レッツ　エンジョイ　イングリッシュ　18th

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Success on the experiment of destroying satellite》

The height on the artificial satellite which China succeeded in destroying is at eight hundred fifty kilometers, so it is possible that the artificial satellite belonged Japan will be destroyed easily. We are powerless against it.

America and Japan have developed jointly the system defending by missile at present, and its reconnaissance space craft detects of launching missile on the ground, and if it’s destroyed, defending system can’t function.

The success on the experiment has showed that the military…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

The success on the experiment has showed that the military technical skill of China is a serious threat for both of Japan and America.

《Modernization on the military power has advanced》

China succeeded in launching off a manned space flight in 2003 and has been the nation which can succeed in launching off the manned space flight after America and Russia, and it can success in 2006 as well.

Both of them are for a military purpose and it seems that China can take lots of picture for reconnaissance in this space flight. It shows China has tried the military…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Modernization on military power has advanced》

It shows China has tried to have the military force in the outer space as well.

China has deployed the intercontinental ballistic missile which keeps the whole America with range, what we call ICBM, the missile which loads atomic weapon.

There is the submarine which loads the intercontinental ballistic missile, and the missile will launch off from the submarine, and the submarine sinks so deep in the seabed that the military force in America can’t find out where the submarine is.

As to the missile which…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Modernization on military power has advanced》

As to the missile which doesn’t has the atomic weapon, some thousand of missiles which keeps Taiwan with range in particular, ten missile has been increased a year.

How much is the military strength in China?

The whole troop strength in China is a million and four hundred thousand in the army, and the army has seven thousand of tanks.

The navy has a quarter of million and five thousand and has fifty diesel submarine and seventy frigate and destroyer in total, and many of them are deployed at the sea at…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Modernization on military power has advanced》

…and many of them have been deployed around Taiwan.

The troop strength is forty thousand hundred, a fighter jet is some one thousand and five hundred, bombing plane is seven hundred and seventy five, and transport plane is four hundred and fifty, and the latest fighter jet has been opened to the mass media in China and it has been deployed in the military camp of each place.

China has modernized its military strength rapidly. As to the true ability on the military strength in China, the Defense Secretary …

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Modernization on military power has advanced》

…the Defense Secretary in America said the People’s Liberation Army used to be the army of the public of which aim was attrition warfare in the long time, but in the process of changing and reorganized of modern Amy which has the ability of carrying out short time showdown and powerful battle against the army which has high technical skill.

The enemy which has high technical skill is the military force in America. In short, America is wary of China which is getting the true ability resisting against America.

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Modernization on military power has advanced》

But the military budget in China has been veiled in secrecy. Though it has been announced its budget was five trillion and two hundred billion yen, but it seems that the number which was announced is just the part, and the large amount of fund is expending with other name. It has been guessed it is three times as many as the one which has been published actually.

《The military force in China is the one belongs to the Communist Army》

The military force in China is unique in the world, for it’s not the…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《The military force in China is the one which belongs to the Communist Party》

…for it’s not for the nation but for the Party. The name of the military force in China is the People’s Liberty Force, the force which relived the people, the organization which the Communist Party has established so as to relive the people in China.

Mao Zedong used to say the political administration is born from a gun muzzle. It shows the power of the military force can get the political administration, and maintain. The People’s Libration Army belongs to the Communist Party…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《The military force in China is the one which belongs to the Communist Party》

…and is under the leadership of the central military committee of the Communist Party even now.

There is other central military committee as the organization of the nation formally, and the People’s Liberation Army belongs to it, but both of the member of the military committee between the nation and the party is almost the same.

At the time of Tiananmen, the People’s Liberation Army took the field from the order of Deng Xiaoping who wasn’t in any national position, it shows…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

..it shows it’s the military force ordered by the party. As long as it has the huge organization like the People’s Liberation Army, the control by the Communist Party is safe and sound.

《Human wave tactics used to be its speciality》

The People’s Liberation Army has changed greatly as the time passed. It used to be called the Red Army when the Communist Party resisted against the National Party and developed the guerrilla battle.

At the time of the war between Japan and China when it fought against Japan, joining force with the National Party.

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Human wave tactics used to be its speciality》

After the World War Ⅱ, the Civil War started again, the People’s Liberation Army changed into a powerful organization supported by farmers.

As to the strategy and tactics at the early time of the People’s Liberation Party was the human wave tactics literally. Surrounding the enemy by the military force with overwhelming number of soldiers and annihilates the enemy, making the enemy drawn with the sea of the people.

If the enemy invades China, luring the military force of enemy into deep inside and surrounding…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Human wave tactics used to be its speciality》

…and surrounding the enemy. It used to be a defensive military force rather than an offensive one.

Except for the invasion into Tibet, the People’s Liberation Army made a war three times in the past. Korean War, the war between China and India, the war between China and Vietnam. A large amount of the military force advanced on foot with poor weapon every war, adopting a primitive way extremely.

It’s the military force so as to abolish the class in the political party for revolution, so it shouldn’t be the…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Human wave tactics used to be its speciality》

…so it shoudn’t be the class in the military force for the revolutionary party, as the idea made the class system in the military force abolish, even abolishing the class insignia on the military suit, so it seemed to be unclear who was who at a glance, no one can understand who was a commander nor who was a soldier with low rank easily.

《Being beaten by Vietnam and changed its policy》

The failure on the invasion into Vietnam made the character on the People’s Liberation Army so much.

Two hundred ….

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Beaten by Vietnam and changed its policy》

Two hundred thousand of the People’s Liberation Army broke through and invaded Vietnam in 1979. It’s the war between China and Vietnam.

The war in Vietnam continued until 1975 and China supported Vietnam then, but North Vietnam won and annexed south Vietnam and unified Vietnam was formed and the military force in Vietnam invaded Cambodia so as to fight against Pol Pot government which murdered the large number of the people in Cambodia.

China supported the government in Cambodia and invaded Vietnam so as to…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《As beaten by Vietnam its policy changed》

…and invaded Veitnam so as to support the Pol Pot government. Deng Xiaoping who ordered Vietnam said he would punish Vietnam.

China thought Vietnam was so small that it would won Vietnam easily and made the military force which was sent in Cambodia withdraw.

But without moving the military force in Cambodia, Vietnam took on the enemy from China with the garrison in the northern area alone, and China suffered a heavy loss.

Vietnam fought back against China with lots of modernized weapon captured from America…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《As beaten by Vietnam, its policy changed》

…the modernized weapon was captured from America during the war against America.

The military force in China which adopted the tactics of the human wave sea with poor weapon caused lots of casualties then. It has been guessed that the number of casualties was twenty thousand in China and on the other hand seven thousand in Vietnam.

China which invaded Vietnam so as to punish Vietnam suffered huge a big eye and withdrew in month.

Deng Xiaoping was shocked at it, for he was forced to know the armed force in China…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《As being beaten by Vietnam, its policy changed》

…for he was forced to know the military force in China was behind time. After that China embark on modernizing its military force by order from Deng Xiaoping, and the class system inside the military authority revived, decreasing the number of soldier and introducing modern weapon.

《The Gulf War was shocked》

It was the Gulf War which made the leadership in China turn pale in 1991. Coalition force of which center was America attacked the military force in Iraq so as to drive away Iraq from Kuwait.

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

Then the military force in China adopted the large amount of precision guided munitions and carried out pin point attack at the target.

The military force in America opened the situation positively. The whole world was shocked at the image that the target was destroyed. Executives in China watched the images and were forced to know the high technical skill in the military force in America.

If fighting against America, China would be unable to contend with America. Taking effort of modernizing the military force was accelerated from the feeling of crisis.

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《The military force in China aimed at reliving Taiwan》

The biggest target for the military force in China is relieving Taiwan. Though China calls itself a relief, it’s an invasion for Taiwan.

It’s hopeful for China to relieve Taiwan peacefully in the future, but if Taiwan announces its dependence, China would carry out military attack against Taiwan anyway, so China has deployed lots of missiles along the coast, furthermore, lots of fighter aircrafts have been deployed in the place where they can attack Taiwan direct.

But if the military force in America…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《The military force in China aimed at relieving China》

But if America intervenes in it, China wouldn’t carry out its aim, so China has tried to hold armed strength so as to hold America at bay.

Taiwan announces its dependence and China starts to prepare for attacking Taiwan, then the task force of aircraft carrier belong to America appears around Taiwan and takes position of intercepting attack from China. It’s a nightmare for China.

What China should do so as not to cause the situation? If having the ability of defeating America, America would hesitate …

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《The military force in China has aimed at relieving Taiwan》

…America would hesitate to take the field around Taiwan. Preventing America from supporting, and attacking Taiwan. It’s the scenario which China plans, so China has wanted to have an ability so as to contain America.

《Can America sacrifice Los Angels?》

If America prepares for a missile aiming at the territory belonged to China, China would have to compete against it with nuclear weapon.

China announced it in 2005

If America tried to defend Taiwan, does America prepare for sacrificing Los Angels?

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Can America sacrifice Los Angels?》

If Taiwan proclaims its independence and China takes a position of attacking, America would prepare for attacking the military base belonged to China in the continent of China. If having been done such a thing, Chins would attack Los Angels and San Francisco at the West Coast with nuclear weapon using transcontinental ballistic missile.

It’s a threat from China to America.

If America is worried about being attacked by nuclear weapon, America wouldn’t take into action of defending Taiwan, China seemed to think like that

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Can America sacrifice Los Angels?》

The announcement was done from an executive in the military force of China and caused international criticism, so the government in China said it’s announcement was private one from the executive and said it would obey the principle of not using the atomic weapon so as to strike first.

The nuclear weapon in China is for defense, so it wouldn’t use the nuclear weapon so as to strike first unless being attacked by the nuclear weapon.

China used to say like that in the past, and its policy doesn’t change at all, but the…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

…but the voice from the executive has been shown the real intention from the military force in China.

《China has started an aircraft carrier》

If China invades into Taiwan, it’s indispensable for achieving air superiority. The air superiority means that a fighter aircraft of its own country always flies over the sky, and prevents the fighter aircraft and bomber plane belonged to an enemy nation from flying there, so the aircraft carrier is indispensable.

If deciding to invade Taiwan, China has to transport soldiers to Taiwan by lots of battleships. But if…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《China has started an aircraft carrier》

But if the Air Force belonged to Taiwan has the air superiority, the naval vessels transporting soldiers would be sunk at the Taiwan Strait, so China always wants to keep lots of fighter aircrafts on standby over the sky so as to prevent it.

So the aircraft carrier is indispensable for China. If deploying the aircraft carrie in the Taiwan Strait, China can fly lots of carrier based planes from a place near the aircraft carrier.

But China has never held the aircraft carrier, for building and maintaining the aircraft…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《China has started to build an aircraft carrier》

…for building and maintaining the aircraft carrier needs high technical skill and take lots of money, but China has decided the policy of building the aircraft carrier for itself. It started at Shanghai and aimed at finishing it in 2015. It means China has already built the aircraft carrier.

In fact China bought the aircraft from Ukraine so as to get the technical skill on building the aircraft carrier. The company belonged to China in Macao bought the aircraft carrier from the navy in Ukraine in 1998.

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《China started to build an aircraft carrier》

Ukraine belonged to the Soviet Union, so the aircraft was from the navy in the Soviet Union. The purpose of buying it is reforming an old aircraft carrier into a casino on the sea, but it was carried to the port of Dalian 大連, and the navy in China studied the structure on the aircraft carrier.

It seems that starting to build the aircraft carrier by making use of the technical skill by adopting the study. Moreover, China has started to study the development carrier based aircraft on the aircraft carrier originally

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

When the navy in China holds the aircraft carrier and deploys around the Taiwan Strait, the balance on the military power over Taiwan would lean toward China so much.

What’s happened around Taiwan just now, I’m wondering.

《Strengthening the military power so as to make sure resource》

It’s not for a step against Taiwan alone because China has advanced to increase the power on the navy in China.its aim is making sure the resource on the East and South China Sea.

China has developed a natural gas field and started to digging natural gas on the seabed .

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Strengthening the military power so as to make sure resource》

It has been done west close to the middle point on the territorial sea between China and Japan,

It has been guessed that the natural gas field spreads to Japan beneath the ground, so if it is absorbed from the side of China, it means China would dig illegally, so Japan has adopted as problem.

When breaking out the problem over development of resource, if holding a powerful naval power, it would be a silence pressure to other nations.

There is a problem on territorial right over Senkaku….

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Strengthening the military power so as to make sure resource》

There is a problem on territorial sea of the Senkaku Island between Japan and China as well. The Senkaku Islands are made up with the Uotsuri one which is he biggest one and other four islands and three reeves.

Though no one paid attention to it for a long time, the economy committee in the Far East of United Nation investigated around the Senkaku Island, it turned out it is possible highly the resource of petroleum is buried there. The result on the investigation was announced, around after a…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Strengthening the military power so as to make sure resource》

After a few years,China and Taiwan has started to insist that it’s their territory one after another. They are easy to understand.

China has insisted that the islands belonged to China, for the islands belong to Taiwan, and Taiwan belongs to China, so the islands belongs to China.

In short, its insistence is the extension that Taiwan belongs to China.

As to the Senkaku Islands, when concluding peace and amity treaty between China and Japan, Deng Xiaoping said leaving its solution to the….

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Strengthening the military power so as make sure resource》

…Deng Xiaoping said leaving the solution to the people in the future, not adopting as problem on purpose and put off the resolution.

But the law on territorial sea has been established in China in 1992 and China announced around the Senkaku Islands is the territorial sea belonged to China, tearing up the promise with Deng Xiaoping clearly.

As to the South China Sea, the law on the territorial sea says it’s the territorial sea belonged to China. The South China Sea includes the sea area which…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has advanced】

《Strengthening the military power so as to make sure resource》

The South China Seas included the sea area which Philippine and Vietnam have insisted each of their territory, but China has insisted it’s the territory of China, so China has skirmish with two of them.

If China strengthens the power of its navy, it is possible for China to maintain the dominion over the South China Sea.

Thus China has strengthened the military power, though there is no nation which tries to attack China, why does China increases its military power? How does China answer the…

• 共感4

【Military expansion has increased】

How does China answer the question?

Unless making the military expenditure transparent and disclosing strategic initiative and showing posture of cooperating with other nation, China threat theory will be by far more heighten in the future. It seems that China practices of the strategy on Sun Tsu 孫子, without gains it would win.

【Where is China going?】

《House which refuses to evict resolve.》

A one picture caused a buzz among the world in 2007. The picture of a private house at a construction site in Chongqing 重慶 of China. The place around the house was …

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《A house which refuse to evict has appeared》

The place around the house was dug deep by ten meters, so the house alone as if it had been an isolated land.

When refusing to evict for redevelopment, construction work advanced more and more, and the ground around the house was dug deep, and the person in the house couldn’t live in the house any more.

China is a nation of socialism formally, the private proper hasn’t permitted, and the whole land belongs to the nation and how the land is used for isn’t determined by the person who lives there but by the nation which…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《A house which refuse to evict appears》

…but by the nation which manages the land determines.

In this case, the federal government office in the local area on the scene does something on the nations’ behalf, so if the federal government office said the person who lived there to evict because of redevelopment, it has to go away from the house.

But the family at the private house in Chongqing 重慶 continued to refuse to evict, and the house where they lived became the isolated island at last.

It’s shown the reality in China at present. While the administrative…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《A house which refuses to evict appears》

While the administrative authority advances redevelopment with the builder constructor, the people who insist on individual rights have started to appear.

There is the photo on the house around the place which was dug deep and lots of people surrounded it and looked at how things turned out in the book.

When this photo was reported March in 2007, China permits the private properties at last. It’s the movement stepping out of, or being far away from the socialism.

As a result, the scene like that may have been seen in….

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

…the scene like that may have been seen in the whole China from now on.

《Though the private properties is the means of production…》　

The private properties have never been permitted in the socialism being based in Marxism. In this case, it doesn’t always means that the private properties is the household belonging to ordinary people. It means the means of production. For example, the machinery or the site belongs to the factory or a farmland.

A company possesses the factory and a farmer has the farmland and cultivates it in the capitalism, and if having the means…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《Though the private properties is the means of production…》

…and if having the means of production, being rich easily if comparing with the one who doesn’t have the means of production, and if hiring people and making them work, it means exploiting workers, it’s the way of thinking in Marxism.

But then if the revolution of socialism being based on Marxism breaks out, taking away the private properties which means the means of production from capitalists and great land owners and making the their private properties belong to the nation.

《Even household belonging…》

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《Even household belongings belongs to the nation in China》

After the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong assumed control, all the private properties belongs to the nation. All the companies become the state ownership and all the farmlands belong to the nation in the name of collective farm

As taking away from a great land owner and distributed it to peasants, the Communist Party had been supported by the peasants at the time of the Civil War in China.

The peasants thought the Communist Party distributed the land to them, so they were on the side of the Communist Party

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《Even household belongings belong to the nation in China》

But once gaining power, the Communist Party took away the land from peasants and making it belong to the people’s commune. It means the land belonged to all of them. Besides agriculture machines and implements and domestic animals belong to the people’s commune, being taken away the private properties from the ones who were engaged in agricultural workers.

Then some members of the subsidiary body of the Communist Party hearing of the policy on the party of taking away the private properties….

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《Even household belongings belong to the nation in China》

…misunderstanding including an individual household belongings, and taking away the complete set of the household belongings from peasants and making them belong to the people’s commune sometime.

Peasants resisted against it, and disposing of the domestic animal and the family members ate it before taking away, it happened one after another, and there is a story if being combined to the people’s commune, the domestic animals disappeared altogether.

《One word from the federal government office started the…》

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《One word from the federal government office started the development on the land》

After Mao Zedong was dead and Deng Xiaoping gained power, capitalism had been advanced in the name of the economy in socialism. The economy in China advanced fiercely, accordingly the development on the site has been advanced each place.

Redevelopment on the land in China is by far easier than the one in the nation of capitalism like Japan, for it’s all right as long as the federal government office orders to redevelop the land. The land belongs to all of them, and how it is used is…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《One word from the federal government started the development on the land》

…and how it is used is decided by the representative from them. The representative is the executive in the federal government office, though there is no system electing the representative of theirs in a direct election.

The deciding voice from the executive in the federal government office makes the development on the land advance means that a corruption easily happens.

If the executive in the federal government office colludes with the company planning the redevelopment, it can take away…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《One word from the federal government office started the development on the land》

…it can take away the land from farmers as it likes. Actually when residents were ordered to evict and redevelopment was advanced, the even life on the executives were developed so much that their life becomes showy. It’s taken place one after another. The house in Chongqing repelled against the eviction and insisted on the individual rights.

The federal government office used to make the police take the field and drive away the residents from the house and destroy the private house…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

…and the case closed, but in the case of Chongqing, it was impossible, for the direction on the trend at the time has changed.

《物件法 has been enacted》

It’s the law of 物件法 has been enacted. As the plan of establishing the law which admits that the nation possesses the private property has been clear, so the federal government office in the local area and the construction company hesitated the forcible repulsion.

While the federal government office and the construction companies hesitated, the 物件法 permitting the right on using the land is passed.

It is clearly…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《物件法 has been enacted》

It is clearly written in the law that the real right in rem on a private person is protected by the law, and neither any kind of organization nor a private one can violate it.

It has been enacted from 2007.

The real right in rem means the 物権法, but by the way what is the rem? I’m not sure of it, but the net says it means 物, so it is, maybe.

When expropriating, taking away the land from farmers, paying compensation to farmers is obliged by a law, moreover farmers can sell the right of using the land at will as 物権

The right on the land where…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《物権法 has been enacted》

The right on the house of the where a person lives is seventy years old, it is limited, but after the expiration date expired, being able to go on using it is secured. The ownership of using the land seems to be admitted.

Passing the law on 物権法 has never been a big news in Japan, but it’s an epoch making, for China has abandoned forbidding possessing the private belonging which is a great principle in the socialism.

The private property has to be protected so as that the capitalism is formed. As the means of production is permitted, a…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

《物権法 has been enacted》

…a capitalist is born and a capital which means the property will increase.

China has moved to the capitalism in the name of the market economy in the socialism, and protecting the private property by the law making itself go forward to the capitalism one more step.

As to the house at Chongqing, after it was reported greatly, talking things out was formed between the resident and the construction worker and the house was destroyed and redevelopment was advanced.

How much the money was paid to the resident has never been clear, but it seemed…

• 共感4

【Where is China going?】

….it seemed to be the astronomical number in China. In the nation of capitalism where the private property is secured, taking away the land at will being unable to be carried out, so the resistance from the resident like the case of Chongqing will take a step forward in the future.

《But the speech has been. controlled》

Various systems in the economy is changing into the way of capitalism in China, and if the economy becomes the capitalism, the politics also seems to change the one like the side of west countries, but it doesn’t in China.

China has never been the …

• 共感4