Let's enjoy English 12th

《If failing to shoot down in the outer space…? It’s three minutes alone until it reaches Japan》

The place where the ballistic missile reaches is the capital region. It’s simulated like that this time. The intercepting system which we can adopt is four places. Ichigaya in Tokyo, Kasumigaura in Ibaragi prefecture, the military base of Iruma in Saitama, and Yokosuka in Kanagawa prefecture.

The interception system can intercept the height 15 km from the ground. The place overhead 15 kilometers from the ground is the intercepting point. If the ballistic missile is higher place than 15 …

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《If failing to shoot down in the outer space…? It take three minutes alone until it reaches Japan》

If the ballistic missile is higher place than 15 km, the intercepting system is of no use.

How far is 15 km from the ground? It doesn’t ring a bell very well.

The height where an airline flies is some 10 km. It means that it flies the place where we can see from the ground, so roughly speaking, the defending missile is done in the same height.

《The last stronghold is PAC-3 in the Air Self Defense Force. It one minute alone left until it reaches Japan》

PAC-3 system is a patriot missile.

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《The last stronghold is PAC-3 in the Air Self Defense Force. It’s one minute alone left until it reaches Japan》

The Patriot missile is the one shooting down a missile from the ground.

The ballistic missile plunged into the atmosphere again, so there isn’t enough time to shoot down, but shooting down it in the slight time. It has to be done.

It takes one minute until it reaches the ground, and the time for shooting down the ballistic missile is no more than dozens of seconds.

As to the speed on the ballistic missile at this time, it’s said Mach 10. Mach 1 is the speed of sound. The speed…

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《The last stronghold is PAC-3 in the Air Self Defense Force. It’s only one minute alone is left until it reaches Japan》

The speed which the sound is transmitted. The sound of speed changes according to the situation in the atmosphere like the temperature, and roughly speaking it’s 1200 kph, and Mach 10 is ten times as fast as it is, so the ballistic missile falls down with the speed of 12.000 kph.

Intercepting on the three stage is hitting the warhead which isn’t only fast but is a very small target with a pinpoint, so it’s very hard duty.

Failing to shoot down must not do there, so the…

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…so the PAC-3 is called the last stronghold when intercepting the ballistic missile.

Countdown stopped. It’s three second left until it reaches on the ground in Japan. Succeeded in shooting down.

《Even if succeeded in shooting down, there is fear that there is damage on the ground》

It’s the simulation when succeeded in shooting down the ballistic missile, but even if being able to shoot down, if the fragment on the destroyed ballistic missile falls down on the ground, there may have been damage on the ground.

If a nuclear weapon is loaded on the ballistic missile, when shooting down…

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《Even if succeeded in shooting down, there is a fear that there may have been damage on the ground》

…when shooting down overhead and even if the nuclear weapon doesn’t explode there, there is a dangerous situation that radioactive material spreads. How hard defending the missile is!

Except for the simulation this time, the Self Defense Force and the U.S.Army work together and assume varied cases.

If lots of ballistic missiles are firing at the same time, what happens? Or if the information on the missile doesn’t reach Japan, or being late for the information, what should we do? We have …

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We have lots of things to consider.

《The most important thing is preventing the country from firing》

Evacuation drill against the missile has learned to be done each place in Japan in 2017. It is sure that our tension escalates.

When looking at the international situation at present, preparing for the worst scenario is indispensable, on the other hand, if firing the ballistic missile to Japan, North Korea will be retaliated due to the Japan-U.S. Security treaty, and large amount of missiles fly over Pyongyang and all of them annihilate. North Korea recognize it enough.

If thinking over…

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《The most important thing is preventing the country from firing》

If thinking over it, we know making Japan be burned to the ground is just a threat, but even if it’s just the threat, we the Japanese prepare for the attack from North Korea. What should we do at present? We should think over it, and the most important thing is we must not make the country fire. Prevent them from firing. It’s the most important thing, the author said like that.

《The last message from the author》

Then the Abe Prime Minister offered the idea of revising constitution to an Extraordinary Diet autumn in 2017.

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《The last message from the author》

The content on the revise of the constitution is stating the existence on the Self Defense Force at the 9 article in the constitution clearly, and carrying out the revised constitution in 2020. He showed the plan like that.

Some people say the existence on the Self Defense Force becomes clear, on the other hand, other people are worried about that the peaceful constitution which the Japanese maintained for seventy years after the World War Ⅱ is destroyed. It’s also the reality which we can’t deny.

There is North Korea which has a nuclear weapon in front …

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《The last message from the author》

There is North Korea which has a nuclear weapon in front of us as threat, so we need to think the existence on the Self Defense Force once again. What is the Self Defense Force first of all?

The author said he wants us to think over it. Recognizing the Self Defense Force enough and how should we locate it? He said he wants us to consider it.

The book, 知らないではすまされない自衛隊の本当の実力, was over at last, so I’m going to start a new topic from now on, but there are some books to express, and I’m worried about it. Which one should I choose?

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【The book which I try to express from now on】

I’m going to express the book written by Akira Ikegami. Its title is おとなの教養. Some of contents are categorized as science, so I’m sure I should express it in other thread of mine, but other contents which aren’t categorized as science.

When expressing something in English, I want to do it at one stroke, so I hate to categorize one by one. I’m going to start with its preface.

【Where do we come from? Where are we going?】

It seems to be an eternal question for the human race from the past to the present time. The people have racked their brain…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

People have racked their brain so as to find its answer, and as a result, religion was born, philosophy has developed, various history have been described, and the mystery on the space and the earth have been solved.

Academic system which the human race has constructed is the outcome by tackling the question of the beginning, the author said like that, and spoke to his readers like the next.

You’ve lived some decades until now, so you want to learn once again, and there is the question in the bottom of your heart. Where have we come from?…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

And where are we going? The question isn’t yours alone. The question is the one which the human race faced in the past. Adopting sincere stance on the question has constructed the Academic system, what is called liberal arts.

The liberal arts have developed as modern culture each time. Looking back on the history of the liberal arts and trying to think over the past, present time and the future on the human race with you the readers, so the book was born, the author said like that.

《Difference between humanities and science》

To my surprise…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Difference between the humanities and science》

To my surprise, in general, the word of liberal arts seems to be interpreted as 文系, but the author seems to adopt different meaning. The word which the author adopts includes both the humanities and science, I’m sure.

So I’m going to use the word of liberal arts here, but it doesn’t always mean 文系, the word includes both of the humanities and science.

What’s the liberal arts? The author asked us the readers and he said he belonged to organization, the center of the liberal arts of Tokyo…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Difference between humanities and science》

…the organization of liberal arts of Tokyo Polytechnic University, and the author has undertaken professor and taught students there.

Why has he undertaken the professor in the university? The one which triggered him to undertake the professor was the great earthquake in the eastern Japan March in 2011.

The author thought he stopped the job on TV at the end of March in that year, and devoted himself to writing, so he had few jobs in relation to TV then, so after the great earthquake, he watched…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between the humanities and science》

…after the great earthquake in Tohoku region, all he did was watching the report on the nuclear disaster in Fukushima prefecture, but after that he was forced to appear on television so as to interpret the nuclear disaster. Then lots of grownups were driven by a sense of anxiety.

Why were they anxious?

For example, lots of words suddenly appeared since the nuclear disaster like radioactivity, radiation, radioactive material, becquerel, sievert.

The unit of curie used to be adopted for the…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between the humanities and science》

The unit of curie used to be adopted for radiation in the past. The curie was originated from Mrs. Curie. The author said lots of grownups may have learned or heard of the unit on micro curie, but the unit suddenly changes into becquerel and sievert. There must have been lots of people who heard the two of the unit for the first time since the great earthquake. What’s happened to the curie?

To tell the truth, the unit on the radiation has changed, but without any explanation for it, the word of…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《The gap between humanities and science》

…but without any explanation, the words suddenly appeared, so they didn’t know what happened, so they were driven by a sense of anxiety.

As they were anxious, they watched TV. Experts in university appeared TV and explained the nuclear disaster to viewers, but their speech was so professional that the viewers didn’t understand even if watching TV earnestly.

There used to be various press conference then, for example, Tokyo Electric Power Company held, the Chief Cabinet Secretary 官房長官 did, or Nuclear…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between humanities and science》

…or Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency did, but whichever the viewers listened to,their state of turmoil became deeper and deeper. They didn’t know what happened at all.

The ones who watched TV want to express more simply after the press conference, but none of news caster in the TV have any expertise, so they couldn’t have a comment easily, for if failing to have a comment well, it may have made viewers fall into anxiety, so they didn’t say anything and the content on the news changed at once.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between humanities and science》

Then the viewer thought as if they had been left behind.

Strange to say, as long as we know what the danger is, or the thing which we should be careful of, we can prepare for it, but if we don’t know what has happened, we’re forced to feel anxiety.

When watching the news on the nuclear disaster and listened to the experts, those things made the viewers feel more sense of anxiety then.

When watching it, the author felt keenly that humanities and science had separated clearly in Japan.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between science and humanity》

The ones whose thought tend to be humanities couldn’t understand when watching TV, on the other hand the others whose thought is apt to be science couldn’t understand what the ones whose thought tend to be humanities couldn’t understand.

The ones who majored in science are narrow-minded, so it’s problematic.

On the other hand, the ones who majored in humanities are problematic as well. Percentage on probability appeared on TV, their thought stopped. The author said he wanted the ones whose thought are …

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The gap between science and humanities》

The author said he wanted the ones whose thought tend to be humanities to understand on numbers or on scientific idea a little more.

There has been a deep gap between science and humanities, and there is the root on various problems and unhappiness which the present Japan has in the gap, the author said when watching the report on the nuclear disaster or the reaction on viewers on TV, professors in Tokyo Polytechnic University told the author they made a new organization and asked him to teach there.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The reason why the author undertook the offer》

Tokyo Polytechnic University is the one where lots of students who have excellent knowledge on science, but they learn expert scientific knowledge single-mindedly, so they tend to be narrow minded, or there are other people who hated national language and social studies in junior high school or high school, so they choose science in the university.

As a result, as to the school record on science and math alone, there are lots of excellent students who are superior to others in Tokyo University.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The reason why the author undertook the offer》

But they are narrow-minded socially, or don’t know anything about history. The professors in the university asked the author to teach those students various mechanism on the society or history.

Science and humanities separate each other. There is a gap between them and the author thought he wanted fill the gap, the offer from the professors connected with the thought of the author, and he didn’t think he wanted the students to be experts who were narrow minded, so he accepted the offer.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The reason why the author accepted the offer》

As to the lecture, the author told students the histories on both of Japanese and the world after the World War Ⅱ and the mechanism on the society.

Then the Koizumi Prime Minister said we should stop the nuclear power autumn in 2013, and his remarks was adopted as teaching material, asked students whether we stop making use of the atomic energy or the atomic power was indispensable as energy source.

Without being appointed by the author, the students raised their hands one after another and said…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《The reason why the author accepted the offer》

…and said their own opinion. There was support and rejection on the atomic energy, so the discussion developed enough, and author himself was stimulated by the discussion as well.

When the class was over in 2012, a student came to the author and said like the next.

As he hated the social studies so much that he chose Tokyo Polytechnic University, but he didn’t think the social studies was so interested, and the social studies isn’t the subject he had to learn by heart.

The author thought he…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

The author thought he wanted to tell the students how interesting to understand the mechanism on the history or on the society, so he thought his intention was conveyed to them, so he was happy.

《Faculty on liberal arts was disbanded》

The liberal arts has both of meaning of culture and humanities and I didn’t know until just now. It is shameful of me, and I’m sorry for it.

What is the liberal arts at present time? The author taught students it in university, but he asked himself, what is the liberal arts for us who live at present time?

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Faculty of the liberal culture was disbanded》

It’s such a big problem that there is no answer of perfect score.

The author proposed we think of the word of the liberal arts at first. As Tokyo Polytechnic University established the center of the liberal arts, other university founded the organization called liberal arts center or the faculty on the liberal arts.

Education names with the prefix liberal arts has started suddenly here and there. Why?

There used to be a subject called general education 一般教養 in university, but lots of students…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Faculty of liberal arts was disbanded》

…but lots of students said the general education was boring and useless. They entered university and wanted to learn something specialized as early as possible, it seemed that the general education repeated the class in high school, so they found it boring so much, especially for the ones who went through the way of being taught by instructor in a preparatory school found the class on the general education boring. They thought, why did they enter University?

Then the Ministry of Education set out a plan.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Faculty of liberal culture was disbanded》

The meaning on the plan was proceed with liberalization on education, and the standard on foundation of university was loosened.

For example, when founding university, there is a various standard on the site area, the number of professor, and number of books of which library has. What kind of faculty they have to study was fixed in its details, but the standard on the foundation of university was loosened, so university could do what it wanted to do, then what did the university do then?

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Faculty of liberal arts was disbanded》

Then the general education which wasn’t popular among students was disbanded, for companies which employed the students sought after the students who could hit the ground running 即戦力.

As a result, almost all of the universities disbanded the faculty of liberal arts and the professors on the liberal arts belonged to other faculty. Or the professors who belonged to the faculty became the one belonged to graduate school. When teaching in the graduate school means its allowance was added, so their income…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Faculty of liberal arts was disbanded》

…so the income of the professor increased a little.

As to the faculty belongs to professor, rank on the liberal arts was lower than other faculty, and the liberal arts was abolished and the professors belonged to the liberal arts moved to faculty, so their rank rose, so the professors themselves belonged to the liberal arts agreed with the abolition on the liberal arts, and if belonged to the graduate school, its income rose, so the professors were ready to agree with abolition on general education too.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Faculty of liberal arts was disbanded》

Thus teaching specialized knowledge to students more and more from the first year then, so the faculty of liberal arts was disbanded in lots of universities, but some of them were left in Tokyo university and some of other universities. What happened then?

When the graduates from the university where there was no general education became a member of society, there were lots of voices that university students don’t have common sense lately, being lack of liberal arts from the society so frequently.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Section of liberal arts was disbanded》

Complaint from companies which employed the students heightened then.

The university students didn’t have common knowledge lately, and being lack of liberal arts, the author said it used to be said from a long ago, but the section of liberal arts happened to be disbanded, so lots of people thoughts the section of liberal arts was disbanded, so the university students don’t have any common knowledge lately.

How should be educated in university? Lots of people thought like that then.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Background in which the liberal arts was looked back》

Then there happened an affair. Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway system by religious group, Aum in 1995.

Speaking of the affair by Aum, grownups ring a bell at once, but for the university students then it’s the affair before being old enough to understand what’s going around themselves.

A man who was last wanted belonged to the religious group, Aum was arrested in 2012, and the author told students on the story of Aum, all of them looked at the author with bewilderment.

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>> 21 【The Maritime Self Defense Force】 《The patrol plane which warns and… メモ
disaster　：　災害　（　https://eigo-bunpou.com/disaster/　）
rescuing：rescue（救出する, 助ける）の現在進行形 ( https://eigo-bunpou.com/rescue/ )

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＞＞235

【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Background in which liberal arts are looked back》

Considering, the students were eighteen or nineteen years old in 2012 when the author talked with them. The affair by Aum broke out was in 1995 when the students didn’t become old enough to understand what’s going around themselves, so all of the students didn’t know anything on the affair by Aum at all.

After the author told the students general knowledge on the Aum , and the religious group changed its name into ひかりの輪, or アレフ, and continued its activity. Then some of the students…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Background in which liberal arts are looked back》

Then some of the students were surprised at it, for they used to be invited to join in the religious group. Even if they were invited to join ひかりの輪, or アレフ, they didn’t know the historical fact that the two of the religious groups used to be Aum and killed lots of people, and the author was shocked at it.

Then the people who were highly educated participated in Aum easily and made sarin which was deadly poison. Some of them graduated from Tokyo polytechnic university. They made use of…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Background in which liberal arts are looked back》

…and they made use of the knowledge which they learned at Tokyo Polytechnic University and made a plant for making sarin. Why did it happen?

There are various traditional religious groups in Japan as well. Unchanged Buddhism also exists, but few people have contact points with Buddhism except for a funeral and a memorial service. The youth who didn’t know anything about Buddhism may have been attracted by the Aum which made full use of terms on Buddhism, the author said like that.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

Basic knowledge on religion has been thought as liberal arts, but having none of knowledge on it, it means that the second or third Aum may have been appeared again, so learning various liberal arts is necessary, as a results, they have been looked back then.

《The education on liberal arts in Japan》

What are the liberal arts in Japan at first? Its source in the time of Ancient Greece and Rome and are seven subjects which are basis on learning European university, concretely grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Education on liberal arts in Japan》

To become proficient at those seven subjects used to be condition as an educated person. Liberal arts means liberal technology, learning, and arts, and those things make people free, so if acquiring those things, people can escape from various restriction and prejudice and can develop free image and free thought, so the seven subjects which were described before were chosen. At university in European continent, those seven subjects must be taught from the 19th to 20th century, except for England. How about…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Education on liberal arts in Japan》

How about Japan?

Liberal arts used to be taught in old system in senior high school before the World War Ⅱ and in four year university after the war, but it was disbanded once.

When thinking over the liberal arts in Japan, the normal school has changed greatly in educational reform after the war as one more important event.

The normal school is a speciality school organization where teachers in school are trained. After the war, we the Japanese reflected that narrow minded teachers were sent to the…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Education on liberal arts in Japan》

…we the Japanese reflected that narrow minded teachers were sent to the society after the war. For example, the teachers used to teach their students to go to the war and die wonderfully before the war. Isn’t the education good? That kind of reflection was after the war.

《Being useful at once changes into the one which is of no use right away》

The author visited Harvard and Massachusetts University in 2013. Harvard university is top level one in the world. Its basis is liberal arts. There is a special…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changes into the one which is of no use immediately》

There is a special study on philosophy and anthropology as well, but learning in the wide range of cultural and scientific fields in Harvard.

For example in Japan, in general, the one who wanted to be a lawyer or a judge entered law school and studied for national bar examination.

On the other hand, at Harvard university, after receiving education on liberal arts four years, if wanting to be a doctor, going into a graduate school, a medical school. If wanting to be…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changes into the one which is of no use right away》

If wanting to be a lawyer or a judge, going into a law school, and if wanting to study business administration, going into business school.

Massachusetts university is the same one. The most impressive at Massachusetts University was its music class was very full, the author said like that.

A piano stood in a row from a line be line up and students studied on music there. The author asked why the students did like that. Teachers in university answered like the next.

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changes into the one which is of no use immediately》

Studying the cutting edge on scientific technology in Massachusetts university, and needless to say, students have been taught likewise, but even if how much the cutting edge on science was taught, they become commonplace in some four years, for the movement in the society is so fast. Then students have to study once again.

It is of no use to teach a thing which are hackneyed in four years in university. Instead of it, even if going out into the society, teaching…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changing into the one which is of no use right away》

…even if going out into the society, teaching the skill absorbing something new or creating something new for themselves in university.

The professor said like that, it’s the liberal arts and the music is one of the liberal arts.

Wellesley College is woman’s college for elite which is in suburb in Boston. It’s well known the one from which Hillary Clinton and Albright who used to be the secretary of the state in the Clinton government. The thoroughly education on…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changes into the one which is of no use immediately》

Thoroughly education on liberal arts has been done for four years there. When visiting there, the author was guided by a student who was African American girl. She seems to be very clever.

She said she had learned economics, but at the same time she said she hadn’t learned business administration in the university, and the author asked why.

She said the economics was indispensable knowledge which we analyzed the mechanism in the world. It’s necessary as liberal…

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going?】

《Being useful at once changing into the one which is of no use right away》

It’s necessary for us to learn as liberal arts.

On the other hand, the business administration is the one which is useful when finding work in the society. It’s too useful in the society at once, so we don’t learn in the university.

The author was surprised at it and though he was awakened to the truth. It means that studying economics as liberal arts in the present time in the university, but if wanting to learn business administration truly, we should go to business …

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【Where have we come from? Where are we going? 】

《Being useful at once changing into the one which is of no use right away》

…we should go to business school after graduating.

It is often said we the Japanese wants the university to teach the one which is useful at once, but America is different from it.

It’s a vocational college which teaches something useful at once, and what is called elite university teaches something useful which isn’t right away,

Being useful at once becomes being of no use right away when going out into the society, on the other hand, being of no use at once is…

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