A fourth diary in English

>> 100 【Legend and truth in the New Testament】ⅩⅢ


Jesus' disciples couldn't understand what he thought.His first disciple,ﾍﾟﾃﾛ,remonstrated 諫言 with Jesus to stop a reckless plan, but Jesus gave the first disciple a reprimand.😣


A fame of『Jesus at ｶﾞﾘﾗﾔ』had been already well-known in Jerusalem,so the people who placed their hopes on Jesus welcomed him with a joy in Jerusalem.😍


Activity in Jerusalem of which Jesus prepared for his own death was a spirited 気迫に満ちた one.😤


He went into the premise in a palace which priests managed,and drove all the people who sold and bought things out of the palace.😣


He knocked tables of money changers and chairs of which people sold doves.He said 『The palace should be called a houe for a prayer, but it end up being a den 巣窟 of robbers owing to you！』😤


It was natural that the priests were enraged. Jesus preached to the people about his thought vigorously,He exposed hypocrisies of Sudducees and Pharisees. He beat them thoroughly.😤


Then the class of the rulers in Jerusalem ……😱

• 共感0

>> 101 【Legend and truth in the New Testament】ⅩⅣ


The class of the Jewdish leaders felt keenly like next.『Without eliminating Jesus as quickly as we could,we would be put in awkward positions.』😨



The people were disillusioned幻滅,for the God's country wasn't an utopia on the ground for which they long at all,but it was just on the religion.😢


As for the God's country which Jesus preached,even his disciples misunderstood it.They asked Jesus what kind of positions they could hold.😔


After going into Jerusalem,his disciples were more confused,especially ﾕﾀﾞ who was in charge of accounts in the company thought of washing his hands of 見切りをつける Jesus.😏



ﾕﾀﾞ received the best education in the disciples and could read and write,so he was entrusted with the accounts.Therefore comparing with the priests' wealthy lives which he saw with his own eyes,he lost his hope for the lives of the disciples.The disciples managed to starve off their hungers 飢えをしのぐ.😚


By the way, I'm going to start from a new chapter at next time.By😁

• 共感0

【Death on a cross and the Christianity】

『A belief in which Jesus died once, but revived in three days gave rise to the Christianity』



It was before a great festival,the Passover of which the Jews makes much when Jesus poured into Jerusalem.😃


It's said that Jesus chose the day when plenty of Jews gathered from the whole districts to Jerusalem.Leaders of which centers were the great priests plotted murder him before the festival by all means, and he saw it.💀


Jesus arrived at Jerusalem on Sunday.It was for no more than five days that he could preach to the people.😥



Heads of the priests captured Jesus on Thursday night and pressed a Governor General 総督 for an execution of Jesus.They hung him on a cross on Friday and executed him.💀


The next day was Saturday and the day of rest 安息日,besides the Passover,so they couldn't execute him then, but they have to make a haste,for if they put off his execution,they weren't sure what kind of obstacles stopped it.😨


To be continued. By😁

• 共感0

>> 103 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅱ


Disappointment of the people at Jesus didn't always support him then, but the priests feared what the people would do, for they may have worshipped Jesus again,the priests were afraid of it.😨



The rulers in the Roman Empire were also on edge 不安 because national consciousness of the Jews got higher every year when the Passover,a festival,was held, for disturbance of anti-the Rome often broke out then.😨


In Judea,there used to be a custom oftaking a meal for a teacher and its student on Thursday then.Especially,the Thursday was special for Jesus who was aware that his death approached close at hand.😱


Contrary to it,his disciples felt relaxed, for they didn't think the situation became so tense.This was what is called『The last Supper』😣


Jesus told his disciples that one of them tried to sell out.裏切る,so they were surprised at his remarks.😥


It is said a sense of Jesus which watched his death was sharpen so much that he could see through feelings of his disciples.

• 共感0

>> 104 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅲ


Then Jesus gave his disciples some bread.He said『They are my flesh』.He gave them some wine.He said『They are my blood』.They are an origin of what they call the Communion 聖体拝領.😃


After the supper, Jesus and his disciples went out of the castle walls of the town and left for Gethsemane.😃


They used to be out at night after they went into Jerusalem,for they seemed to be cautious of attack by subordinates 部下 of the priests.😠


A garden of Gethsemane is to the east of the castle wall in Jerusalem.It remains at the foot of Mt.Olive.🌋



As to clause that Jesus was crushed by sadness and prayed for the God,it is said even if we aren't believers of the Christianity,without tears we can't read it.😭



On the other hand,his disciples didn't recognize how the situation was serious.Ignoring Jesus' distress,they slept like a log 眠りこける,even if they were waked up again and again.😪

• 共感0

>> 105 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅳ


Jesus' disciples used to be countrymen 田舎者 which were from ｶﾞﾘﾗﾔ and uneducated,so when coming to Jerusalem, they got nervous.😔


Therefore they couldn't trust Jesus' bold activity in which he didn't fear anything and they couldn't stand by him.Judging from expressions in the gospels, they seemed to be half states of mind of slipshod 投げ遣り.😣



The disciples wouldn't mind what happened to them.Then being a front of lots of men who were sent by the priests,ﾕﾀﾞ and they came to Jesus and his disciples with swords and poles.😫


Then it was at night, it was dark there,so ﾕﾀﾞ conspired 示し合わせる with the men not take Jesus for someone.He told Jesus『hello』and kissed him.It meant a sign,so the men captured Jesus.😥


Then one of Jesus' disciples,ﾍﾟﾃﾛ,drew his sword.He raised it over his head and slashed at the men.He cut off the ear one of the men,but Jesus stopped it.😔


Jesus told ﾍﾟﾃﾛ to sheathe 鞘に納める his sword and remonstrated 諫める with him.😃


To be continued.by😁

• 共感0

>> 106 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅴ


Jesus said then『A person who takes a sword is collapsed by the weapon.』However Jesus was tried on a charge by the great priests.He was put a guilt on sacrilegious 冒涜的 behavior for the God.😥


They reported his sin to the Roman Governor General 総督,for the Jews were admitted a jurisdiction 裁判権,but didn't have an authority of an execution.😃


In addition, sacrilegious behavior for the God wasn't equal to death penalty,so the great priests sidestepped すり替える cleverly Jesus' sin.😫



They insisted that Jesus claimed to be a ruler of the Roman Empire and plotted treason against the Empire.😥



The Governor General 総督 recognized at once Jesus was innocent,and tried to set him free,but a crowd of people who was agitated by the heads of the priests continued to cry『Hang Jesus on a cross!』😤


Not only the Governor General found his release impossible,but a riot may have been caused,so he whipped Jesus and hand over him to the great priests😥



To be continued.By😁

• 共感0

>> 107 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅵ


I've described expressions about Jesus' trial in the gospels,but if examining them,there seem to be lots of mxsterious things,so it's doubtful whether or not the expressions were equal to the facts as they were.Almost all of scholars think like that😁


Christians in the early days were reserved with 遠慮する the Roman Empire such as mighty power.😃


They wanted to propagate 布教,prevented the people in the Rome from feeling hostile toward the Christian as peacefully as they could.😃



Scholars think like next.When they wrote the gospels,their point of an argument 論旨 was next.Ringleaders 張本人 who executed wasn't the Governor General, but the great priests such as some Jews.😒


In fact,the Governor General wanted save Jesus. The Christians in the early days seemed to try to express like that.Modern scholars think like that.☝


Anyway whether or not it was true the Governor General tried to save Jesus,his execution was done at once on the day when he was hung on a cross.😔

• << 110 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅶ A cruel way of an execution which nailing hands and feet of a living body on the cross and exposed it was adopted for political offender 政治犯 or a slave who wounded and murdered its master and ran away.💀 It had been done in the ancient Rome then and they used to adopt big nails for the executions.It was said the death on the cross was the most miserable in varied being died.😔 Severe pains continued on and on because its weight was put on its hands and feet.Thirsty which was caused by bleeding and being exposed on the scorching sun tortured a person who was executed.😨 The more the one who had physical strength 体力,the more it suffered from its pain,for they couldn't die because of its physical strength for about no less than four or five days.It was said people on the cross implored to be dead.😨 To be continued.By😁

• 共感0

【In spite that it is an island of ice,we call it Greenland because when naming another one Iceland,he made a mistake】


The greater part of Greenland is contained in the Arctic circle.Almost all of islands in the Greenland are covered with snow andg ice,so there little green in the islands.😃


However the one who named the islands Greenland which is untruth was one of the Vikings who discovered the islands.🙋


He wanted the people in the Iceland to immigrate to the Greenland,and he thought if circumstance of the islands w回s severe,the people would hesitate.😥



When the Iceland was discovered,lots of people hung back because of its name,islands of ice.❄


Therefore the Viking' naming was like an exaggerated advertisement so as to gather settlement.



Greenland was popular with the people who immigrated withehout knowing actual conditions,and settlement because of the Viking had continued to an end the of the 15th century,then the settlement was stopped for a time,but it would begin in the 18th century there.

• 共感0

>> 108 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅵ I've described express… 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅶ


A cruel way of an execution which nailing hands and feet of a living body on the cross and exposed it was adopted for political offender 政治犯 or a slave who wounded and murdered its master and ran away.💀


It had been done in the ancient Rome then and they used to adopt big nails for the executions.It was said the death on the cross was the most miserable in varied being died.😔



Severe pains continued on and on because its weight was put on its hands and feet.Thirsty which was caused by bleeding and being exposed on the scorching sun tortured a person who was executed.😨


The more the one who had physical strength 体力,the more it suffered from its pain,for they couldn't die because of its physical strength for about no less than four or five days.It was said people on the cross implored to be dead.😨



To be continued.By😁

• << 112 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅷ Jesus was made to carry a cross on which he was hung on his shoulder and to walk from an official residence of the Governor General to a place of his execution, Calvary ｺﾞﾙｺﾞﾀの丘😥 Weight of the cross is estimated at least 70㎏.After interrogation of all night,being whipped and being put on a crown of thorns,Jesus who was made to carry the heavy cross on his shoulder and to go up a slope fell down over and over again.😫 As for a road on which Jesus walked then is left at an old town in Jerusalem as the road of pain.☝ A Roman soldier who executed Jesus seemed to have a pity on Jesus,so the soldier stabbed him on the right flank 脇腹 on the cross,for he tried to be Jesus dead,being released from his pain by excessive bleeding出血多量,so Jesus was dead in an half day.😢 According to the gospels,heads of the priests asked the Governor General like next and it was accepted『This man boasted that he was the God's child.Even if he was dead,he would revive in three days.』😣

• 共感0

【An island of ｴﾛﾏﾝｶﾞ島】



There is an island of which name is ｴﾛﾏﾝｶﾞin Vannuats of a group of islands of New ﾍﾌﾟﾘﾃﾞｽ in south Pacific Ocean.😁


There isn't something strange in the island,except for its name.If we say we go to the island of ｴﾛﾏﾝｶﾞ,we may be misunderstood.😱


However, the island has nothing to do with something indecent.It means this is a human.🙋


When Captain Cnok visited the island in 1774,he heard a phrase of an islander.He named the island the phrase as it was.☝



The name,ｴﾛﾏﾝｶﾞ,has been firmly established since then as the name of the island.😃


By the way,it is getting colder and colder recently.Autumn has already come,I'm sure.According to the calendar,it is already October,so it's natural.One year is going to pass……😚



I'd heard cicadas chirping 蝉の鳴き声 so much quite recently,but they have changed into singing of another insects.🍂


When being hot,lots of people love beer.On the other hand,when being cold,they love a dish cooked at the table.🍻

• 共感0

>> 110 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅶ A cruel way of an execution… 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅷ


Jesus was made to carry a cross on which he was hung on his shoulder and to walk from an official residence of the Governor General to a place of his execution, Calvary ｺﾞﾙｺﾞﾀの丘😥


Weight of the cross is estimated at least 70㎏.After interrogation of all night,being whipped and being put on a crown of thorns,Jesus who was made to carry the heavy cross on his shoulder and to go up a slope fell down over and over again.😫


As for a road on which Jesus walked then is left at an old town in Jerusalem as the road of pain.☝


A Roman soldier who executed Jesus seemed to have a pity on Jesus,so the soldier stabbed him on the right flank 脇腹 on the cross,for he tried to be Jesus dead,being released from his pain by excessive bleeding出血多量,so Jesus was dead in an half day.😢


According to the gospels,heads of the priests asked the Governor General like next and it was accepted『This man boasted that he was the God's child.Even if he was dead,he would revive in three days.』😣

• 共感0

>> 112 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅸ


Heads of the priests continued『His Disciples may steal a dead body of their master and make up a story that he revived as if his revival had been true.』😣


『As a result,lots of people may be perplexed,so please set a watch on his tomb.』Next day was the day of rest,so anybody mustn't do anything,so after three days,Mary in ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ and others went to Jesus' tomb in order to wipe a corpse of Jesus.😃


Howeve,inside his tomb was empty, and it's just that a clothes of his corpse left there『Oh!What's happened』😱


When Mary said and was confused,suddenly Jesus turned up in front of her.He said『Mary』and she turned back and said『Mentor 先生』😃


Jesus said then『Don't touch me,for I've never been to my father yet.』As for scenes of Christ's revival which were expressed in the gospels were like that. They were represented as paintings, mosaics,sculptures, and stained glasses.😃


I'm going to express about Mary in ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ next time.🙋

• << 118 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅹ His disciples who ran this way and that にげ回る when Jesus was captured and executed learned to belive firmly that Jesus was a son of the god, the Savior and revived in three days.😃 Then a religious society 教団 in which Jesus' brother,Jacok and his first pupil,ﾍﾟﾃﾛ was a center was made up in Jerusalem.🙋 The religious society used to be an inside of the Jews,but their an article of faith 信条 of『 the son of the God』was out of harmony with the Judaism ユダヤ教.😃 Therefore the religious society of which belief was the son of the God, and the Savior Christ was forced to change into another one from the Judaism.It's the Christianity.🙋 Then there were some favorable conditions.The Roman empre unified the world of the Mediterranean,so people frequently used to come and go there. As for a common language,while the Greek was spoken at eastern of the Empire,the Latin was adopted at western of the Empire.The Christianity spread over wide area.😃

• 共感0

>> 113 【Long hair of Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ and a pot in which perfumed oil was】


There were a group of devoted a woman's believers around Jesus,and they served him and his disciples,offering their belongs to them.👩



Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ was conspicuous 異彩を放つ among them in particular.There used to be several women whose names were Mary around Jesus,so we usually distinguish between them with the places where they were born.👩



As to Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ,Jesus drove seven evil spirits out of her in the Bible,for she ruined herself so much by leading her life without morality that people in the general 世人 were amazed and disguised at her until she came to her sense 目覚める and abandoned her evil ways.👩



It was written in the gospel of ﾏﾙｺ,on the other hand,there are another expressions in the one of ﾙｶ like next.😃


There was a sinful woman in a town.Knowing Jesus was seated at a table for a meal at a house of Pharisees,then she……



To be continued.By😁

• 共感0

>> 114 【Long hair with Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ and a pot in which perfumed oil】Ⅱ


Then Mary brought a plaster pot in which perfumed oil to Jesus,and approached at his feet from his back.👩



She moistened his feet with her tears when weeping,and wiped them with her hair.She kissed them and applied the perfumed oil to them.👩



As for her,a word of『sinful』was adopted in the expression.It means a prostitute 売春婦.👩



When a host of Pharisees who just stuck to a formality acted criticism for him,Jesus preached him like next.😃


『The more sinful they are,the more they are saved by their own beliefs.』His paradoxical teaching is famous for full of humanity among his proverbs.🙋



To my surprise, it was just an remark as a sinful woman in the Bible, but she has been considered to be Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ from the Middle Age.🙋



Long hair, the pot in which perfumed oil and a situation in which she untidily dressed remind us of her past have become her symbol.We can recognize them in Romanesque and Gothia.😃

• 共感0

>> 115 【Long hair of Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ and a pot in which perfumed oil】Ⅲ


When welcoming to a traveler,a host used to wash feet of the traveler. It's a manners,but the head of the Pharisees didn't it.😒


He just thought a woman who wasn't to be the place properly for the occasion suddenly came into his room when Jesus ,the head and others were having meals.🍚


She squatted down at Jesus' feet.She was Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ was lascivious ふしだら and had a rumor of dwelling seven evil spirits in her heart.😨


She began to weep silently and wash Jesus' feet with her tears……As for the rest of its scenes, I've already expressed the other day,so I omit it.😃



Then everyone was amazed and stared at her with harsh criticism, but Jesus told her that she would be saved by her own belief and don't worry about anything.😃



Taking this opportunity,the lascivious woman changed into an ardent believer for Jesus.When Jesus was hung on the cross,all his disciples ran away,she was keeping her eye on him from distance,……

• 共感0

>> 116 【Long hair of Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ and a pot in which perfumed oil】Ⅳ and others.


Then Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ felt as if she would have burst into sorrow,for she was distressed more than be dead.👩


She tried wipe and clean a dead body of Jesus and to apply a perfumed oil to him,so she ran up to his tomb at the head of others.👩


I'm wondering if Jesus tried to reward her zeal,for he showed up in front of her at first.Tying stories in the Bible together,indeed a rare scenario which was romantic and dramatic had been built.😃



By the way,as for Mary who was from ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ,I may have taken a mistake.When I expressed her,I described『Mary in ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ』👩



It means she lived in ﾏｸﾞﾀﾞﾗ then,but it wasn't what I wanted to say.I'm sorry for it.😳


Speaking of the Christianity,I may have gone to a missionary kindergarten when I was a child.Then a play was performed by the children there.👶


As for a play which we children acted, it was a birth of Jesus.My cast was one of shepherds.😳

• 共感0

>> 113 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅸ Heads of the priests contin… 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】Ⅹ


His disciples who ran this way and that にげ回る when Jesus was captured and executed learned to belive firmly that Jesus was a son of the god, the Savior and revived in three days.😃


Then a religious society 教団 in which Jesus' brother,Jacok and his first pupil,ﾍﾟﾃﾛ was a center was made up in Jerusalem.🙋


The religious society used to be an inside of the Jews,but their an article of faith 信条 of『 the son of the God』was out of harmony with the Judaism ユダヤ教.😃



Therefore the religious society of which belief was the son of the God, and the Savior Christ was forced to change into another one from the Judaism.It's the Christianity.🙋


Then there were some favorable conditions.The Roman empre unified the world of the Mediterranean,so people frequently used to come and go there.


As for a common language,while the Greek was spoken at eastern of the Empire,the Latin was adopted at western of the Empire.The Christianity spread over wide area.😃

• 共感0

>> 118 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】ⅩⅠ


To be concrete,the Christianity spread over from Jerusalem, whole of Syria,what is called 小ｱｼﾞｱ,its place where modern Turkey is, Greece,Egypt and Italy.😃


Then Jesus and his disciples used to speak the Aramic ｱﾗﾑ語,but the New Testament was editted with the Greek language.☀



The disciples were full of a sense of mission 使命感, and tried to propagate in spite of persecution toward them as though their lives depended on propagation.⛪



There were lots of disciples and under ones of them 孫弟子 who became martyr 殉教する at Jerusalem,their hometowns,or remote places,with ﾍﾟﾃﾛ who was said to became martyr in Rome as a start.💀



The Jews used to be the vanguard 急先鋒 of persecution of the Christianity in the beginning.A first martyr was ｽﾃﾌｧﾉ.He was killed with a cruel execution,what is called『石打ち』in Jerusalem.😨


By the way,I'm tired a little,so I'm going to speak about『石打ち』next time.😚

• 共感0

>> 119 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】ⅩⅡ



Being beaten with stones is a traditional Jewish punishment for religious sin.Lots of people throw stones at the one who is executed until it's dead.It's so cruel.😨



A great holy church of ｽﾃﾌｧﾝ in Vienna is being dedicated for the first martyr,ｽﾃﾌｧﾉ.


ﾊﾟｳﾛ who played an important part on establishment of Christian doctorine was also a Jew.He used to be one of vanguards who persecuted the Christianity in the beginning.⛪


However he felt as if he had received an electric shock at suburb in Damascus, and he believed he saw Jesus speak to him.😃



After that he stopped persecuting and became an ardent missionary.A sight of reform of ﾊﾟｳﾛ was often painted.⛪


Being struck with stones,ｽﾃﾌｧﾉ accomplished a martyrdom 殉教 with full of relief.ﾊﾟｳﾛ saw the sublime 崇高 scene.It made him reform.😃



He was born into a wealthy family in 小ｱｼﾞｱ，modern Turkey.He was so educated that he knew not only Jewdish sacred books,religion,ethics but Greek philosophy well.😃

• 共感0

>> 120 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】ⅩⅢ



Therefore ﾊﾟｳﾛ was different from immediate pupils 直弟子 of Jesus who were uneducated.He made use of his education and established a base of the Christianity's doctorine.☀



Some scholars of religious history say like next『Which is a founder of the Christianity,Jesus or ﾊﾟｳﾛ?』,for ﾊﾟｳﾛ had a tremendous impact on the Christianity.😃


A great rebellion broke out against the Roman Empire by the Jews at B.C 50,as a result,the riot was suppressed thoroughly and the Jews were all expeled from Palestine.They scattered.☝


Then about no less than 7.0000 Jews were taken to Rome as a slave,and were made to work for construction of ｺﾛｾｳﾑ.😣


A persecution against the Christianity by a Roman Emperor had already started since before and after the riot.Why?😚


I'm going to express its reason next time.😃

• 共感0

>> 121 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】ⅩⅣ


The Roman Empire made a traditional Roman belief in which Jupiter was the best its state religion 国教.Greek gods assimilated into the Roman ones.😃


Emperors had been added to the gods as living ones since an era of Caesar and palaces in which the emperors were worshipped as god were built at each place in the empire.😃


As for other beliefs,a goddess of ｲｼｽ of which origin was Egypt or what is called ﾐﾄﾗ教 of which origin was Syria had spread in the empire.😃


Those two beliefs used to be polytheism 多神教,so polytheists were willing to worship Roman gods and emperors,so they weren't suppressed.😃


However,the Christians thought of ﾔﾊｳｴ as only and absolute god,so they refused to worship the Roman gods and emperors.😱



Therefore powerful people in those days looked upon the Christians as dangerous and persecuted them.😠


The people thought the Christianity in the beginning was mysterious and diabolical religion 邪教😚

• 共感0

>> 122 【Death on a cross and the Christianity】ⅩⅤ and others


As for the Christianity in the beginning,a rumor in which its believers kidnapped someone else's children and drink their lifeblood 生き血 spread when the believers worshipped.😨



A formal dinner 正餐式 in which the believers drank red wine as blood of Christ,a son of the God,was a background of the wrong rumor😱


I'm going to express prepositions from next time.When starting this fourth diary, I tried to describe Greek myth or world heritage, but I didn't them at all.😳


However I'm poor at the prepositions, so I have to study it. Being based on a book,『ﾈｲﾃｨﾌﾞ･ｽﾋﾟｰｶｰの前置詞』,published by 研究社,I'm going to express.Its introduction says like next.😃


If looking up some words in a dictionary,we recognize each preposition has a variety of usages,but we won't be able to learn them by heart.Then what should we do?😥


Its preface says there is a knack to it コツがある☝



It says usages of prepositions are closely connected with each other like faces of members of a family.

• 共感0

【Preposition,through】



Examples.


①She passed through a tunnel.


②The knife pierced his body through.


It's clear that a preposition of through has next basic image,『pass through』とおりぬける


Examples


③He is through with his girlfriend.


It means he has stopped associating with her. If placing great importance on the last point of its basic image,it means something is over.😃


Examples


④She went through college.


It means she accomplished a study at college.A phrase of『pass through』has an image that starting from a beginning to an end,so a word of『accomplish』is derived 派生 from it.


Examples


⑤We've started now so we'd better see the things through.


By the way,as to ⑤,a word of『see』is used.It means without turning our eyes away,we devote all our energies to the things.



However we don't always have to learn『see through』by rote 丸暗記 as『accomplish』,for there are next usages.


Examples


⑥I can see through your lies


⑦Look! She is wearing a see-through blouse.

• 共感0

>> 124 【Preposition, through】Ⅱ



As for the example,⑥，⑦, they are expressed from its basic image,『pass through』.We frequently use a combination of a noun and a preposition in our everyday conversation,but we shouldn't learn it by rote.We have to recognize the basic meaning of the preposition.😃


Examples


⑧He didn't get through the examination.



As for ⑧,the phrase means succeeds in something, but it doesn't always,for we can adopt it like next.



Examples


⑨We'll never get through here. It's too crowd.


I'm sure we need to be careful of its context 文脈


Examples


⑩We partied all through the night.



It's natural extension of through.It means from a beginning to an end.If we expand its meaning toward date,or year,we can use it like next『from April 1 through 30』



As for a place,we can use the preposition,through. It means all over there,from an end to another one.


Examples



⑪The police searched all through this area.


⑫The customs officers went through all my bags.

• 共感0

>> 125 【Preposition, through】Ⅲ and


Examples


⑬I got soaked through.


It means I was soaked to the skin.In this case,through means from a beginning to an end thoroughly.Next sentence means same.


Examples


⑭Chris is a gentleman through and through.


As to expressions of through,they approaches to an end.😃


Examples


⑮He spoke through an interpreter.



Basic image of through is passing through,so the example means he spoke someone via an interpreter.😃


Examples


⑯We made it through your help


It means we could accomplish it,for you helped us. Through means its reason.🔤


Examples


⑰He ran away through fear.


It means fear made him run away. Through means its cause.


I'm going to express combinations of through with another word.



1 I'm through.

It means a job of the day is over.


2 get through


It means someone gets something finished.


3 all night through


It means through out night.

4 fall through

It means make a mistake. I'm going to express 4 in detail next time.

• 共感0

>> 126 【Preposition,through】Ⅳ and another one, about



A phrase of fall through has an image that some plan broke through a border between a success and failure and dropped.😃



5 through my carelessness.It's a cause.It means owing to my carelessness.


6 go through. It means experience.In other word,passing through something.It's a basic meaning.


7 pull through.It means recovering something bad,or being in much better spirits.Please imagine bad circumstance such as a dark tunnel.An image of the phrase of pull through means passing through the tunnel.



I'm going to express another preposition,about from now on.Speaking of『about』,in general as for something.



However its original meaning is around.Recognizing it,we'll be satisfied with varied usages of『about』which has been strange for us.😃



Why is a meaning of around changes into another one of about?😃



Example


①Look about you.


It means look around you.As to basic image of『about』is around.🙋

• << 131 【Preposition,about】 If expressing the preposition,about,in details,it seems another one,around has invaded a territory of about.😃 As to meanings of about which I'm going to express from now on,they gather an image of another one,around.🙋 Example ②He is somewhere about.I'll get him for you. A meaning of near appears from its basic image,around.The example means he is somewhere near,so I'll take him to you.As for its usages,they are so various that they are from a word of near to varied meanings.😲 Example ③He is about six feet tall. That『about』means approximate,so it isn't limited to only quantities. Example ④Well done! That's just about perfect. ⑤It's about time we left. As for their usage,neither of ④ nor ⑤ are described quantities.④ is degree and ⑤ is time. Example ⑥He is about to die. It means his situation is nearly death. I'm wondering if we shouldn't have learned an idiom of『be about to』？ Example ⑦They walked about the street. I'm going to express ⑦ next time.🙋

• 共感0

【What was a picture which a hero in『A dog at Flanders』saw just before he died?】


『A dog at Flanders』is a famous novel which has been broadcast with a cartoon film on TV.🐶


The novel was set in a small village at Antwerpen in Belgium.It's keyword is a picture.🐶


The hero loved painting.He won a drawing paper 画用紙 one day with difficulty and drew on it,so he entered his first work in the art contest.😤


He wanted to come true his dream of being a painter and to win a prize,for his grandfather with who lived with him had been bedridden.寝たきり👴


Unfortunately,he failed to win.After that,to make matters worse,he was suspected of setting a house on fire.🔥


He was seized by a series of misfortunes. His grandfather was dead and he was evicted 追い出す from his rented house because he couldn't pay rent any more.😭


He had no money with him at all, so he couldn't buy anything to eat.He wandered around the village and reached to the great church of ﾉｰﾄﾙﾀﾞﾑ,and…😭

• 共感0

>> 128 【What was a picture which a hero in『A dog at Flanders』saw just before he died?】

A picture which the hero yearned to see at all times was exhibited at the great church of ﾉｰﾄﾙﾀﾞﾑ.⛪


He was dead with his old dog,ﾊﾟﾄﾗｯｼｭ when he watched the picture which he had longed to see,suffering from cold and hunger.It hapgpened to be on December 25, Christmas.🎅


The hero didn't have enough money to pay a entrance fee,so he couldn't see the picture in the least.😢


He thought if he had watched the picture, he wouldn't have regretted even if he were dead then.After all,literally he could watch the picture finally,but how was the painting for which the hero was crazy?😃


The pictures were two art of works painted by Rubens.Their scenes were next ones.



The one in which Christ was hung on a cross, and other in which Christ was lowered from the cross after his death.Both of them were vivid colors and powerful touch.The people who watch the pictures were glued to them.😲

• 共感0

>> 129 【What was a picture which a hero in『A dog at Flanders』saw just before he died?】Ⅲ


A painter of the two works, Rubens.,was born in Germany in 1577.He was so talented that he became a painter in the court when he was in his early twenties.😃


His works of art are so various that they are religious paintings,landscapes, and portraits.The people in those days called him a master of Flanders, or the greatest master of the baroque paintings because of throbbing pulse and colors in his works.😃


The colors look as if they were burning. Flanders corresponds to a stretch of modern Belgium.Buildings,paintings,or sculptures which appeared in Flanders are generically called art of Flanders.



As for paintings,they are especially so minute and fine that lots of splendid works appeared.An author of『A dog at Flanders』was from England, but when he visited Anterpen,he came across Rubens' pictures.🙋


Then he was moved by them so much that he thought he tried to write『A dog at Flanders』☺

• 共感0

>> 127 【Preposition,through】Ⅳ and another one, about A phrase of fall thro… 【Preposition,about】


If expressing the preposition,about,in details,it seems another one,around has invaded a territory of about.😃



As to meanings of about which I'm going to express from now on,they gather an image of another one,around.🙋



Example


②He is somewhere about.I'll get him for you.


A meaning of near appears from its basic image,around.The example means he is somewhere near,so I'll take him to you.As for its usages,they are so various that they are from a word of near to varied meanings.😲


Example


③He is about six feet tall.


That『about』means approximate,so it isn't limited to only quantities.


Example


④Well done! That's just about perfect.


⑤It's about time we left.


As for their usage,neither of ④ nor ⑤ are described quantities.④ is degree and ⑤ is time.



Example


⑥He is about to die.


It means his situation is nearly death. I'm wondering if we shouldn't have learned an idiom of『be about to』？

Example

⑦They walked about the street.


I'm going to express ⑦ next time.🙋

• 共感0

>> 131 【Preposition,about】Ⅱ



As for ⑦,it means they walked street all over,or they walked to many places in the street.🙋


If we understand ⑦,we can grasp next two easily.


Example


⑧The doctor told me I'd be up and about very soon.


It means the doctor said I'd recover my health so I'd go out in a while.


⑨There are books and clothes lying about the room―a real mess.


It means the room was strewn 散らかっている with books and clothes,and there is no place to stand. I'm wondering if someone has seen my room.😳


Example


⑩There is something spooky about her.


A nuance of atmosphere which we feel around something appears from a meaning of around,as if it were an auras.😨


Example


⑪There is something about this case that puzzles me.


As for ⑪,that case seems to be unreasonable.⑪ is hard to express in English,but it means something concerning that case makes me puzzle.


Example


⑫This is a book about lions.


Meaning of concerning or about appear from its basic image,around.🙋

• 共感0

>> 132 【Preposition,about】Ⅲ


As for⑫,when being a phrase of『a book about lions』,what kind of things occur to you?🙋


It seems not only photographs of lions themselves but also various things such as hunting for them,their habits and habitats. It connects with the meaning of around.🙌


Moreover,the book seems to be away from the lions themselves. It's indirect.For instance,there are two examples.
A：I know him.
B：I know about him.


Comparing with two,it seems B is less intimate than A.When it's just that we know his name or where he lives,we'll say a way of B,for it's also an indirect naure of about.


Example


⑬Let's set about fixing the roof.


As for some idioms which are connected with about,we'll be able to understand them,if we imagine the lions which I expressed before.



The idiom of set about means begin,but we don'use it for a thing which we can do with ease.We don't adopt the idiom like next.


❌set about smoking.

• 共感0

>> 133 【Preposition,about】Ⅳ



Setting about the roof means beginning something which is related things of its behaviors such as preparing for carpenters' tools,climbing up a ladder, and exchanging a broken tile.🙋


When using the phrase,we are conscious of those behavinrs.As to another phrases including about, I'm going to express.😁



As for about,going about one's work/business and setting about the roof is same.Going about one's work doesn't mean just doing one's work.It includes a variety of things to which are related.



As to another phrase,bring about,we can recognize the word of about means.We can't bring about anything in an instant at all.😣


To begin with,we need to get rid of things which prevnet us from starting and at last we can bring about them. It takes time.

We are Japanese,so we aren't always recognize about means unless we talk with others in English,but when understanding about in details,we can recognize it.👍

• 共感0

【Preposition,across】


As for a basic image of『across』,it's a cross.It meanns being a shape of a cross.In short,going across something.🙋


Example


①Can you jump across?


Roughly speaking,it means『 Can you jump over something？』


Example


②I've swum across the river.

③There is a bank across the street.


Those two are just same of the basic image of across.



Example


④When I was a student,I hitchhiked across Australia.


Let's imagine of coming across a material and so on.We can accept a meaning which comes across from its one end to another one.😃


In other words,it means all over,or everywhere its inside.We frequently say a travel of enka ballads which goes to every town across Japan.It means travelling all over Japan.🗾



We often use an idiom,across the board 全面的,and the idiom has same kind of sense.We use the word,across,for not only places,but also others.😃


Example


⑤The test results were disappointing across the board.😭

• << 139 【Preposition,across】Ⅱ As for ⑤,it means the test results were so bad that I'm disappointed at it so much. Example ⑥The stream is two meters across, A meaning of come across changes width of something. Example ⑦She comes across as a really strange person. It means we get the impression that she is a really strange person. The meaning of across begins to spread figuratively 比喩的 from now on.As for ⑦,the phrase of come across means an impression travels through each space.😃 Lots of people may know the phrase of come across means happening to find something by chance.In this situation,the across means going across something at the root of the phrase.🙋 Example ⑧I came across this book at the bookstore. It means when looking at various books,my eyes came across the book.If making unnecessary addition,running into someone means running across it.😃 Example ⑨I ran across Chris on my way home. It means someone goes across ahead of me.☝

• 共感0

【A life of a woman which is expressed with Chinese characters】


娘：In general, it's good days as a woman,so I'm wondering if one of Chinese characters 女 is combined with another one 良.👩


Each of us lead varied lives.Some are rich,and the others aren't,though the rich aren't always happy.😚


When 娘 grows up,some of them are called 姫,for if she is wealthy,some followers will wait on her.They seem to be equal to 臣.They always follow her, so a Chinese character appeared. It's 姫 👸


However,all the women aren't rich.Some of them lead their lives against their own. They are forced to attend on others.Roughly speaking,I'm wondering if they ruin themselves.Some people call those women kinds of maids.😃



To be exact,I want to express the women with another Japanese words,but I can't with my cell phone.Its はしため。Its Chinese character of which two kinds of them are combined. They are 女 and 卑.😚



I'm afraid of it's a kind of discriminal language. I'm sure they aren't mean at all.😊

• 共感0

>> 136 【A life of a woman which is expressed with Chinese characters】Ⅱ



Time passes,both what is called 姫 and はしため get married to others.Then they become brides,嫁.👰


嫁 means woman used to be incorporated one of members of the Japanese family system.I'm wondering if some of them are happy when they are married,but as time passes,their situations change.😚



Their husbands suddenly began to call them かかあ.Its Chinese characters is the one which is combined with two kinds of Chinese characters,女,鼻😚



Oh,it's about time I went to work.I will start its continuation at evening.🌠

• 共感0

>> 137 【A life of a woman which is expressed with Chinese characters】Ⅲ



As for a book which I've read,their husbands begin to sicken 鼻につく them,so they call her like that,though it's just an origin of the Japanese phrase,so they may call them かかあ affectionately.😃


Time passes again,her children get married to others.Then the people call her her children's mother-in-law,姑👵


To tell the truth,as for the Japanese word,姑，I don't know what to say,but whenever almost all of the people call the women 姑,they don't always try to insult them,even if the Chinese characters is expressed with 女,and 古.😃



I'm wondering if it's a kind of happy life. It depends on.，😚



There used to be what is called 三従.It means women had to obey at least three times in their lives.👩


When she was young,she had to obey her parents,and when being married to her husband,she had to obey him.In addition, when being a grandmother,she had to obey her children,especially her son.Women had been made light of for a long time.😥

• 共感0

>> 135 【Preposition,across】 As for a basic image of『across』,it's a cro… 【Preposition,across】Ⅱ



As for ⑤,it means the test results were so bad that I'm disappointed at it so much.


Example


⑥The stream is two meters across,



A meaning of come across changes width of something.


Example


⑦She comes across as a really strange person.


It means we get the impression that she is a really strange person.


The meaning of across begins to spread figuratively 比喩的 from now on.As for ⑦,the phrase of come across means an impression travels through each space.😃


Lots of people may know the phrase of come across means happening to find something by chance.In this situation,the across means going across something at the root of the phrase.🙋



Example


⑧I came across this book at the bookstore.


It means when looking at various books,my eyes came across the book.If making unnecessary addition,running into someone means running across it.😃


Example


⑨I ran across Chris on my way home.



It means someone goes across ahead of me.☝

• 共感0

>> 139 【Preposition,across】Ⅲ and another one,at

Example


⑩How can I get this point across to them?


It means going across content which we want to convey.As to a basic image of across,going across something which obstructs us,so the phrase of get across in the example means makes someone who is hard to inform understand.😃


However we don't always adopt the phrase,get across,for only figuratively.


Example


⑪We finally get across the river.



⑫We should get them across the river.



As for ⑪,it means crossing something.As to ⑫,it means making someone cross something.In short,we should deal with the word,across,depending on the circumstance 臨機応変.😃


As long as we understand the basic image,we can recogoize how to use across easily.😃


I'm going to express another preposition,at,from now on.It's high frequency of use 高い使用頻度 and seems to be hard to use,but unexpctedly an expanse of meaning is simple😃

• 共感0

>> 140 【Preposition,at】Ⅰ


Example


①He was standing at the door.


②See you at 4：00 tomorrow.

As for ①,②,the former shows its place,and the latter means its time.A basic image of at is a point.It contains a variety of points such as at the time or space.😃



We frequently use at,for our words usually refer to point so frequently.😁


Example


③John is good at chess.


At first,we have to recognize an imaginary expansion of at.As to ③,it means John is skillful,concerning at the point of chess.Except for this idiom,be good at,we can make some sentences at our will.🙋



④He is a genius at bullshitting.


⑤He is clever at arranging things.


As for ④,bullshit means deceiving someone,or blowing one's own horn法螺を吹く.



⑥This is a bargain at ＄10.

At is adopted for a varied things such as price,age and so on.Its usage is similar to Japanese.



⑦Life begins at 40


⑧Pete Sampras can serve at over 200 kph.

By the way,I'm wondering what the Pete Sampras is. It seems to be a kind of vehicle or plane and so on,maybe.😃

• 共感0

>> 141 【Preposition,at】Ⅱ



Example


⑨Look at him.

At means its point,in addition,it has a feeling which faces at the point.😃


Example


⑩Why is everybody always laughing at me?

⑪I don't know what he is getting at.


⑫Guys often make a pass at her.


As for ⑪,the phrase of get at means intimates something, and as to ⑫,the phrase of make a pass at means plays around with a woman 軟派する👩


I've expressed some prepositions,being based on a book,ﾈｲﾃｨﾌﾞ･ｽﾋﾟｰｶｰの前置詞,it says like next.


If recognizing its nuance which faces at the point,we can grasp a feeling of ⑪,⑫.Individually,roughly speaking,I can,but I'm not sure its detail without looking up it with a dictionary.😳



Example


⑬I was shocked at her rudeness.


At is used for the passive voice 受動態 which expresses feeling such as phrases,surprised at,amused at,pleased at.😃


As for those usages,they are opposite to ⑨.While ⑨ means faces at somethinpg,the usage mean causes from something.😃

• 共感0

【The one who used to be my friend】


I had been friendly with him for about 10 years until recently.😃


He was suffering from myocardial infarction 心筋拘束 and was hovering between life and death.Fortunately,he had a narrow escape from death,but he was worried about its aftereffect後遺症.😱


It's a youth dementia.痴呆症He doesn't seem to be good at learning a thing by heart. He can't remember even his own age.💧



The dementia has a condition in which a person is apt to lose patience to do something.He has the condition.😔


He hasn't worked for a few years,so he has lots of time, but he has nothing to do.He seems to be very tedious, and he hates it.😒


He send me his message by his e-mail,though he can't express any sentences by himself.He asked her mother how to express himself by the e-mail.📱


I feel as if I had talked with her mother.His message said he had nothing to do,so I advised him to do something, but he didn't listen to anything, and he sent me his message, and it said again.『I had nothing to do』😱

• 共感0

>> 143 【The one who used to be my friend】


As for one of condition of dementia,the one who is suffering from the sickness is liable to lose perseverance to do something.😣


While he has a lot of time,he doesn't try to do anything,so he ends up being worried about tedious.😠


When talking with him in an e-mail, it doesn't always mean I have a chat with him.His mother seem to make the sentences, so I can't enjoy talking with him.📱


Not only she is worried about him but she loves him.It's natural,but I'm wondering if she suggests that he should send me a message in the e-mail📱


However, I don't have enough time to talk with his such as fruitless conversation.I want to study English.🔤



I'm sure she has never dreamt I can speak English.She seems to think I'm just a drunkard.😤


I love drinking.I can't deny it,but if someone doubts my English ability, I will have to show it I can speak English,for it's only Englis which is left to me.😒



Without English,I'm a middle-aged man who indulge myself in drinking.😤

• 共感0

【Japanese word,ﾀﾞｻい】


『why do we call unpolished one ダサい？』


〈ダサい〉is a slang which means unfasionable or dowdy. It's said an origin of the word,ダサい,is a Japanese Chinese character,田舎.😃



When reading the word,田舎,if using the Chinese-style reading of a character 音読み,it's だしゃ,and is expressed as an adjective,ダサい,so the word has become a secret language 隠語 which makes fun of a boor田舎者.☝


As for the people who live in Tokyo,the country means its neighboring prefectures such as Saitama,or Chiba.😥



If being at a distance to Okinawa or Hokkaido,it doesn't always mean we call those place unrefrained.😃


By the way,one of my colleague fell down when working because of high blood pressure.Blood vessels 血管 in his brain broke.


He remains unconscious since he fell down and he is in hospital.He is forced to give up working.😭


We used to go for a drink, but we will never from now on.I'm sure his elder brother will take care of him, but they aren't always on a good term.Considering it, I'm sorry for my co-worker.😫

• 共感0

【Preposition,by】


By is a preposition which means the most various,so comparing with other ones which I've expressed so far,its content will be a little complicated, but we don't always have to worry about it.😃



By is originally a word which shows a place,and its basic image is beside something.☝


Example


①He stood by the window.


A variety of meaning of by start from the simple and fundamental image.At first,I'll show you ones which are easier to understand comparatively.🙋


Example


②He walked by me.


Let's look at some examples of by which are basic image.As for the phrases,pass by,or passers-by,their nuance will occur to us immediately.I'm going to express another ones.😁

Example
③Don't worry.We'll get by somehow or other

④I put $5 by every work for a rainy day.

⑤How did you come by this information?


As for③,the phrase of get by means finding a way out of our troubles.In the example of ③,by means avoiding the problems close to us.😃

• 共感0

【Preposition,by】Ⅱ


As to ④,the phrase of put by means holding something close to the one.😃


As for ⑤,unexpectedly the phrase of come by means getting something.It means originally coming to a place which is close to the one.😃


The phrase of come by means coming to information which is close to the one.It changes into another meaning of getting information.😺


By the way,in the situation, it doesn'mean always the one makes a great effort in order to get it.The one happens to get something by chance without being conscious of anything.Its nuance seems to be suitable for the original meaning of coming to a place which is close to the one.🙋


By the way,I wish I could come by a splendid English ability.😂


Example


⑥He lives in the woods by himself.


Close to oneself means no one is nearby the one.


Example


⑦They came in by the back door.


The basic image of beside leads to an unexpected thing.Why does a meaning of way come from another one,beside?😲

• 共感0

>> 147 【Preposition,by】Ⅲ


Continuation of my last remark.


The book,ﾈｲﾃｨﾌﾞ･ｽﾋﾟｰｶｰの前置詞,says like next.😃


When we do something,at first there is a motive,way,and aim.What I want to say is very figuratively.The way is comparatively nearer than motive and aim.😃


Therefore,the word of『by』corresponds to another word『how』,so,for example,when we ask you how they come in,you answer like next.



They came in by the back door.It's example ⑦😃


I'll show you one more example.


⑧It's quicker if you go by the main road.


This means,or way,in this situation it means『by』,isn't always limited to a concrete one.🙋


Example


⑨Do not judge a book by its cover.

⑩A man is known by the company he keeps.


Those two examples mean someone uses ways of friend and cover,then the person does something.


Example


⑪I grabbed him by the scruff of the neck.


It means taking, or holding a part of a thing.In this situation,the word of『by』is also equivalent for another word『how』😁

• 共感0

>> 148 【Preposition,by】Ⅳ


Example


⑫They went there by car.


We use the word of『by』which expresses way or means with varied pattern,for example,in next phrases,by car,by bus, by train,by phone,or by air mail.📨



We can use the word,『by』,for a way of communication or traffic.As I told you before,when we do something,there is a series of things such as motive,way,and aim.Why do we use『by』in this situation?☝


Its reason comes from a sense in which the way is nearer than other two.Roughly speaking,it means『by』is equal to 『how』.😃


As to a similar expression,there is next phrase,『on foot』.Then we don't adopt by,for foot isn't the way, but a part of ourselves,therefore it's not by foot,but on foot.👣



By the way,why is there an article in the expressions?When expressing『by car』,do we recall a concrete image of cars?I'm sure we don't.😃


It means with a way of traffic which means car,without recalling the concrete car.Therefore we deal with the word,『car』as an uncountable noun.😚

• 共感0

>> 149 【Preposition,by】Ⅴ


I made a mistake.As for my last comment,I wanted to say why there isn't article,but I forgot adding『not』then.It was shameful of me. I'm sorry for all the people who have read my thread.🙏


The book,ﾈｲﾃｨﾌﾞ･ｽﾋﾟｰｶｰの前置詞,says if we read another book,ﾈｲﾃｨﾌﾞ･ｽﾋﾟｰｶｰの英文法,our question in which there are no an articles then will have been dispelled. I've never read it, but I'm wondering if I should read it some day.This comment of mine has nothing to do with this thread.😚


As for some examples of by which means way or means, I'm going to show you them.



Example


⑬We should play by the rules.


What does it mean when there are some words such as rule or law behind by?It means we play with means of rule.We play,following the rule.😚


In this situation,in short,a thing which is meant with the word of by is correspondent to another word,how.☝


Example



⑭We are paid by the hour/by the dozen.


『By』which means units such as hour or dozen means same.It also corresponds to how.🙋

• << 155 【Preposition,by】Ⅵ I'm going to show you some different ways of using the word,by.😃 Example ⑮Yutaka Take won the Japan Cup by a neck. In this situation,by corresponds to『how much』rather than『how』. Example ⑯He escaped by the skin of his teeth. As for the phrase behind by,it's expressed how risky he was.It means Japanese phrase,in the nick of time 危機一髪,but an English expression is more desperate than Japanese one,for there isn't a skin of teeth at all in the world.😚 Example ⑰He stood by me. Except for means or a way,basic image of beside spreads over varied directions figuratively,so our imaginations have to be open all the way.エンジン全開😤 An image of being one's side 味方になる is closely connected with another one,being beside something.As for the phrase,stand by,we adopt it for a variety of situation figuratively.🙋 Example ⑱Stand by for action ⑲I can't stand idly by while people are starving. To be continued.bye😁

• 共感0