Science, math and English 12th

レス180 HIT数 2043 あ+ あ-


2025/06/08 16:52(更新日時)

始まるよ😊

Whenever there is a chance of expressing myself in English, I’m worried about its content, though it’s all right as long as I do what I want to express.

I’ve expressed, being based on the book, 面白くて眠れなくなる地学, right now, but it will be end until summer was over, at least. After that which topic, should I choose?

Without having basic knowledge at all, my thought is full of curiosity, so there are lots of things to express.

Roughly speaking, I’m not good at science, especially I’m not a math person, so I’m afraid I tend to avoid to handle math here, so I’m going to deal with math positively. But when being into something else, I am apt to forget it.

In addition, I don’t know how to show an equation with nth root here. I find it inconvenient. I have to improve my skill on the pc.

No.4287484 (スレ作成日時)

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No.51

【The secret of distinguished the shooting star from 】

《The target is the meteor shower》

…so it becomes the meteor shower. The recent example is the Leonid meteor shower, after the mother comet passed in 1999, we could see the meteor shower of the Leonid in Japan as well after two years.

The meteor shower is named after the constellation, and it‘s meaningful. When being able to see the meteor shower, if extending the orbits of each of meteor showers, they gather the single point which is the radiant point, and as the meteor shower flows from the radiant point, so it’s named after the…

No.52

【The secret of distinguished the shooting star from…】

…so it’s named after the constellation near the radiant point. As the earth throws itself into the dust caused by the comet, so the radiant point is made.

《Three conditions so as to see the shooting star》

As the dust doesn’t come to the earth, but the earth rushes into the dust, so almost all of the shooting starts are caused. The course in which the earth moves is the direction of the orbit of the earth’s revolution. When looking at the earth from the earth, it’s the right angle and left side from the sun, so it looks as if the large…

No.53

【The secret of distinguishing the shooting star from…】

《Three conditions so as to see the shooting star》

…so it looks as if the large amount of the shooting stars rushed into the around the orbit of the earth then. When can we see the shooting star from the earth? It’s from twelve o’clock in the midnight to the twelve o’clock in the daytime, but when the sun rises up in the sky, we can’t see any stars, so it’s actually from the twelve o’clock in the midnight to the time when the sun rises , then the shooting stars flow the most.

There are the next three secrets so as to be able to see...

No.54

【The secret of distinguishing the shooting star from…】

《Three conditions so as to see the shooting star》

There are the next three conditions so as to be able to see the shooting star.

1 looking for a dark place as much as possible.

2 the target is the meteor shower.

3 the time is from the twelve o’clock in the midnight until the time when the sun rises.

The meteor shower which frequently appear more than any others are the threes like the next. The one of the Quadrantids しぶんぎ座, the Perseus, and the Gemini. We call them the Big Three meteor shower, especially the author recommended us…

No.55

【The secret of distinguished the shooting star from…】

《Three conditions so as to be able to the shooting star》

…especially, the author recommended us the meteor shower of Perseus, for in the peak of the Perseus, the shooting star appears from thirty to sixty an hour, its appearance rate is stable and the shooting stars appears a lot every year, and its shooting star is bright. The day when it appears most is from the twelfth day to the thirtieth day August, and a few days before and after from the two days, the shooting stars appears actively.

Those days fall on the long day off in summer….

No.56

【The secret of distinguishing the shooting star from…】

Those days fall on the long day off in summertime, so we can enjoy watching the shooting star when being homecoming or a trip. Moreover it’s comfortable at night in summertime, the meteor shower of the Perseus is different from the Quanrantids and the Gemini in the middle of winter, so we can enjoy observing the shooting star outdoor comfortably then.

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the source of energy on the sun?》

How does the sun continue to burn? In the place which is vertical to the sun in the outside the…

No.57

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the source of energy from the sun?》

In the place in which is the vertical to the sun, the energy receiving from the sun on 1 square centimeter a minute is some two cal, and we call it the solar constant, and the energy which the whole earth receives reaches the large amount, but it’s just one-two
billionth on the energy which the sun releases in the outer space.

If the sun is made up with the fuel like the coal and releases the energy like that, it‘ll burn down in no more than hundreds of thousand years, but the sun continues to shine for…

No.58

【An accident】

To my sorrow, I can’t express myself in English any more today because my glasses are broken. Without wearing my.glasses, I’ve tried to express, but my eyesight is so wrong that I have to bend my head to the screen of my iPad when expressing, so I find it impossible to do for a long time.

Needless to say, I have a spare one, and I’ve worn it until now, but It’s also broken. I’m sorry for it. There is one more spare, but it’s the one when riding my scooter, so It’s not suitable for expressing something with the iPad. I’m farsighted.

Everyone, please have a nice day.

No.59

>>57

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the energy from the sun?》

…but the sun continues to shine no less than some four billion six hundred million years until now. Why? It used to be mysterious for a long time.

But with the development on the research of the atom in the twentieth century, the mystery has learned to be elucidated at last, turning out that the sun generates its energy by the nuclear fusion.

The nuclear fusion is the nuclear reaction by sticking light atoms together and changing into a heavy atom. Its mechanism is the same as the hydrogen bomb.

Four atomic…

No.60

【Does the sun continue to burn for ever?】

Four atomic cores of hydrogen changes into a single atomic core of helium happens in the sun. It’s the atomic reaction. Its mass is different according to its reaction, but the mass causes the energy from the sun.

The energy generated by the atomic fusion changes into the large amount of the heat, light and maintains the temperature of the sun and causes the next nuclear fusion.

In conclusion, the lifespan on the sun has been thought some ten billion years, so the sun will continue to shine five billion years from now on.

【The lifetime on the sun】

No.61

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《The lifetime on the sun》

One of the things which the astronomy has made clear in the 20th century is the next thing. The essential element which determines the lifetime on the fixed star is the mass.

To put it in extreme term, as long as we know the mass of the star when it’s born, we’ve learned to understand how long its lifespan and how it ends.

The sun is the stage of the main sequence star at present. 90% on the whole fixed stars belong to the stage. Each of nature resembles, and its size from the one tenth to the ten times as big as the sun.

No.62

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the source of energy from the sun?》

Lots of the fixed stars goes through the stage of the main sequence star and move to the next stages like the red giant, the red super giant, and the white dwarf.

The fixed stars spends each of its large amount of time as the main sequence star, and soon it swells and becomes bigger and changes into the red giant. The reaction of the nuclear fusion makes progress inside it, and its central part becomes the mass of helium, and then the reaction on the nuclear fusion by the hydrogen atom moves its outside.

No.63

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the source of the energy from the sun?》

As the structure on the star is made up of the balance between the gravity and the radiation, so when the reaction on the atomic fusion happens outside, the radiation becomes stranger than the gravity.

As a result, the star swells and becomes brighter and brighter, though the temperature on its surface drops.

As to the sun, after it was born some four billion six hundred million years ago and belongs to the main sequence star and has increased its brightness by 30% until at present.

It has been…

No.64

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《What is the source of energy from the sun?》

It has been expected the brightness on the sun becomes twice at the last stage of the main sequence star, and after that reaching the stage of the red giant of swelling abruptly, and approaching the orbit on the revolution of the earth or swallowing up the earth.

But at the first stage of the red giant, the sun releases the dust and gas so much that its mass becomes small, so the universal gravitation between the sun and the earth weakens, and it causes the earth to go out from the orbit of revolution…

No.65

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

…and it causes the earth to go out from the orbit on the revolution around the sun, so it is said the earth won’t be swallowed by the sun.

After that the stage of the red giant, the sun releases the gas and moves to the last stage of the white dwarf being covered with the gas as if the it were the funeral suit, changing into the cold star which doesn’t give off any light and soon its life comes to an end.

《Supernova explosion》

As to the star of which mass is from three to dozens times as big as the sun, its temperature on the central part reaches…

No.66

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《Supernova explosion》

…its temperature on the central part reaches one hundred million, and the nuclear fusion by helium is caused,

Then if its mass is the eight times as heavy as the sun or less, the carbon comes from the helium and accumulates in the central part, the force of repulsion by the electron can’t support the gravity, so the sun starts to shrink. Then the nuclear fusion by the carbon causes the big explosion.

Or when the mass on the sun is eight times as heavy as the sun or more, the iron on the central part continues to absorb the…

No.67

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《Supernova explosion》

…the iron on the central part continues to absorb energy, and is solved into helium and neutron. As a result, the pressure on the central core decreases drastically, and is crushed. Then external layer flys off and the explosion is caused. We call it the supernova explosion.

When looking at it from the earth, it seems a new star appears all of sudden, so we call it the supernova, but it’s not the new star but it’s the last flash emitted from the star.

Roughly speaking, the supernova explosion breakers out once from hundred to…

No.68

【Does the sun continue to burn forever】

…the supernova explosion breaks out once from hundred to two hundred years in the galaxy where we live.

Teika Fujiwara who was in the beginning at the Kamakura era in Japan. He is a poet and is well known as selector on the 新古今和歌集, and he wrote he saw a star which shone as bright as the Jupiter in the midnight from the 11th to 20th day May in 1054, at the end of the Heian era, in the lunar calendar.

It turned out the bright star was the supernova explosion in the Crab Nebula, according to the research later.

《Catching the neutrino from the supernova》

No.69

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《Catching the neutrino from the supernova》

A star of which mass is big causes the supernova given off an elementary particle, It’s the neutrino. The neutrino moves with the speed of light, and its mass is one-ten thousandth as small as the electron or less. Its biggest feature is without reacting with anything, the elementary particle reacts with almost all of nothing reacts, it passes through everything, a human body and the earth as well.

It’s the Dr. Masatoshi Koshiba who received the Nobel Prize in Physics, for his achievement on the research on…

No.70

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

《Catching the neutrino from the supernova》

…for his achievement on the research of the neutrino has been appreciated. He caught the neutrino from supernova in the big Magellanic Cloud for the first time in the world.

An enormous water tank and an observation equipment detecting the Cherenkov light emitting from the neutrino, what is called the Kamiokande, were used underground of which depth thousand meter below in Gifu prefecture so as to avoid the influence over the other cosmic rays.

The super Kamiokande of which number on the detector is…

No.71

【Does the sun continue to burn forever?】

The super Kamiokande of which number on the detector is seventieth times as more as the Kamiokande has operated from 1996, and it turned out that the neutrino has the mass.

【Without being able to live in the earth, where should we move?】

《A red planet taking after the Earth》

The Mars is the planet moving around outside the earth. It looks red, for the surface on the ground is covered with the rock including lots of iron oxide. Its diameter is half of the earth, and the mass is one-tenth of the earth.

The Mars rotates on its axis in twenty four….

No.72

【Without being able to live in the earth, where should we move?】

《The red planet taking after the Earth》

The Mars rotates on its axis in twenty four hours and thirty minutes which is almost as same as the Earth and moves around the sun in six hundred eighty seven days. Its axis of its own rotation is tilted by twenty five degrees against the vertical direction, so it has four season like the earth.

When the solar system was born four some billion six hundred million years ago, gas and dust of the shape of disk surrounding and revolving around the sun, and highly dense part was completed…

No.73

【Without being able to live in the earth, where should we move?】

《The red planet taking after the Earth》

…and planetesimal of which center is the dense part highly was born. Its diameter is some several kilometers. After that the planetesimal repeated colliding each other and grew bigger gradually, and the planets were born like the Earth and the Mars.

Both of the Earth and the Mars were born in the same timing, the Earth has plentiful of water on the surface of the ground, on the other hand, the surface on the ground of the Mars is covered with desolate ground as if it were the desert.

No.74

【Without being able to live on the earth, where should we move?】

What makes the situation of both of the Earth and the Mars change? It has been thought its biggest cause is the different size on the two of them.

The mass on the Mars is no more than one-tenth as light as the Earth, so the gravity preventing the air from leaving from the earth is some 40% of the earth, so the water vapor escapes into the outer space easily. The pressure on the atmosphere is one-two hundredth in the Mars. It’s very thin.

《Is the Mars the planet of the water?》

Did abundant water used to be in the Mars before?

No.75

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

《Is the Mars the planet of water?》

That way of thinking has been regarded as very likely from 1970s, for the geographical feature on the trace of the large amount of water flowing was discovered on the surface of the Mars by research of a probe.

It has been made sure that the mass of ice exists on the places which are equivalent to the polar region in the earth. The amount of the water which is stored as the ice in the place which is equivalent to the single polar region on the earth alone, the whole Mars was covered with…

No.76

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

《is the Mars the planet of water?》

…the whole Mars was covered with the water of which depth was eleven meter with the mass of the ice.

NASA sent two unmanned probes into the Mars in 2004, and found the evidence that the large amount of the water used to exist in the Mars then. There was the mine of sulfate 硫酸塩 which wasn’t formed without being the large amount of the water, and was the rock and stone of which shape on the layer was like wavelike, showing there was the flow of the water there.

The water of liquid gushed out…

No.77

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

《Is the Mars the planet of the water?》

The water of liquid gushed out from the inside of the Mars, and flowed sediments. There is the trace of it, so the new evidence has been discovered one after another.

We can foresee the large amount of the water used to exist in the Mars before and there was the time of warm and wet climate from those evidence. It has been presumed the water continues to exist underground as the form of ice at present.

In short, there is high possibility that the Mars is the planet of the water as well.

No.78

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

The water is indispensable existence so as to be born and to raise creatures. Some researchers predict there may be the creatures like bacteria in the Mars, but negative way of seeing has the majority.

《Only planet in which the human being can survive》

Have you ever heard of the word of terraforming? It’s a magnificent plan of changing a planet where none of the human being can live into the green one where the human being can live, and the most influential candidate is the Mars.

The distance between the Mars and sun is 1.5…

No.79

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

《Only planet in which the human being can live》

The distance between the Mars and the sun is 1.5 times of the one between the Earth and the sun, so there is little solar radiation on the surface of the ground in the Mars from the sun, so at first we have to make the surface on the ground of the Mars warm so as to carry out the plan. Two of concrete ideas have been considered at present.

The one is increasing the amount of light of being absorbed into the ground of the Mars from the sun, and raising the temperature on the Mars.

No.80

【Without being able to live on the earth, where should we move?】

《Only planet in which the human being can live?》

For example, setting up a tremendous and thin mirror in the outer space near the Mars and collecting the light from the sun and irradiating the light into the place which is equivalent to the polar place in the Earth, and melting the ice there.

When the ice melts there, the water vapor and carbon dioxide increase in the air, and the greenhouse gas effect works on, then the temperature learns to maintain its warmth.

The other one is crushing the pitch black colored…

No.81

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

《Only planet in which we the human being can live?》

The other one crushing the pitch black carbonaceous matter covering up the whole Mars and making them scatter on the surface of the Mars, and improving the efficiency of absorbing the solar light.

We have to carry out one more thing. We have to change the composition of the air so as that creatures can live there. It has been considered making use of a simple animate form like alga 藻類. The alga absorbs the carbon dioxide and does the photosynthesis, and releases oxygen.

No.82

【Without being able to live on the Earth, where should we move?】

When the air on the Mars becomes warm and the water of liquid learns to maintain, and if sending the alga then, the oxygen may have existed at the air in the Mars.

The research of making the alga of which high efficiency on the photosynthesis by bio genetics so as to go ahead of the plan. When the terraforming of the super gigantic project starts to move, the earthman who will be born in the Mars may not have been a dream after a few centuries.

The book of which title, 面白くて眠れなくなる地学, was over, so I’m going to start a new book.

No.83

【Preface】

I’m going to start a book of which title is とんでもなく役に立つ数学 from now on, it’s preface.

What made the author write the book? It was written in the preface like the next.

When writing other book, the author said he had confidence of relieving any kind of feeling of not being good at math in the book, and he was offered to have math class blasting off the feeling of being poor at math. It was a challenge for the author whether or not he could carry it out.

He said he was afraid It is fact that there have been lots of people who hate the math, but if changing the way of seeing way…

No.84

【Preface】

…there is the possibility that those people learn to like math enough, and there is room for the people who hate the math join in a mathematical discussion pleasantly.

It is certain it takes time to master mathematical signs, but it’s same for studying languages.

Remembering English words alone doesn’t lead anyone to learn to be able to speak English. We have to understand a different cultural background so as to communicate with foreign people really.

The sign on the math is equal to the words in the English, so it’s necessary to learn the math, but the identity behind the…

No.85

【Preface】

…but the identity behind the background is as necessary as likewise the signs, so the author said he focused on the cultural background as well. He thought the mathematical idea is able to be used in other field too.

He’s written the book for children whose age from fifteen to sixteen, and the thing which he wanted to send the message to those children wasn’t the math which they learn at the textbook of math in high school.

The math advancing into the society and playing an active role at various scenes, and the math which have humanity and something strict and something….

No.86

【Preface】

…and something strict and something negligible are mixed up.

Mastering exactness has made the mass acquire the original view of the world until now, and the author said he didn’t think he wanted to deny it, and say the math itself must not lose exactness in the future.

But when taking advantage of math in the real society, if using the math as it was, he found it hard, so it needs to deform the shape a little, so something negligible is intervened there, and mathematicians who couldn’t bear it confined to their ideal world and devoted themselves to the math in their lifetime.

No.87

【Preface】

The author said he didn’t want to lead his life like that and to make use of the powerful weapon and useful knowledge on the math so as to make the society become better even a little, so he’s decided to learn both the math and the reality in the society and to make the two of them mix up enough inside himself and stirring them enough. It took no less than ten years to carry out one of his trial, he said it’s 渋滞学. What’s it?

Not only the traffic congestion, but trying to challenge in various fields by using math from now one, he said, and wanting his students to have experience…

No.88

【Preface】

…and wanting his students to have experience how interesting, how amusing the math was, and to expand the possibility on the math together if possible.

The thing which the author wanted his students to feel is true meaning of thinking by using the math. He said he wanted us the readers of this book to acquire the mathematical weapons more and more. The way of using them will be helpful to our life, he said like that.

The math which was introduced in this book isn’t always hard to understand, and its original idea is very simple and easy to understand, he said like that.

No.89

【Preface】

When reading the book and finding it hard to read, then the author itself doesn’t understand enough, there seem to be lots of the situation like that, though he made effort so much, but it may have been something insufficient, so if there is the place which you can’t understand enough, putting the blame on the author and you should continue to read more and more, the author said like that.

This part of his expression fits me as well, but excusing myself for my English, I’m just an amateur on all of the topics which I’ve showed you here, to my sorrow my knowledge is insufficient

No.90

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Even if forgetting a formula, we don’t forget the way of thinking》

The author started to speak in front of his students in his math class as teacher, and the students who like math was half and the others who hate math is other half. The author asked his students the reason why they like math or hate math, and from the reason why they love. Each of them spoke the reason one after another.

My feeling on the math swayed between the likeness and hate in the past, but I like it pretty at present, for there are various ways of solving, but its…

No.91

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Even if forgetting a formula, we don’t forget the way of thinking》

…but the answer is the single one, so it is easy to understand and when solving the problem, I feel refreshed.

The author said it is sure we feel refreshed. Whether or not the answer is the single one is an important point, so he said he was going to say it later.

There is other comment from other student.

The sense of accomplishment, and the feeling exhilarated when solving the problem is greater than other subject. I’m kind of argumentative a little, so I like the place…

No.92

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Even if forgetting a formula, we never forget the way of thinking》

…so I like the place where we think logically, in addition, I’ve heard the math is both logical illogical before, so I’m interested in the math which is complicated and mysterious.

The author asked where the student heard it, and the student answered.

On TV, Dr. John Nash said.

The author said.

You watched a good program. The logic is important in the math, but there are various things which we can’t simply distinguish between things. I’ll talk about Dr. Nash next time…

No.93

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Even if forgetting a formula, we don’t forget the way of thinking》

The comment from the student continued.

It’s like a puzzle, so as long as I remember the formula, after fitting the formula in with an equation, we can solve it for myself, so I have fun. I think learning by heart is important in the math. Its image is mechanical and cool.

The author asked the student whether he liked or not learning by heart, and he answered it can’t be helped, and the author said like the next.

I’m poor at learning by heart. Even if we remember it, we …

No.94

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Even if forgetting a formula, we never forget the way of thinking》

…we learn to forget more and more when being a grownup. Your parents can’t solve a quadratic equation which you learn at the second grade in junior high school, for we are apt to forget the formula, but we never forget the way of thinking, so the thing which I’m going to talk isn’t the formula and sign alone, I’ll do the mathematical way of thinking mainly.

The author asked another who hated the math, and he answered like the next.

I’m wondering if I’m not suitable for the...

No.95

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《How high can we climb on the steps of logic?》

I’m afraid the preface is long and boring, so I’m going to skip it, and the author start to talk on the content of the math. What is the math?

The word of the formula often appears in the math, like fitting the formula in with the equation. In short, the formula is a logic.

For example, It’s A, so is B, and C, D…it’s also the logic.

As being hungry, I have a meal, or as I don’t sleep very well, so I feel sleepy.

They are also the kind of the logic. A is B, the more the process increases the….

No.96

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《How high can we climb the step of logic? 》

…the more the process increases, the more it’s complicated and we can’t understand it. How many process can we endure it?

The author said the one who can do the math can endure the process no less than ten thousand. Some of them can hundred thousand, and they can climb the step of the logic exactly and lightly one by one.

We can foresee some expectation in our life. If we do this way, the other must have thought like that, whether or not it’s right is other story, but we can foresee to some extent.

No.97

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

How much can we continue? How much can we train with them? It’s by far more important than a minor detail on the math, and it’s the shortcut for the math, the author said like that.

《Connecting something which doesn’t make any sense more and more》

The author recommended that we should try a word play connecting the training. He handed out some small paper to the students and told them to write a short sentence which doesn’t connect each other as much as possible. Everything is ok. For example, I feel hungry or I saw a pretty dog.

Gathering…

No.98

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

《Continuing something which doesn’t make any sense more and more》

Gathering all of them and making the students choose two papers, and connecting them forcibly and making a story. Connecting two sentences which aren’t on the same wavelength at all, it’s all right we can use how many steps, but when connecting, we must do something which make everyone be convinced, it’s absolutely right

The author said please make everyone here be convinced, and consider how much make others have fun.

The student asked it’s all right if considering the emotion

No.99

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

The author said it’s all right, though he said he wanted them to go ahead with the theory alone, but it’s just a play, and it’s all right if there was a jump. Even if happening to choose two easy sentences connecting easily, and it’s over by a single step, please add other step to the story. It’s like that, and in the next it’s like this, so it’s like this.

He said he used to do the play always, and learned to solve an applied problem automatically, learned to be able to occur various imaginations to him, and he wasn’t astonished easily, for….

No.100

【Putting a problem in the breast pocket always】

As the author always connected something absurd alone, he wasn’t astonished easily.

The students started to announce each of stories. After reading two sentences, showing its story.

There are the two sentences.

I went for a walk. I listened to a story which I couldn’t understand very well.

When going for a walk, I met a homeless, listening to the homeless, it said the way of distinguishing a food which we can eat and the other which we can’t eat.

The author admired it’s good, as to the story which being unable to understand, showing its…

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