English and so on Ⅱ

【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A member of labor union was killed〉

Public opinion criticized severely the old members in Miike who attacked the new members, but the situation changed altogether in the next day.

Member in labor union in Miike picked in front of the gate of the caol mine in order to prevent the members in new labor union from going into the coal mine, and two hundred of local gangsters attacked them. Then one of members in labor union in Miike was killed with a dagger.

As the old members reflected the brawl in the previous day, they didn...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈One of members in labor union was killed〉

...they didn`t have any weapons like the square timber in the previous day, so the old members couldn`t resist against the local gangsters at all.

The company denied a relation with the gangsters, but the public opinion changed its attitude and supported the labor union in Miike. The people in society hated that members in labor union who couldn`t resist were attacked. A movement withdrawing from labor union in Miike and joining the new one stopped.

〈It developed into a struggle of...〉

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It developed into a struggle of security treaty and Miike nationwide〉

The murder case made the struggle in Miike change into a struggle nationwide altogether.

Sohyo started a plan of uniting the struggle for security treaty and the other in Miike and fought.

Members of Sohyo who rushed to so as to support from all over Japan reached three hundred thousand in total.

The National Federation of Students` Sefl-Government Associations 全学連 also came to Miike. A phrase of Security Treaty and Miike was used.

In the middle of the...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It developed into a struggle of security treaty and Miike nationwide〉

In the middle of the struggle in Miike, the National Federation of Students` Self-Government Associations　全学連 which was opposed to the security treaty stormed into national assembly on the fifteenth day June, and Michiko Kanba was dead, and the Security Treaty formed automatically on the nineteenth day June.

After the security treaty was formed, as the struggle for the security treaty lost its aim, Sohyo put effort into supporting the struggle in Miike, so the...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It developed into a struggle of Security Treaty and Miike nationwide〉

...and the struggle in Miike became a scale of nationwide more and more.

〈A struggle over hopper〉

A focus on the struggle in actual spot was limited offense and defense over a hopper, which was a facility for coal to heap and ship.

After coal was dug out from the coal mine, it was gathered to the hopper and piled up in a wagon and was shipped.

In the middle of a series of the struggle, the coal was dug by the new members, heaped and shipped. If the hopper...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

If occupying the hopper, the coal wouldn`t be able to be shipped. The company would be damaged heavily.

Labor union in Miike occupied the hopper. They built some shacks around the hopper and made the member in labor union watch the hopper around the clock.

On the other hand, the company applied an interium order to Fukuoka district court that the members in labor union in Miike stopped occupying the hopper.

Fukuoka district court recognized it, and asked the labor union to release the occupation.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

The term for release the hopper was 21st July.

Sohyo declared they put up a stubborn defense on the hopper and held a whole rally by one hundred thousand of members, so the members of labor unions rushed to Omuta from all over Japan.

However when an executive officer in district court asked to release from occupation, the labor union didn`t accept it. Provisional execution by the district court was stopped on eighteenth day nor nineteenth day. The district court request the police to support.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

The labor union organized a defensing team so as to prevent the police from releasing the occupation.

Number of shack around the hopper increased to forty, and they made a moat of which width two meters, depth one meter,and length fifty meters by the shack. It was as if it had been a trench in the middle of war.

When a group of policemen rushed there, they planned to pour gasoline in the moat and to set on fire. Defending team of twenty thousand who had a pickax or wooden sword strengthened its defense.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

Besides, petrol bomb was also prepared for the group of policemen.

Members of labor unions and labors in Sohyo who rushed there so as to support organized a unit, and repeated a training in which they prepared for a clash agaisnt the group of policemen.

There were some labors who couldn`t be accomodated in shacks, and they took a nap. Their pillow was the railway for a wagon of coal in a tremendous site for the hopper.

On the other hand, the group of policemen were ten thousand, including supporting...

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【A strugglw between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

On the other hand, the group of policemen were ten thousand, including supporting team four thousand and hundred, except for Fukuoka prefecture.

The police prepared for an armored car, a water truck, and a helicopter, and decided to storm to the hopper at 5：00 a.m. on the twentieth day June.

Clashing head-on by the people of twenty thousand who had weapons and ten thousand. Lots of members in labor union and policemen prepared for each of death.

Main force of the group of policemen departed from...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈A struggle over a hopper〉

The main force of the group of policemen departed from Fukuoka city a.m.2：00. There was order to the policemen who were in the actual spot to go into action at a.m.3：15.

〈It was avoided immediate before they clashed〉

If the labors and the group of policemen clashed head-on, it was expected that lots of people would be dead.

The Ikeda Cabinet which was formed immediate before on the eightennth day was worried about a bloody disastrous accident. The Minister of Labor took into action in order to get the...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It was avoided immediate before they clashed〉

The Minister of Labor took into action so as to get the situation under control. He urged both of the labor and management to respond to conciliation from the central labor committe.

The central labor committee told both of the president in Mitsui mine and the chairperson in the labor union in the coal mine to come, and offered a proposal to both of them by word of mouth 3：00 a.m.

Accepting final plan on conciliation unconditionally, the labor union got rid of the picket, and the...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It was avoided immediate before they clashed〉

Accepting the fianl plan on conciliation,the labor union got rid of the picket, and the company withdrew the application on the interium order.

The central labor committee listened to what they wanted to say from both of the labor union and the company for a week so as to make a plan of conciliation.

The central labor committee offered like that. It urged both of the labor union and the company to accept the plan of conciliation unconditionally. It was an exceptional case, for as to...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It was avoided immediate before they clashed〉

...for as to its content, they had no idea, but they were asked to accept it unconditionally. It was a clear manifestation of wanting to avoid the imminent clash at any cost.

A car in the group of policemen which moved to the hopper suddenly stopped 4：00 a.m.and returned, for the police knew that there was a prospect that the labor union would accept the offer from the central labor committee, and rushing to the hopper was put off.

Both of Sohyo and labor union in the coal mine...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈It was avoided immediate before they clashed〉

Both of Sohyo and labor union in the coal mine accepted the offer from the central labor committee in the afternoon on the day, for both of them feared the bloddy disastrous accident owing to clashing head-on.

The president in Mitsui mine refused to accept the offer, but the Minister of the Labor himself persuaded him into accepting it.

〈The labor union in Mitsui was defeated〉

The central labor committee announced a final plan on the conciliation on the tenth day August.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈Labor union in Mitsui was defeated〉

The company withdrew the dismissal of workers by name, and the ones
who fell under the dismissal resign from their job voluntarily. The ones who resign from their job voluntarily would be supplied twenty thousand yen, except for severance money. The company accepted it.

The labor union in coal mine in Mitsui decieded to accept it September and the labor union in Miike reluctantly did it.

Even if being withdrawn the dismissal of workers by name, the ones who were designated would resign from...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈Labor union in Miike was defeated〉

...the ones who were designated would resign from their job eventually, so the labor union accepted the plan of personnel cut by the company. Labor union in Miike was defeated actually. There was the confrontation between the whole labor and the whole capital, and the whole labor was beaten.

Members in the labor union in Miike started to work after three hundred thirteen days.

The ones who resigned from the Miike mine were refused to get job again from other companies because of being from Miike.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈Labor union in Miike was defeated〉

Other members in labor union who stayed in Miike would suffer from discriminatory treatment in their place of work.

The slogan that when being lost, even if going away, or staying, being forced to be in difficulty came true.

After that the ones who changed from the old labor union to the new one continued to increase. In the next year when the struggle was over, the new labor union came to outnumber the old one.

Labor union in Miike fell into a minority, and new employees joined the new...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈Labor union in Miike was defeated〉

...and almost all of new employees joined the new labor union, so gap between the old and new labor union expanded more and more.

When going into the coal mine, the old members drew white three lines on their helmet, so they could recognize they were the same members in the labor union.

The minority encouraged each other, and after that continued their activity and protected their labor union.

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

The town in coal mine echoed with explosive sound...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

The town of coal mine echoed with an explosive sound around 3：00 p.m. on Saturday ninth day November in 1963.

There was an explosion five hundred meters away from the entrance of the inclined shaft in Miike mining station. Blast and fire blew through the second inclined shaft parallel to the first one. Each place collapsed.

Some miners were blown away by the blast and were dead, and others were buried alive by the collapse. A large amount of carbon diocide gave off, and lots of...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

...and another was dead on account of carbon dioxide poisoning.

It caused by coal dust explosion. A truck carrying coal started moving without its operator and derailed. Friction between the rail and wheel gave off sparks, and caught fire from the coal dust.

Number of the miners were over one thousand and two hundred in the coal mine then. The deceased were four hundred and fifty eight, and those injured either slightly or seriously were five hundred and fifty five. It was the...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

It was the biggest disaster in coal mine after the war.

The ones who had a narrow escape from death suffered from aftereffect on carbon dioxide poisoning after that.

Members of rescue team who went to rescue inhaled the carbon dioxide and aftereffect remained. Eight hundred and thirty nine people suffered from aftereffect such as being in a coma, and mental disorder, according to investigation by the company.

When digging the coal, there was a fine dust of the coal, and it...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole laobr】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

...and dust of coal drifted away in the air. If the air was filled with the dust of coal in coal mine, there was danger to explode. Everyone should know it enough.

There was no danger as long as it was always clean in coal mine or sprinkling water and making there dampen, but cleaning the coal mine was neglected.

After the disaster, there was a voice that if the labor union watched, security in the place of work was done, and the disaster may not have happened.

Members in labor...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈The struggle was over but a tragedy happened〉

Members in labor union in Miike sought for safety in the place of work and developed the struggle there. They insisted that if the force of the labor union became weak, safety for labors would be threatened. Their isnsitence was demonstrated as tragedy.

Revolution on energy from coal to oil continued after that. Not only oil in low cost was used as source of energy, but the coal in low cost was also imported from overseas.

Domestic coal lost its ability to compete, and coal mines...

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【The struggle was over but a tragedy happened】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened〉

...and coal mines each place in Japan were closed one after another, and the coal mine in Miike itself was closed March in 1997. Then number of members in the old labor union were fifteen, and others in the new labor union were about nine hundred. While the labor union remained, the coal mine didn`t.

After that, in a movement on labor, some labor unions put up slogan, let`s struggle like Miike, but if overdoing, we`ll be the ones like Miike, so Miike was used as brake for the labor unions.

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マユミちゃん、元気か？🙂　今日は休み。多分明日も(^-^)

【The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy broke out〉

If looking back on the Miike struggle at present, it showed us a tragedy that labors were baffled by an industrial change. On the other hand, it makes us think of a dignity on the people who work, for a principle of a duty on labor union preventing its members from being fired was carried out.

However the time has changed. A labor movement like the Miike struggle has never existed at present. When managing a company doesn`t go well as expected, a personnel cut...

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【The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened】

〈The tragedy was over, but a tragedy brought about〉

...a personnel cut is done easily, and it is said in other way, what is called リストラ. Far from improvement on the condition for labors. A way of management has made a moral of the labor drop. It`s thriven, but the Miike struggle makes us think an significance on working, or on union for the labors.

As looking back on the Miike struggle, an activist said like the next.

The Miike struggle is a great one which will be remembered forever. I`m sure no one who joined the struggle thought it was...

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【The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened】

〈The struggle was over, but a tragedy broke out〉

I`m sure probably no one who participated in the struggle thought it was in the wrong even just now. I`ve thought myself it was a right struggle just now.

〖A poem from the Miike struggle〗

We hope we went ahead in a right way someday in the future when the history is described, we lived honestly.

Though we have been poor and our fingers have been gnarled, but we hope our look has been beautiful and honest, the others would thought of us like that in the future.

We hope we have looked at...

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【The struggle was over, but a tragedy happened】

〖A poem from the Miike struggle〗

We hope we have looked at a beautiful future straight firmly, the others would think us of like that in the future. We have lived honestly so as to do for the people who work.

We hope we the Japanese who worked were burning with anger and lots of blood were bleeding, the others would think of us like that in the future.

〈After that,what`s happened?〉

An indiscriminate wounding and killing case broke out at Akihabara in Tokyo August in 2008. The one who was arrested was the member of a temporary company, so...

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈After that what`s happened?〉

...so it was pointed out that there was unstable social standing in the background of the case. Though it wasn`t always clear, a way of labor by temporary companies was reexamined again after that.

With a calling from then the Koizumi Cabinet, being ranking among other countries in the middle of global economy, a new liberal current of makikng much of the market economy was made much more than anything was spread then, and abolition on regulation for labor went ahead. Labor condition became worse.

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【A struggle between the whole capital and the whole labor】

〈What`s happened after that?〉

As an influence from labor unions became weak, an opposing movement by the labor unions don`t have any influence. If the labor union becomes work, rights are robbed of the labors.It`s happened.

How should be the labor union, or movement by the labor union in new time? Restructure on movement for labors which is appropriate for the new time has been sought for at present.

【A treaty between Japan and Korean was concluded】

〈A tense relation between Japan and Korean due to an issue on a historic textbook〉

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A tense relation between Japan and Korean due to an issue on a history textbook〉

Korea requested an amendment for Japanese government on all eight kind of history textbook which were to used in junior high school from April in 2002, especially Korea treated the next description as an issue that Korea was annexted to Japan.

Japanese government thought that Korea was annexed to Japan was indispensable so as to maintain safety in Japan and to defend rights and interests in Korea.

On the other hand, Korean government was repelled by the...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A tense realtion between Japan and Korea due to an issue on history textbook〉

Korean government felt repelled that Japan justified invasion on Korea, and requested for 25 places on amendment of the description in the textbook.

As to only a place, Japanese government recognized it was an obvious mistake, but as for others, refused to amend them, for they weren`t always evident mistakes.

Korea felt repelled so violently by the Japanese answer that various plans for exchange between Japan and Korea were called off, so the relation between...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A tense relation between Japan and Korea due to an on issue of history textbook〉

...so the relation between Japan and Korea became cold. Serious confrontation between Japan and Korea over opinion on controlling Korean peninsula continued often.

Let`s look back on the history, dating back to the conclusion of the Japan and Korea treaty in 1965.

〈The situation became complicated by a remark that but Japan did good things〉

After the Pacific War was over owing to the defeat by Japan, both Japan and Korea started a negotiation in order to....

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【A treat between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A remark that but Japan did good things made the situation complicated〉

...both Japan and Korea started negotiation in order to establish diplomatic relations. A remark by a Japanese representative made the Korean get angry at the meeting for the negotiation.

Kanichiro Kubota who was the chief representative said over Korean peninsula controlled by Japan that Japan constructed railways and harbor, and developed farmland. Sometime we spent twenty million yen on them a year. It`s remark by Kubota that but Japan did good things.

On the other...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A remark that but Japan did good things made the situation complicated〉

On the other hand, representatives from Korea felt repelled violently the assistance like ten million yen or twenty million yen wasn`t for the Koreans but for the Japanese. The Japanese constructed prisons and police station with the money.

Korea called the remark by Kubota a thoughtless remark by Kubota, and protested against it that Japan didn`t reflect at all that Korea was annexted to Japan. Then the negotiation between Japan and Korea broke down.

After that...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A remark that but Japan did good things made the situation complicated〉

After that, Japanese leading figures also often remarked that but Japan did good things, and then Korea felt repelled. Its original form was completed then.

As to the negotiation between Japan and Korea,it started aiming for solutions on pending problem like claiming damage by Korea, or a treatment on fishing area fixed by Korea, but when the negotiation started, it didn`t go smoothly on account of a thinking way of difference between Japan and Korea.

『A remark by Eto』

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

『Column, a remark by Eto』

Takami Eto who was the director on the Ministry of Home Affairs spoke a group of reporters like the next November in 1995.

Japan did good things. We constructed schools in all cities, towns and villages, and built a high school of agriculture and forestry, and Seoul Imperial University, so we raised their educational standard all together. We arranged railways, harbors, irrigated, and planted trees on mountains.

His remark continued immediately after that but it`s fact that we`re lacking in consideration...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

『Column, a remark by Eto』

His remark continued immediately after that but it`s the fact that we`re lacking in consideration for the proud nation,but the former part on his remark was appearance again from the remark by Kubota and became an issue. And Eto director was forced to resign.

Masayuki Fujioka who was the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology spoke that Korea is responsible that it was annexed to Japan in 1986 and was dismissed.

〈Controlling Korean peninsula by Japan was over, and it divided into south...〉

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Controlling Korean Peninsula by Japan was over, and the peninsula divided into south and north〉

Japan surrendered on the 15th day August in 1945, and the World War Ⅱ was over. Korean peninsula under control by Japan was released from Japan then.

Immediate before the World War Ⅱ was over, Potsdam Declaration was done, and a plan of separating Korea from Japan and being independent from Japan started in the declaration.

Japan accepting the Potsdam declaration and surrendered, so it means accepting separation Korean peninsula at the same time.

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Controlling Korean peninsula by Japan was over, and Korean peninsula divided into south and north〉

It means that Japan accepted Korea was separated from Japan at the same time.

After Japan surrendered, the military force in Soviet went into Korean Penisula. As looking at it, the U.S. army stationed from south in a hurry, Korean peninsula divided into south and north from the North latitude 38 degrees and was controlled. It`s a start of a history that Korean peninsula divided into south and north. Two kinds of Korean nations were born in...

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【A treaty between Korea and Japan was concluded】

〈Controlling Korean peninsula by Japan was over, and Korean peninsula divided into south and north〉

Two kinds of Korean nations were born in south and north.

The U.S.army which controlled south half of Korean peninsula establihsed Korean government office and starting its rule, though it was actually American government office.

Not only fortune from Japanese government but also from individuals of the Japanese were confiscated then. It was from recognition that the fortune of the Japanese in Korean peninsula was exploitation from the...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korean was concluded】

〈Controlling Korean peninsula by Japan was over and Korean peninsula divided into south and north〉

It was from recognition that the fortune of the Japaneses was an exploitation from the Koreans when Japan controlled Korea. After South Korea was born, the fortune was handed over to South Korea from America. It belonged to the government of South Korea.

〈Korean war broke out〉

A big army in North Korea suddenly broke through the 38 degrees and attacked South Korea June 1950. Korean War brought about then. Allied force of which center was...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Korean War broke out〉

Allied force of which center was America supported South Korea, and China did North Korea, and the war got bogged down.

America thought there should be a close relation between Japan and South Korea so as to compete with influence in socialism, and started intermediation between Japan and Korea.

I Sung-man who was then the Korean President was passive on improvement relation between Japan and South Korea in the beginning, but started to improve relation between Japan and South Korea in order to compete with North Korea

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Korean war broke out〉

Japan had a reason to negotiate with South Korea in a hurry, for it`s what is called I line.

A border called MacArthur line was drawn between Japan and South Korea. MacArthur established in order to restrict operation on Japanese fishing.

However I Sung-man 李承晩 President in South Korea established it closer area of the sea to Japan, and declared it was the territory of South Korea. We called it I line in Japan.

A fishing boat which went over the I line was captured one after another even if it was inside of the...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Korean War broke out〉

Japanese fishing boats which went over the I line were captured one after another even if they were inside the MacArthur line. Fishing boats were confiscated, and their crews were on judge and were locked up in a prison. We call it a detention.

Some crews in Japanese fishing boats were shot to death by the military force in South Korea. Number of the Japanese who were captured by South Korea reached about three thousand and nine hundred until 1965.

Voice of dissatisfaction raised from inside Japan, so Japan needed...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈Korean War broke out〉

...so Japan needed to establish cooperated relation with South Korea and to solve the problem as soon as possible.

〈A meeting between Japan and South Korea started〉

Thus the first meeting between Japan and South Korea started in the middle of the Korean War February in 1952.

South Korea requested its compensation Japan for its damage in the meeting. It did its compensation Japan for damage on the Koreans who suffered from controlling Korean peninsula by Japan.

On the other hand, Japan requested to return our...

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【A treaty between Japan and South Korea was concluded】

〈A meeting between Japan and South Korea started〉

On the other hand, Japan requested to return our fortune which was confiscated from Japan immediate after the war and was handed over to South Korea. We tried to nullify each of the requests.

Japanese government didn`t try to admit the compensation, for the compensation should be done from a country which was beaten in the war to a country which won.

It doesn`t always mean that Japan and South Korea were at war then. Japanese government`s position was like that, and if recognizing ...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A meeting between Japan and Korea started〉

...and if accepting the compensation, it would lead to acception that Japan did Korea something illegal. Japan feared an insistence that Korea was annexed to Japan was lawful was inconsistent with accepting the annexation.

The negotiation was often suspended over the issue, and even if a meeting was held intermittently, it was broken down by the remark of Kubota.

Moreover the negotiation was opposed over other issues. Korea was annexed to Japan and its treaty was concluded. How should they...

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【A treaty between Japan and Korea was concluded】

〈A meeting between Japan and Korea started〉

How should they handle the treaty? What should they do the position on Korean residents in Japan? They were opposed to the issues and their opinions weren`t settled easily.

By the way what was the annexation of Korea?

『Column, a treaty over annexation on Korea』

Both Japanese emperor and Korean emperor hope special and close relation between them, increase each of happiness mutually, want to secure peace in the East area forever.

Korea reached a conclusion that it was annexed to Japanese empire...

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