century. As to Newton, there is a famous story on the apple. When looking at a apple fall from the tree...

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《From Ptolemaic to Copernican theory》

...Newton thought why the apple fell from the tree. Though the apple fell, why did the sun and the moon fall from the heaven? Contrary to it, why did the earth fall to the sun? He thought like that.

He sought for his question, he realized that all the things have power of pulling each other and giving the theory on the law of universal gravitation.

All of the substance which have the mass have worked out the power pulling each other, and the way of working out the power is fixed by the mass...

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《From Ptolemaic to Coperunican theory》

...and the way of working out the power is fixed by the mass and distance of each of substance. It's the law on the universal gravitation. He explained the movements on the planets, being based on the theory.

It becomes clear that the law on the universal gravitation works out the same both on the ground and in the outer space.

《The Christianity didn't permit the Copernican theory to exist》

But it doesn't always mean that the people changed the way of thinking from the Ptolemaic to...

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the Copernican theory to exist》

But it doesn’t always mean that the people changed the way of thinking from Ptolemaic to Copernican easily. In the society where the Christianity ruled, the Ptolemaic theory in which the earth was the center of the outer space was permitted by the church officially then. Raising an objection to the Ptolemaic theory means criticizing the Christianity.

The authority on the Christianity was overwhelming in Europe, so announcing the Copernican theory is risking of its life

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the Copernican theory to exist》

Actually Copernicus didn’t announce his writing when being alive, he planned to be done after his death. An Italian philosopher who approved of the Copernican theory was cast into prison and was punished by burning at the stake.

Galileo was also taken to a religious trial against the doctrine on the Christianity and ordered to abandon the Copernican theory.

Difficult relation between the religion and science was shown there. Copernicus was a priest on the Catholic.

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the Copernican theory to exist》

Galileo was also a pious believer of the Catholic. Both of Copernicus and Galileo didn’t deny the existence of the God. Far from it, they thought the world made by the god must have worked out by a beautiful law, so they announced the Copernican theory.

On the other hand, the side of the church thought like the next.

Without cracking down a thing which was against the doctrine even if a little, their authority was damaged. Therefore if what they thought was…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the Copernican theory to exist》

Therefore if what they thought was different from the scientific knowledge, they deny the science.

There are some people who have the same attitude as the Christianity at present. When coming across a thing which is inconsistent with what they believed absolutely, they deny the thing which is inconsistent. It isn’t limited to fanatic religious believers alone.

Some of economists say when seeing the movement on the market which is inconsistent with their theory, they…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the Copernican theory to exist》

…some of the economists said the market was in the wrong. Even if being unable to explain the reality, there are some people who don’t recognize they are in the wrong. They insist that not their theory but the real movement is in the wrong.

It‘s a digression 余談, the thing that the market is in the wrong tends to happen in the economic activity, for lots of participants in the economic activity misunderstood something, or taking into action by their own subjective…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《The Christianity didn’t permit the existence on the Copernican theory》

…so the market doesn’t move rationally sometimes, but the mistake will be mended automatically, so if taking a long range view, the market is right. Getting back to the main topic.

Scientific knowledge, or law is so persuasive that the people were forced to recognize them before long, thus the scientific attitude connected with political sophistication or economics and became the driving force which escaping from the society on the Christianity in the…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

…the scientific attitude became the driving force escaping from the society on the Christianity in the medieval period to the civil society.

《Is religion and science separated? 》

Has the religious enthusiasm of wanting to solve the law on the world created by the God disappeared after the science in the modern times? The author said he doesn’t think it has.

This isn’t the time when the religion rules the society publicly, but there have been lots of people who believe in the existence on the god as individual, so the scientific…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《Has religion and science been separated? 》

…so the scientific engagement has been promoted by two of driving force, the one is pure curiosity on the nature and the outer space, and the other is the religious inquiring mind of wanting to find the intention on the God. It seems to have the side like that, the author said like that.

The author said in the lecture that there used to be lots of elites in the science course enter university. As there has never been the background on the Christianity in Japan, so there seems to be…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《Has religion been separated from science? 》

…so there seems to be almost none of the researchers who try to research so as to make it clear how great the God is. Lots of them seem to inquire the science with the pure curiosity.

The ones who research science so as to find how great the god is don’t be worried about anything. On the other hand, the others who started to research science with the pure curiosity tend to have a question, what is for the science? Even if pursuing the science itself, it turned out lots of things have…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《Has religion been separated from science? 》

…it turned out everything becomes clear, both on the birth ,of the outer space and of the creature, they are forced to think it’s just that they are the set of coincidence. The researchers have thought that they wanted both of the birth on the outer space and the birth on the creature to be as a matter of necessity, but they felt in vain there, so the ones who wanted their research to be something significant ended up entering the Aum which was one of religious groups. It has the side…

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【Outer space. Our origin has been solved by Higgs particle】

《Has religion been separated from science? 》

It has the side like it, doesn’t it? Considering, science and religion don’t contracted each other as we expect. Both of them are the same with regard to the point of expressing the mystery on the world and on the outer space, so both of them connect each other by a trifle matter.

《The great discovery by Hubble》

The topic returns to the outer space.

Though going through from the Ptolemaic to Copernican theory, there was still little knowledge on the outer space then. After that the…

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