A fourth diary in English

>> 299 『above』Ⅱ When we tell you to put this nice warm blanket over you,you… 『above』Ⅲ


It means that a variety of things such as quantities,temperatures,and ages exceed their objections.😃


Example


④ Mt.Fuji is 3.776m,above seaーlevel.


⑤ I got caught driving above the speed limit again.


⑥ At high school,Ohnishi was always above average at English.
　　　　　　　
As to the ④,the word of seaーlevel,it means that height of land which we measure from the surface of sea.🌅


As for ⑤,it means an excess of my speed.🚗


As to ⑥,it means that Ohnishi could speak English better than the average of the high school.🔤


Example


⑦ He is above suspicion.


When increasing degree of abstraction,we use the above like the ④.Needless to say,an opposite of the above is below.😁


『after』


A basic image of a preposition,after,means following something.Its basic image is obvious when expressing not only time such as after dinner but also some places.🙋

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>> 301 『after』Ⅱ


Example


① I ran after the pickpocket.


What do you think about a situation in which an image of the after is extended like the ①?😃


Even if the image of the after is expanded so much,we can recognize that its basis is the word, follow.😚


Example


② This is a painting after the manner of the impressionists.


② means that its way follows styles of the impressionists.😁


Example


③ We are going to name our first son after my grandfather.


④ He's a man after my own heart.


③ means that our first son was named,being connected with my grandfather.I hope he'll follow my granfather's nature 👴


④ means that his nature resembles mine.His nature follows my way of thinking and my activities.😺


By the way,a phrase of look after means taking care of someone,but why?☝


When looking after someone,we usually go with the person from its back.When taking care of it,where is the best position?It's a back of the person,for even if something bad happens,we'll be able to deal with it.👍

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>> 302 『after』Ⅲ


When going on a trip for a place where there seen to be lots of pickpockets,a person who is a good traveler carries its backpack on its front.😃



As for its place,he or she can always catch sight of its backpack.An author of ネイティブスピーカーの前置詞,says like next.🔤


『I have a daughter whose age is two.When looking after her,I make it a rule to walk behind her,for if anything should happen to her,it would be simple awful😥』


Example


⑤ Manami takes after her dad.

⑥ A strange man was asking after you this morning.


As to an usage of the after,the take after is similar to the name after,for the take after means following its feature.In short,the take after means that a person resembles someone.🙋


As for the ask after,it means that a person visits lots of people in order to ask them about something.The ask after has a feeling of following someone,or something,seeking for information on it.😺

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>> 303 after』Ⅳ


Oh!I made a mistake!As for a word of seen on the third line of the body 本文 of the last response of mine,I should have used another word,seem then.I'm sorry for it.😳

If the after's basic image is following something or someone,we can't express like the next one.😃

❌ See you after 5 minutes.


Then we have to adopt in which means a future.As to the time when five minutes pass,it's just a point,so the time doesn't follow anything at all.😁


If we say like the next one,it's all right.


Example


⑦ I'll see you after lunch（after finishing my homework）


The example has a feeling of following a plan that I'll see you.👍


『against』


As to a meaning of against,it looks like a Japanese word,「～に対して」.While to or for just mean a direction,against means power which repels when facing it.😺


Example


① I was leaning against the fusuma when it collapsed.


① has a feeling of adding some pressure to the fusuma,but it has another feeling.I'm going to express it in the next time.😃

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>> 304 『against』


As to its pressure,the fusuma didn't only receive the weight,but push back and support it,though it collapsed in the end.😣


Example


② The cook sharpened his knife against the stone.


The word of sharpen has a feeling of being added the pressure and the stone has another feeling of pushing back the knife.😃



Another meanings of the against have developed.They are resistance,opposition about something.🔤


Example


③ There is some evidence against the claim thta smoking leads to the cancer.🚬


④ Are Verdy playing against Kashima Antlers next week?⚽

⑤ Help us in the fight against AIDS.🏥


Each example has the feeling of adding some pressures.When using the the against for something dangerous,harmful,or unpleasant, it means that we oppose them,so a nuance that preparing for them,or even if something bad happens,preventing us from receiving their damages.👍


Example


⑥ I'm saving all these coins against a rainy day.


⑦ There is no ensurance against natural disaster.

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【A poor excuse】


Yesterday the battery of my scooter was dead,so I went to a shop of motorcycles so as to repair my scooter.🚲


My scooter has a burglar alarm防犯ベル.When the alarm works,if someone tries to move my scooter,the alarm will function then.🚲


The alarm prevents others from stealing my scooter.While the burglar alarm has a strong point like that,it has a weak point like the next one.😱


Its sound echoes so much that it ends up consuming lots of electricity.🚲


After I went to the shop of the motorcycle,I had to wait for about a few hours,for the battery of my scooter had to be charged.It took a few hours.😠


I worked at a factory last Saturday,so my day off was no more than 1,in addition the happening prevented me from having a good rest.😩


Therefore,I'm going to have a drink tomorrow.It's just that I want to make a pleasant change of pace息抜き.😚


I'm wondering if I always take a rest.When thinking of drinking,I feel like humming.😳

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『along』


The preposition of along reminds us of a thing which is long and narrow such as a river,road,and line.😃


While another preposition,across,conjures up going from one side to other,it means going sideways,the along reminds us of going parallel to a vertical direction.🙋



There are some people who misunderstand like next.They seem to think that a phrase of go along the road is equal to other one of go by the side of the road,but the two phrases are different.😥


If I go by the side of the road,my body will be covered with lots of injuries before I reach my destination,for the phrase of go by the side of the road has a nuance that my whole of body clings to the road when advancing.😱


It's shameful of me to say,but I'm afraid I'm not good at expressing,so I maynot be able to make myself understood in English,especially,concerning this remark.😳



Needless to say,the phrase of go along the road means that going on the road itself.😁

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『along』Ⅱ


Contrary to it,as to other phrase,go along a river,it means the next one.😃


When walking there, we walk beside the river.In short it depends on the circumstances.臨機応変😚


Example


① I'm lost! The restaurant is somewhere along this street.


The along can expresses a place which is parallel to a long and narrow.It's equal to a Japanese word,～に沿って😺


The phrase of along with means being together.🔤


Example


② Why does he always have to bring his wife along with him?


If we think that his wife moves parallel to a direction of his going,we can grasp a reason why the meaning of being together appears.👪


Example


③ You need more money? OK, I'll send a cheque along with my next letter.✉


We can use the along for not only a person,but also a thing.As for the along, I'm going to express the last two examples.They also mean being together.🙋


④ Come along!

⑤ The bus will be along in a minutes.

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>> 308 『along』Ⅲ


Contrary to it,a phrase of「come here」 means that come to a place where I am,but another one,「come along」is different.😃


Come along means that come to a place where I am and let's do something together.As to ⑤,it means that the bus will come to a speaker and it will go somewhere with the bus.The along means being together.🚌


『among』


Some people confuse a word of among and other one,between.It cannot be helped,for we frequently express both of them in Japanese like「～の間に」.😚



As for criterion which we distinguish between them, please stop remembering the next strange rules.⚠


While we use the between for 2 things,we adopt among for another things which are more than 3,but it seems to be in the wrong,for we frequently use the between for the things which are more than 3.


Example


① Where is Belgium? I think it's between Holland,Germany,and France.

② Mr.Biggs divided his money equally between his 2 sons and 3 daughters.


By the way,how should we use the right prepositions in the right place?😚

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>> 309 『among』Ⅱ


Please look at some examples in which we use the among.


Example


③ There she is,among the crowd getting off the train!


④ Oh,look at the beautiful butterfly halfーhidden among the flowers over there.


⑤ Murmurs of discontent began to be heard among the audience.


What kind of image do you occur to when looking at those examples? Do you imagine each people who got off the train definitely?🚃


Have you been conscious of each flower one by one clearly? I'm sure neither you do nor you have.😃


Contrary to it,please look at the examples in which the betweens are used.We are conscious of each thing one by one definitely.🙋


As to difference between the two prepositions,the among and between,it's not number but whether or not we are conscious each thing one by one definitely.😁
　　　　　　　　
『Before』


We rarely use a preposition,before for a place. When expressing it,we usually adopt a phrase of『 in front of』


Example


① Don't stand in front of me. I can't see the TV.📺

• << 313 『before』 As for an order in a list,we adopt the before,but,to be exact,the order isn't a place.😊 Example ② In Japanesethe surname comes before the first name. ③ I put my family before my job. ③ means the next one.I think my family is more important than my job.👪 The author of this book,ネイティブスピーカーの前置詞,says.『 When using the before as a meaning of the place,the before makes us feel the sentence is too formal,or a literary style文語調』🔤 　　　　　　　　 However even if whether the literary style is or not, I won't be able to recognize it.If I were good at speaking English like that, I could distinguish the differenc between them.I wish I could be a fantastic English speaker some day.😂　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Example 　　　　　　　 ④ I hate speaking before a large audience. ⑤ The young delinquents were brought before the magistrate. ⑥ They were killed right before my eyes（before my very eyes） 『beyond』 Beyond means being on the other side of a thing,being from here,or being over some extent,or a border.🙋

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【NIKE】



Speaking of NIKE,it's famous for shoes in high quality.The company also deals with formal clothes.👟


To tell the truth,I have no idea about any goods of the NIKE,for my favorite goods are the ones ofwhat is call ユニクロ・島村・and ダイソー😂


The name of NIKE originates from a goddess of victory in the Greek myth,NIKE.We don't call the goddess ナイキ but ニケ.👟



A statue of NIKE was discovered at an island of サモトラケ in the Aegean Seaエーゲ海.The statue is in the Louvre at present.😃


The company of NIKE used to have another name.The company had sought for a new name then,but they hadn't got it.😱


One day,a goddess of NIKE appeared in a dream of one of the staff of the company.The people in the company thought the image of NIKE had everything into which they put destiny of their company.😤


The NIKE had Victory,the Goddess,an existence with which they can't exchange,and beauty,they thought.🙌


There is what is called a スイッシュライン under a logo of the company, NIKE.It originates from the statue,for it has wings.😃

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【The most beautiful three women in the world】


In general,speaking of the most beautiful women in the world,almost all of people mention the next three.Cleopatra,Yang Guifei 楊貴妃,小野小町👩


However some people in the world raise an objection against it,in particular,against 小野小町.👩



They insist that the women had to have a tremendous impact on history or countries.😃


As to Cleopatra,we've often heard like next.「If her nose were 3㎝ lower,history of the world would have changed so much」


As to Yan Guifei,we call her 傾城,for it is said she was so beautiful that China fell into an awful predicament 窮地


Contrary to it,neither the world nor Japan weren't influenced by 小野小町 so much,so she isn't appropriate for one of the most beautiful women in the world.😚


By the way,who were the happiest among them? I'm sure no one can recognize it,except for the three women,for each people has each happiness, I'm sure.😃
　　　　　　　　
If my nose is 3㎝ lower，my nostrils 鼻の穴 will be stuffed,so I won't be able to breathe any more.😳

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>> 310 『among』Ⅱ Please look at some examples in which we use the among. … 『before』


As for an order in a list,we adopt the before,but,to be exact,the order isn't a place.😊


Example


② In Japanesethe surname comes before the first name.


③ I put my family before my job.


③ means the next one.I think my family is more important than my job.👪


The author of this book,ネイティブスピーカーの前置詞,says.『 When using the before as a meaning of the place,the before makes us feel the sentence is too formal,or a literary style文語調』🔤
　　　　　　　　
However even if whether the literary style is or not, I won't be able to recognize it.If I were good at speaking English like that, I could distinguish the differenc between them.I wish I could be a fantastic English speaker some day.😂　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Example
　　　　　　　
④ I hate speaking before a large audience.

⑤ The young delinquents were brought before the magistrate.


⑥ They were killed right before my eyes（before my very eyes）


『beyond』


Beyond means being on the other side of a thing,being from here,or being over some extent,or a border.🙋

• << 315 『beyond』Ⅱ Example ① He lives beyond that hill. A meaning of the beyond is also various,but it's not so difficult.We sometimes use the beyond for a figurative expression.😃 Example ② How fax machines work is just beyond comprehension. ③ Just throw it away；it's beyond repair. ④ Many families are living beyond their income. ② means that the speaker can't understand how the equipment works. ③ means that the speaker can't fix it. ④ means that lots of families consume more than their incomes. Example ⑤ Don't ask me to do your physics homework,son；it's quite beyond me. ⑥ It shouldn't be beyond them to complete this job by tomorrow. As for ⑤ ⑥,me and them mean their abilities,so you can grasp the two sentences mean.👍 Moreover a meaning of being beyond connects with other one,more than something,or another one,a thing after something.😁 ⑦ Because of the lack of jobs in the UK,more and more young people are staying on at school beyond the age of 16. ⑧ Will you stay in Japan beyond 1996？

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【A mistake】


When expressing this thread,I frequently fail to handle my cell phone.If we push its power source,my remarks will disappear,so I will be disappointed with it.Actually I end up making lots of mistakes,concerning handling the buttons.😱


I want to express this thread of mine,but to my sorrow,I can't resist my sleepiness.I'm wondering if I should stop describing my remarks and go to bed.😥


If you can read this thread,it means that I succeed in expressing it.Even if I fail to do it fortunately,it doesn't always mean being useless.The more I try to think in English,the more my English abilities improve,maybe.😚

Luckily I've started to wake up from my drowsiness.My cellphone is secondhand,so it sometimes stops working when operating its buttons.😫


When trying to correct my English and carry on operation of its buttons,sometimes I can't.Therefore I'm forced to continue to pushing a button for deletition.As a result,I end up deleting all my sentences😫

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>> 313 『before』 As for an order in a list,we adopt the before,but,to be exa… 『beyond』Ⅱ


Example


① He lives beyond that hill.

A meaning of the beyond is also various,but it's not so difficult.We sometimes use the beyond for a figurative expression.😃


Example


② How fax machines work is just beyond comprehension.


③ Just throw it away；it's beyond repair.

④ Many families are living beyond their income.


② means that the speaker can't understand how the equipment works.


③ means that the speaker can't fix it.


④ means that lots of families consume more than their incomes.


Example


⑤ Don't ask me to do your physics homework,son；it's quite beyond me.

⑥ It shouldn't be beyond them to complete this job by tomorrow.


As for ⑤ ⑥,me and them mean their abilities,so you can grasp the two sentences mean.👍

Moreover a meaning of being beyond connects with other one,more than something,or another one,a thing after something.😁


⑦ Because of the lack of jobs in the UK,more and more young people are staying on at school beyond the age of 16.

⑧ Will you stay in Japan beyond 1996？

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>> 315 『beyond』Ⅲ

Strictly speaking,the phrase of beyond the age of 16 doesn't include 16,but we don't always draw a sharp line between the ages when using the preposition.😚


If we want to say it exactly,we have to say in other word,adopting another one,from the age of 16 and beyond.😃

『during』


While both during and for involve some phrases which expresse their periods,but each of them is different.🙋


Example


① I went on a diet for 3 weeks.


② I went on a diet during the summer.


While the during means the time when a thing happened,the for means its period.How long it continued😚

　　　　　　　
Needless to say,when using the during,the thing continues from the beginning to the end in the period,but there is other case. It happened no more than once,or several times.In short,it depends on the circumstances.😺


Example


③ We'll be on holiday in Europe during the whole of July.


④ The students always fall asleep during Mr. McVay's lecture.😪

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>> 316 『from』


From has a variety of meaning so much that I'd expressed it before,but its extent of meaning is comparatively simple.😃


The from's basic image is the starting point,and the image shows us some movements which a thing starts from,or it leaves.💨


Example


① Marco Polo set off from Venice for China in 1271.


② Mozart began composing symphonies from the age of 9


The from reaches not only to the simple starting point,but other figurative ones such as material,cause,ground, or a place where someone comes from.🙋


Example


③ The Beatles came from Liverpool.


④ Wine is made from grapes.

⑤ From what the critics are saying,Sting's new album isn't that good.

The from sometimes expresses separation, difference,or distinction,and needless to say the word is under the influence of the image of leaving from the starting point.💨

Example


⑥ I hate being away from my family.


⑦ You're totally different from how I imagined you.


⑥ is separation,and ⑦ is difference.

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『into』


As for the into,as you recognize from a combination of in and to,it's a preposition which expresses a movement of being into its inside.😃


Example


① Come into the living room.

② The kids somersaulted into the pool.


As the examples show us,the into frequently expresses not only an ordinary movement of being into its inside,but also other figurative ones.😁

Example


③ They never entered into conversation.


④ I've decided to go into business.


⑤ Helen? Mmm…I guess she must be into her thirties by now.
　　　　　　　　
I'm sure there should be the nuance of the word in Japanese language like the next one.


⑥ I didn't like yoga at first,but now I'm really into it.
⑥ means I'm absorbed in the yoga　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The into often expresses change,going into a situation from other one.😺

Example


⑦ I like it when Clark Kent changes into Superman.


⑧ Can someone translate this letter into English for me?

⑨ The entire audience was shocked into silence.

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>> 318 『into』Ⅱ


Example


⑩ The teacher caught me cheating and tore my paper into tiny pieces.


All the last three examples mean change.⑩ has a nuance that the whole paper changed into tiny piecds.😃


『around』


As to the around,as you analyze from another word,round,its basic image is surrounding whole circumference and so on.😃


Example


① I love sitting （a）round the table and chatting after dinner.


② The athletes run around the track.


I'm sure you've come across other preposition which is similar to the （a）round.It's about.Those prepositions resemcle not only their basic image but their meanings.


Example


③ Is your mum around/about?

④ I'll meet you（a）round/about 7.


⑤ We wandered（a）round/about the castle ground.


③ means being near.④ means approximate.As for the meaning of approximate,we often adopt both words in a sentence.


Example


⑥ There must have been（a）round about 80.000 at last night.

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『under』


The under means being below.We adopt the word as a pair of other one,over.🔤


Example


① We'll have to jump over this bush.


② We'll have to crawl under this bush.


③ I didn't start drinking until I was well over 20.


④ I started drinking when I was just under 20.


We can grasp various derived meanings of the under as long as we have the meaning of being below under perfect control.👍


Example


⑤ Many men don't like working under a female boss.


⑥ I studied under several eminent professors at Oxford.

The two examples mean being under control.

⑦ Well,I'll forgive you under the circumstance.


⑧ He's terrible when he's under the influence of alcohol.


The two examples mean being under influnece.

⑨ The new wing of our college is under construction.


⑩ There is a plan under discussion at the moment to open a new sports center.


The two examples mean being in the middle of something.😃

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>> 320 『within』


As to its meaning,within is close to other preposition,in,and the within has a feeling of making us be conscious of its border.😃


The within shows us some extents of places or time,and it sometimes indicates a feeling of inside of various things figuratively.


Example


① We live within walking distance of the bench.


② You should never leave pills within reach of children.

③ It's within your rights to demand a retrial.


④ The report had better be on my desk within the hour.

⑤ You could sense the fear rising within them.


① and ② mean places. ③ indicates an abstract extent. ④ means time. ⑤ displays a feeling.


As for those examples,you have tried to be keen sense of language,so they are no sweat,I'm sure.🙋

『without』


Without is denial of with,so both extents of meaning connect closely.

Example


① I'd love to go to the movies with you.

② I'm very busy now,so just go without me.


① means being together and ② indicates not being together.

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>> 321 『without』Ⅱ

Example


③ I designed this with my new computer.


④ I couldn't live without my computer.


⑤ He prefers girls with short hair.


⑥ She prefers men without beard.


⑦ The people ran out of the building with their arms flailing.


⑧ The man faced the attacker without blinking an eyelid.

③ and ④ indicate about tools. ⑤ and ⑥ mean that someone has something with each of them.🔤


⑦ and ⑧ indicate connection of time.To be exact,when they were doing something,they were also doing other behaviors at the same time.😃


We often adopt both the prepositions for the subjunctive mood.仮定法


Example　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　⑨ I don't know how we would have managed without your help.


Oh! I've just finished expressing the prepositions finally.Hurray! Hurray! 万歳！万歳🙌


I neglected to express this thread no less than three times this week,so I ended up indicating this time.😂


What kind of topic should I pick up mainly in the next time,I'm wondering.😚

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【トロイアのカッサンドラ】


Speaking of the most beautiful women,three females occur to us.Cleopatra,Yang Guifei 楊貴妃,and 小野小町,but instead of 小野小町，lots of people in the world insist Helen is appropriate for one of them.👩


Helen appears in the Greek myth like next. Zeus who wasn't only the greatest god,but also a playboy taken the form 化ける of a swan and approached a woman,Leda,as a result,a child was born.It was Helen.🙋


Leda was beautiful,but Helen was more attractive than her,moreover she came of a good parentage 血筋が良い


She was gorgeous as if she had been the shining .She was so beautiful that she overwhelmed the people around her.😲


As for her nature,she was a pasinate person withot restraint.She was always conscious of her own beauty and behaved herself fearlessly, gorgeously.No one bound her.👩



Contrary to it,as to beauty of カッサンドラ，it was by far more modest than Helen.If Helen were the sun,カッサンドラ would have been equal to the moon.🌙

• << 325 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅱ After wondering how beautiful Helen was,and we look away from her.😲 Then we recognize there is other woman who is lovely,neat and clean.She is as if she were a field poppy ヒナゲシThe author,阿刀田高,thinks カッサンドラ was like that,though I've never seen the field poppy.😂 Both Helen and カッサンドラ lived tragic lives.While Helen has an image as if a meteorite blazed up with its own will and it were burned up,カッサンドラ were never active at all.👩 カッサンドラ would never be a leading actor in the history,but she was a supporting one 脇役 who took charge of an important role.It was her life.👸 I'm going to express the history of famous war ofトロイア at first,for the role of カッサンドラ in the war is more impressive than Helen.😃 When looking at the Aegean Sea in a world map,there is Greece on the left side of the sea,and Turkey on the right.There used to be a town of トロイア in the Turkey.😃

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【in the bulletin board of ﾐｸﾙ】


The other day,to my surprise and joy,a girl in high school asked me some questions about English,but to tell the truth,I found it hard to answer them exactly.😳


I'm not good at pronouncing at all.My English resembles talking to myself,so I don't have to speak English in front of lots of people.😚


She wanted to know about the possessive case 所有格 especially,but I think it's trivial matter.I'm sure we have lots of other things in order to be a wonderful English speaker.😚


Even if I'm poor at pronouncing,and I don't have enough knowledge about the possessive case,I'll make myself understood in English if I have to communicate with an English native speaker.😤


Then I'll be forced to communicate in writing.Besides I'm good at body language.To my sorrow,they may have nothing to do with my English ability.😳


Studying English in high school seems to be boring so much.I'm sorry for her.At first,teachers have to make students recognize how enjoyable English is.😚

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>> 323 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】 Speaking of the most beautiful women,three females occ… 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅱ

After wondering how beautiful Helen was,and we look away from her.😲


Then we recognize there is other woman who is lovely,neat and clean.She is as if she were a field poppy ヒナゲシThe author,阿刀田高,thinks カッサンドラ was like that,though I've never seen the field poppy.😂


Both Helen and カッサンドラ lived tragic lives.While Helen has an image as if a meteorite blazed up with its own will and it were burned up,カッサンドラ were never active at all.👩



カッサンドラ would never be a leading actor in the history,but she was a supporting one 脇役 who took charge of an important role.It was her life.👸


I'm going to express the history of famous war ofトロイア at first,for the role of カッサンドラ in the war is more impressive than Helen.😃


When looking at the Aegean Sea in a world map,there is Greece on the left side of the sea,and Turkey on the right.There used to be a town of トロイア in the Turkey.😃

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>> 325 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅲ

The トロイア was on a small hill which was 200 meters above sea level.The small hill commanded a panoramic view of the northern area in the Aegean Sea.🌴


It was a distance of 5km from there to the sea.As to the distance,while there was little danger which they received direct attack from marine,it wasn't inconvenient to go to the sea.😃


The geographic favorable condition made the town prosper so much from the old days,especially when ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ was a king,トロイア flourished so much that its influence increased.💰



トロイア used to be the great menace for even the city state 都市国家 in the Greek mainland.😨


カッサンドラ was one of daughters of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ.It was said she wasn't only beautiful but also wise.👸


When expressing her,conventional phrase that she was the most beautiful of all the daughters of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ, therefore she must have been a considerable beauty,but unfortunately there was Helen who was matchless beauty in the same period.😱

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>> 326 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅳ

A prophet appeared and told the king solemnly like next just before one of prince,Paris was born.☝


『This child will destroy the country which its father rules some day』👿


The king was trembled with fear so much that he ordered one of his slaves to throw away the child who was born just after the prediction.👿

The slave obeyed the order and went to the mountain to throw away the baby,but a female bear brought up him and gave him the bear's milk.🐻


Five days passed,and the slave went to the mountain,then he found that the baby was sleeping calmly in the cave👶


The slave thought how innocent and lovely the it was! He carried the angel in his arms and come back to his home.He named the baby Paris and raised him as his son.👶


Time had passed,and Paris grew up an excellent youth.He was beautiful as if he had shone.His physical strength 体力 was extraordinary.He was a manly youth as though a Greek hero's conditions had been embodied completely.👨

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>> 327 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅴ


When Paris was taking a walk in the mountain,taking care of domestic animals,three goddesses appeared in front of him.👸



The one was a wife of Zeus,Hera. The other was a goddess of wisdom,Athene. And one more was the goddess of beauty,Aphrodite.They wanted Paris to judge which was the most beautiful in the three goddess.👸


It was so difficult that Paris was perplexed and leaned his head to one side.Then each of the goddess began to dangle splendid terms of temptation.😍


Hera said『If you choose me,I'll make you a ruler in the country which is the most wonderful in the world』Hera's husband was Zeus who was almighty,so she was at a position of authority.👸


Athene said『If you select me,I'll make you the one which is the wisest in the world』👸


Then Aphrodite said『If you choose me,I'll make the most beautiful woman in the world your wife』👸



Paris was worried about the choice.『Which one should I select?』He found it difficult to choose,and finally he selected……😍

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>> 328 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅵ

Aphrodite seemed to have been the most beautiful in the three,for she was a goddess of both love and beauty.👸


Therefore if she was less beautiful than the other two,it wasn't persuasive at all.☝


Paris was fascinated with the enraptured beauty of Aphrodite so much that he announced that Aphrodite was the most beautiful.😍


While Aphrodite smiled,his choice disgusted the other two.They left with terrible looks,abusing him like next.😠


『We won't forget this humiliation forever.We'll destroy his homeland,トロイア,some day』😣



By the way,the story doesn't reach カッサンドラ with ease,but please wait a minute.😚



Paris was waiting for the most beautiful woman in expectation,but Aphrodite's promise didn't come true easily.At last he got married to a woman,and he was leading a life optimistically,but she had only average looks.😃


『I'm wondering if she is the most beautiful in the world.』He thought.He must have been skeptical about his wife.😚

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>> 329 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅴ


Then when the king of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ tried to hold an athletic meeting.a bull which Paris kept was levied 徴収 forcibly as a prize of the meeting.🐮


Paris treated the bull with affection so much that he was disappointed,but he thought like next.😚

『It's just that I only have to get it back』He came down the mountain so as to participate in the athletic meeting.😤



He was confident of physical strength.A tournament of the athletic meeting was going smoothly,and Paris and a prince,ヘクトル,won the tournament and moved on to the final.🙋


By the way,the king of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ had a hundred of children,so he also had lots of wives.The wife who held real power was the second one,ヘカベ.Her first child was ヘクトル,and the second one was Paris,moreover the one who was by far younger was カッサンドラ.😃


Therefore,the match between ヘクトル and Paris was a confrotation between real brothers.😱

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>> 330 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅷ


As for a number of the last response of mine,I made a mistake.It is Ⅶ,so this response is Ⅷ.It is shameful of me to make a mistake like that😳


Paris and ヘクトル played a supercharged 白熱した game.When the one attacked,the other defensive,and then the other made a counterattack,so the one defended it.A furious battle continued for a while,but Paris who was younger won at last.🎉


The prince lost his face completely 面子丸つぶれ because the youth of shepherd defeated him.The other prince tried to drew a sword and to kill Paris,but their sister,カッサンドラ stopped him and said.👸


『Hey brother, just a moment.He isn't just a shepherd but our brother.』She pointed her finger at Paris in a straight.👸



Both the king of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ and his wife,ヘカベ were surprised so much that they researched what カッサンドラ said.They recognized カッサンドラ was right.😲


Both the parents and the siblings were delighted to see again,forgetting the prophet that the child would destroy their country.🍻

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>> 331 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅸ

Paris had come back as a youth who looked strong and noble,so the others seemed to forget the past ominous prediction.By the way,I'm wondering how カッサンドラ recognized he was her brother.There are no expressions about it.😥


Paris who was welcomed as a prince in the トロイア received a mission.Its story went back more than a few decades ago.☝


ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ had a sister,ヘシオネ who he loved and respected.The Greek soldiers plundered 略奪 her long years ago,and it was said she lived lonely life as a queen of サラミス👸


The king of ﾌﾟﾘｱﾓｽ couldn't forget this humiliation,and considering his sister who had been away from her hometown,he was forced to take pity on her.😢



Then トロイア was a strong country,so he thought he should rescue her.He ordered Paris to get back her even if Paris used violence.😤


Paris went on a voyage for west in the Aegean Sea,leading a powerful fleet,putting all the トロイア's energy into the mission.Its destination was Sparta.🚢

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>> 332 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】Ⅹ

Paris' plan was the next one.He was going to negotiate with the king of Sparta about handing over his aunt,ヘシオネ.If the negotiation had a rough road ahead,the fleet of トロイア would carried the attack サラミス and rescue her.😤


The fleets were at anchor in an island ofキュラテ in the southern sea of the Sparta,and started to demonstrate against the enemy.🚢


The fleets of the Sparta were actually so elegant that the ones who saw them doubted what they had watched.Besides,the fleets were formidable so much.😨



The king of the Sparta,メネラオス,happen to be away from there.An empress who took care of the Sparta was a woman of matchless beauty,Helen.👸


She used to behaved as she pleased by nature,so she felt tedious to death then.👸


『How splendid the fleets of the トロイア are』『I've heard its prince is very handsome』When hearing the maids who waited on her talking,she felt like looking at the prince in the other country,and…👸

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>> 333 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅠ


When hearing a rumor in which Paris would go and worship at a shrine in the キュラテ,Helen thought like next.


『I've never also been and worship there for a long time.I have to make offerings to the gods』☝


She also went to the shrine on the date and time when Paris went there,making use of the excuse.👸


When finishing dedicating at the shrine and looking back,Paris recognized that Helen and her companies were standing at the back of him.👨



Paris was forced to be silent for a while.He often heard how beautiful the empress of the Sparta was,but she was by far more fascinating as he expected.😲

Contrary to it,when having just one look at him,Helen felt as if she had been robbed of her soul.Oh,I'm sure,in fact Paris must have deprived a heart of Helen.☝


They had watched each other for a while.It was so long that the others around the prince and the Helen may have felt awkward then.😥


Paris thought like next then『She must be the one who Aphrodite made a promise to me』😍

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>> 334 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅡ

Then Helen read Paris' mind in which she was destined to be tied up with him.😃



They came to love each other.Their feelings enveloped them as if fire had spread over a plain.🔥


While Paris had forgotten his mission,Helen lost sight of her position as a queen then.😱


However Helen walked away from Paris desperately,and came back to her palace.She wished her husband come back as soon as possible.😔


She wished desperately like next.『Please come back earlier,メネラオス,otherwise I'll fall in love with him』😱


Her hope turned out to be in vain,for it was the prince of the トロイア,Paris who showed up in the palace.😣


He visited there under the pretext 名目 of paying a courtesy,but his ambition made his reason blindless.😤


He ordered.『Attack the Sparta and deprive the people of everything. Everything!』👿

He talked his soldiers into doing it,and he embraced Helen tightly to his breast,and left the Sparta as if they had been a gust of wind, believing a divine protection with Aphrodite.💑

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>> 335 『トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅢ

Then Helen gave herself to Paris at last,though she was at a loss.👸



Their behaviors made the king of Sparta enraged naturally.He exercised his influence 羽振りを利かす over Sparta.Moreover,his elder brother,Agamemnon was a leader in each country of Greece.☝



メネラオス said to Agamemnon『What should I do?』😥


Agamemnon answered.『As for the disgrace which the whole family received,we must wipe away at any cost.This is a matter of Greek honor as a man』😣


Agamemnon was in rage,for there used to be the next reason.😃


When Helen became marriageable age,all of the kings all over the Greece announced that they wanted to make her their wife.👨


Then Helen's foster parents were worrid about it.『If Helen choose her husband without any conditions,it's the cause of the trouble.』They thought like that.😥


The foster parent made each prospective bridegroom promise next three conditions.☝

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>> 336 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅣ


The forter parents said.☝


Condition 1


Without hesitating,announce if you want to be her bridegroom.


Condition 2


Once Helen chooses someone as her husband,the others must obey this decision gracefully even if it's against their wishes,and they must not complain about the decision at all.


Condition 3


If someone is dissatisfied with the decision,and he tries to win Helen in the future,the others must confront the violence in unison.



メネラオス made Helen her wife under the vow,so all the other kings who used to announce as prospective bridegrooms had to take action so as to attack Paris😤


In this way,an expendition force to トロイア was organized.Agamemnon was its supreme commander.😃


Greek fleets which were grander than トロイア's ones made their ways eastward across the Aegean Sea.Lots of well-known generals such as Odysseus, Achilles,and ネストル joined the expendition force.🚢

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>> 337 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅤ


By the way,where was Paris who took Helen away then?Without coming back to トロイア,he was leading a happy life with Helen at each harbor in the Aegean Sea,enjoying their honeymoon.💏


He used to be a shepherd when being young,so he must have been pastoral 牧歌的 one.He didn't seem to think a thing seriously.😚



Greek fleets gathered off the coast 沖合 of トロイア,and they sent the king of プリアモス their messenger.😃



『What? Paris has run away with Helen？』プリアモス thought it didn't make sense at all,for the people in トロイア thought the fleets of Paris sank in the typhoon.🌀


The messenger abused evil deeds of Paris,and demanded to return Helen to them,but プリアモス referred a violence that Greece had taken away his sister,so he suggested that they should return her.😤


However the messenger refused it,so at last …

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>> 338 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅥ


The prestige of the two countries affected so much that their negotiations had a rough road ahead,and they broke down at last.The war of トロイア had started after many twists and turns 紆余曲折😱


カッサンドラ who was one of daughters of プリアモス predicted at once the war would come to a tragic end.She said.👸


『Father.I can see a scene vividly.The cities in トロイア turns into a blazing inferno 火の海 in it.Lots of dead people,reverberating sounds どよめき of enemy troops.Oh!Even the sea becomes red with the blood』💀



She cried and looked extremely sad,trembling her shoulders,but all the brave men,from プリアモス on down,didn't listen to her.Why? There was every reason to do so.☝


When looking up カッサンドラ in a Western biographical dictionary 人名辞典,there is an expression of a female prophet in トロイア.👸



She appears everywhere in the Greek myth as a woman who predicted precisely.👸


By the way,カッサンドラ has turned up in this thread at last.The story has reached the final stage.🙋

• << 342 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅦ It was Apollo who gave カッサンドラ an ability of prediction.He was so lechery　好色 that he tried to win when coming across even a little lovely woman.😍 カッサンドラ was less beautiful than Helen,but it didn't always mean she wasn't attractive,so Apollo was charmed by her beauty and made advance 言い寄る to her immediately.👸 Then カッサンドラ was a young girl who knew nothing of the world. Apollo said to her.『I'll give you a hug.』😍 She was frighten instinctively and felt strain,but considering that Apollo was one of gods,she thought she couldn't refuse plainly.😭 Apollo said.『You don't have to be afraid of me.You only have to lie down quietly with your eyes closed.』☝ However she continued to be at a loss,so Apollo said.『All right.If I can you a hug,I'll give you a talent of prediction as a reward.You can predict precisely what will happen to you,or destiny of the beautiful トロイア.』 Then カッサンドラ …😣

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【A religious house which is the closest to the Heaven on a steep hill.】



『What's that?』A writer cried unconsciously.Then he and a guide were moving by car.They were going for the north at a plain of テッサリア in the Greek peninsula.🚗



Then the writer felt as if strange post made of stone suddenly had appeared in front of him.😱


He had traveled all over the world,so he had seen wonderful sights so often,but he had never seen the posts made of stone.😲



There were stripe patterns on the post made of stone as thought they had been designed.Each stripe of vertical or horizontal made the strangely shaped rock more mysterious.☝


However when looking up from the foot of the place gradually again,he cried once more,『Oh！』,for there was a building of which roof was red on the top of the post rising in the sky.🏠


The building was there as if it had been a hat there.Who constructed it? How and when? He thought.The guide sitting next to him told the writer.『That is……😁』

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>> 340 【A religious house which is the closest to the Heaven on a steep hill】Ⅱ


『That is a famous religious house of メテオラ.メテオラス means hanging from the heaven.The religious houses were started to build from the 14th century,and no less than 24 religious houses were constructed about 15 or 16 century.The first one who settled there…』

メテオラ is one of world heritages.The writer interrupted.😚


『Hey! Wait a minute.How did they climb up the such the steep hill? How did they carry roof tiles 瓦 and building stone 石材?』☝


The guide answered.『At first,they tied a rope which had a hook to a kite.Then they flied the kite and fixed the hook on the rock.They climbed up the cliff with the rope.』


The guide continued.『I've heard they tied a basket with the rope and pulled up materials little by little.Foods and daily necessities are pulled up like that even recently.』☝


The writer whispered.『Unbelievable!』The guide said,feeling pity,『You are impious. You must worship the God more enthusiastically.』⛪

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>> 339 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅥ The prestige of the two countries affected so much t… 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅦ


It was Apollo who gave カッサンドラ an ability of prediction.He was so lechery　好色 that he tried to win when coming across even a little lovely woman.😍



カッサンドラ was less beautiful than Helen,but it didn't always mean she wasn't attractive,so Apollo was charmed by her beauty and made advance 言い寄る to her immediately.👸



Then カッサンドラ was a young girl who knew nothing of the world. Apollo said to her.『I'll give you a hug.』😍


She was frighten instinctively and felt strain,but considering that Apollo was one of gods,she thought she couldn't refuse plainly.😭


Apollo said.『You don't have to be afraid of me.You only have to lie down quietly with your eyes closed.』☝



However she continued to be at a loss,so Apollo said.『All right.If I can you a hug,I'll give you a talent of prediction as a reward.You can predict precisely what will happen to you,or destiny of the beautiful トロイア.』



Then カッサンドラ …😣

• << 344 『トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅧ カッサンドラ thought she couldn't disobey a will of the god,so she nodded her head.Then Apollo said.『You are obedient and a good girl.I'll give you an ability of prediction as a token of my sincerity』😍 When Apollo chanted an incantation 呪文,the sky sparkled and a streak of light was shining in through カッサンドラ's head.Apollo said.『You've been already a prophet of female.Take off your costume and come here』☺ 『Please,just a moment』When undressing herself,she stopped doing it,and an idea suddenly occurred to her.『I'm wondering if I have a good command of the talent of prediction.If I give myself to Apollo,will I be happy?』😥 At the very moment,a figure of her own flashed across her mind as if it had been a clear painting.Apollo deserted カッサンドラ,so her saddness left her utterly crushed in the scene.😭 Then she thought.『Oh no! Even if I devote myself to him,I won't become happy in the least』, so she…😢

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【Art objects which have grown up in the sunlight.It means that there is a row of mysterious trees】


I'm going to express English,being based on a book of 新撰 世界七不思議 editted by 森本哲郎,published by 文春文庫.Here we go.😃


『What is a name of this tree？』


『It's a tree』


『I want to know its name!』

『I've said it's name is the tree』😚


When a writer asked some children who was absorbed in playing soccer about the tree,they said impatiently,and they went away.⚽


The writer was in a small town,チパサ which overlooked the Mediterranean Sea.The town is 70km westward from a capital,Algiers of Algeria.😃


A French author,Camus used to express the long way which is from Algiers to the porttown like next.


『Almost all of the parts of the way are covered with recollection and sense』The road along the sea is very beautiful.☺


As for on the right of the way,there is the Mediterranean sea as if the color of turquoise were melted in the sea and there are pine forests here and there.A house which has white walls.

• << 348 【Art object which has grown up in the sunlight.It means that there is a row of mysterious trees】 As to on the left side of the road along the Mediterranean Sea,gentle green hills wind toward their summits,and it seems that the sky has unlimited sunlight and power.☀ The writer dreamed in a car on the way to チパサ in Algeria as if he had changed into Camus.The great literary man used to lead his youth there and his literature of irrationality was also born there.📖 In fact,as for each town which dots along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea,we are forced to lose ourselves in each past of them,even if チパサ is a fishing village of which population are no more than a few hundred.☝ There used to be plenty of Phoenicians in the チパサ,but varied nations and races lived there as residents in the centuries.Roman constructed their castle walls.The Roman empire lost its old vigor,and the time passed,バンダル people who belonged to the Germanic ones.💡 Time passed again,the Byzantine empire was established.Then time passed…

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>> 342 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅦ It was Apollo who gave カッサンドラ an ability of predicti… 『トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅧ

カッサンドラ thought she couldn't disobey a will of the god,so she nodded her head.Then Apollo said.『You are obedient and a good girl.I'll give you an ability of prediction as a token of my sincerity』😍


When Apollo chanted an incantation 呪文,the sky sparkled and a streak of light was shining in through カッサンドラ's head.Apollo said.『You've been already a prophet of female.Take off your costume and come here』☺


『Please,just a moment』When undressing herself,she stopped doing it,and an idea suddenly occurred to her.『I'm wondering if I have a good command of the talent of prediction.If I give myself to Apollo,will I be happy?』😥



At the very moment,a figure of her own flashed across her mind as if it had been a clear painting.Apollo deserted カッサンドラ,so her saddness left her utterly crushed in the scene.😭


Then she thought.『Oh no! Even if I devote myself to him,I won't become happy in the least』, so she…😢

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>> 344 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅨ


All of sudden,カッサンドラ changed her idea.Apollo imagined a virgin gave him her virtue 貞操 so much that he was in high spirits,so he didn't become aware that she ran away with lightning speed.😍


After waiting for her for a while,he addressed her.『What are you doing?』However then she had already disappeared.🏃💨💨


Apollo repented having given her the ability of prediction.He thought『I shouldn't have done it』😣


However even thought he stamped his feet in frustration,once he gave her the talent,he couldn't get it back.It was a rule of the Olympos where the gods lived.☝


A good idea occurred to Apollo then.『I'll make all the people lose faith in her prediction.』The god's hope was successful instantly.😫


While カッサンドラ predicted all the things exactly,no one tried to believe in her.Speaking of the war of the トロイア,an episode of the Trojan horse is well-known.When the Trojan people tried to drag the wooden horse into their castle,カッサンドラ tried prevent them from pulling it into there,but…😨

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>> 345 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅩ


カッサンドラ was a prophet,so then a scene that lots of the Greek soldiers came out from the wooden horse one after another under cover of darkness.😨



Lots of other scenes occurred to her in succession.A scene in which the Greek soldiers set the castle on fire,and fortresses would be collapsed one after another.😨


Other one in which her brothers would shed blood. Another one in which sorrowful cries of women and children echoed in her eahr ears.💀


Therefore she warned the people against lots impending dangers as if she had been insane,running about in the castle.🏰


『You must not carry the wooden horse into the castle,for the Greek soldiers are hiding in it.』However the Trojan soldiers were so pleased with a short-lived つかの間の victory that they were drunk in celebration of their victory.🍻


Nobody tried to believe in her prediction which hit the nail on the head 言い当てる over and over again at all.Though they recognized how accurate her predictions were,nobody listened to her in the least.😒

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>> 346 【トロイアのカッサンドラ】ⅩⅩⅠ


カッサンドラ was so tired out that she leaned against the wall of the castle.Then another strange scene occurred to her and vanished.👸



Her own figure who would be raped with a Greek soldier in a blazing inferno.Other figure of her own who would became a prisoner and be tied with a rope on a ship.😨


Another one of her own whose brain a sharp blade would attack against in an unfamiliar darkness in the distant country,Greece.In the end,it would be her fate.😭


By the way,if we can recognize our own fates,and we can't avoid them,what will we try to do.Do we try to change it,or do we try to be obedient it?😚



One of classmates in high school used to say.『Belief makes the god move, and a great effort changes even a destiny』,but I'm sure easier said than done.😩


I'm wondering if we'll be a plaything of fortune, and in short we may be in total confusion.😒


As to the Trojan war,there are some other episode,so I'm going to express one by one.😃

• << 351 【An episode about the Trojan war】 A goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite promised paris that he could win the most beautiful woman in the world.👸 Contrary to it,other two goddess,Hera,whose husband was Zeus,and another one who controled wisdom and art,Athene got mad about it.😠 It's said it was a remote cause of the Trojan war in the Greek myth,but why did they quarrel? I'm going to express the episode about it.😃 Then Zeus was worried about the population problem, for the human beings had increased so much before he recognized that it may have caused a food shortage.Then a good idea flashed across his mind.💡 He thought.『I'll make them cause a war.』He smiled.💀 Then there used to be a wedding ceremony.Zeus prevented a invitation card for a goddess of war,エリス from sending to her.As a result,she was displeased with it😣 She thought『They gave me the cold shoulderのけ者にした』She was the goddess of war,so she was good at planting the cause of strife.Then she ……😥

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>> 343 【Art objects which have grown up in the sunlight.It means that there i… 【Art object which has grown up in the sunlight.It means that there is a row of mysterious trees】

As to on the left side of the road along the Mediterranean Sea,gentle green hills wind toward their summits,and it seems that the sky has unlimited sunlight and power.☀


The writer dreamed in a car on the way to チパサ in Algeria as if he had changed into Camus.The great literary man used to lead his youth there and his literature of irrationality was also born there.📖


In fact,as for each town which dots along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea,we are forced to lose ourselves in each past of them,even if チパサ is a fishing village of which population are no more than a few hundred.☝


There used to be plenty of Phoenicians in the チパサ,but varied nations and races lived there as residents in the centuries.Roman constructed their castle walls.The Roman empire lost its old vigor,and the time passed,バンダル people who belonged to the Germanic ones.💡


Time passed again,the Byzantine empire was established.Then time passed…

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>> 348 【Art object which has grown up in the sunlight.It means that there is a row of mysterious trees】Ⅲ


The Arabic people came there at last.🎊


チパサ is as silent as the grave,but the remains of ancient Rome face to the Mediterranean Sea,moreover there is a great burial mound made of stone near on the hill.It is said that the tomb belongs to a daughter of Cleopatra.👸


There is a road lined with trees as if the trees were monsters at a street of the entrance of the remains of ancient Roman.🌵


When looking at them,the author thought they're art object of sculptures in the open air,but they are plants.😲


The trees aren't beautiful at all,but the people who take a glance them won't forget the scene,I'm sure.They are so big that houses on the opposite side look small,though they are one-story houses.They are plane trees プラタナス.[ｸﾛｰﾊﾞｰ]


I have little knowledge about vegetation, but when hearing some names of English ones,something graceful occurred to me,but the plane trees have changed the image of English plant of mine.😲

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【English and myself】


Before taking a rest in my day off,I used to think I was going to express several English threads,but I couldn't as I expected.😳


When being tired out,we have to take a good rest in our day off,but I'm not so tired out that I do't have to have a rest enough.😚


After waking up with my eyes wide open,when continue to lie down,I'm apt to feel bored.When spending our day off,we usually try to reflesh ourselves. What should I do?😱


I'm sure I have to spend all my spare time expressing my English responses.Being based on a book,I frequently try to express English.When expressing no more than 1page in English,it takes about an hour.


There are a few books which I want to express in English,and their amounts are no less than about a thousand page.I'm sure I have to make a great effort.I hope this response of mine won't be a big talk.I have to accomplish them at any cost,maybe,perhaps,or possibily.😚

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