Let's enjoy Englis Ⅵ

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［Ho Chi Minh］

Ho Chi Minh left his will that he wanted to be cremated and to send his ashes to north, center, and south in Vietnam and to be buried there, but his corpse was well preserved and was put in his gigantic mausoleum 廟.

［A struggle of independence from the colony of France］

Viet Minh was formed under a direction of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam where Japan occupied May in 1945.

After the Pacific War was over, Japan withdrew from Vietnam, and Vietnam declared as a nation September in 1945.

Ho Chi Minh who evaluated the...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［A struggle for independence from the colony of France］

Ho Chi Minh who evaluated the declaration of indepence of America well made a declaration which included a content of declaration of independence.

Moreover he expected America which was opposed to colonialism in the World War Ⅱ, and wrote to America to ask to support Vietnam for its independence, but America ignored it.

While America didn't show any reaction, France tried to rule France where Japan withdrew.

Viet Minh which sougt for independence clashed with France...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［A struggle of independence from the colony of France］

Viet minh which sought for independence clashed with France December in 1946. It's the Indochina War, for we call the place where there is Vietnam Indochina. Vietnam lies between India and China, so it's called like that.

［Soviet and America supported each other in the Cold War］

The Indochina war continued for seven and a half year until a cease fire was concluded June in in 1954.

Communist party in Indochina directed the Viet minh and Soviet and China supported the...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［America and Soviet supported each other in the Cold War］

A communist party in Indochina directed the Viet minh and Soviet and China supported the Viet minh.

On the other hand America helped France which didn't admit the independence of Vietnam,

Then the Cold War started in Europe, so a proxy war of the Cold War was done in Vietnam. It was the same as the shape in the Vietnam War later.

Chinese continent was ruled by the communist party, and Chinese intervened in the Korean War. Then the President Eisenhower looked at it...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［America and Soviet supported each other in the Cold War］

Then the President Eisenhower looked at it and feared that Asia learned to belong to communist party one after another. He used a word of domino toppling in 1954,and said like the next.

If the Indochina peninsula belonged to the communist party, each country in the southern east Asia did completely as if dominoes had toppled. Its loss gave damage to the liberal society would be unfathomable.

『Column,Vien minh and Viet Cong』

Two names of Viet minh and Viet appeared...

• 共感2

『Column, Viet minh and Viet Cong』

Two words of Viet minh and Viet Cong appeared in the Vietnamese War.

The organization of independence in Vietnam which struggled against France in the Indochina War was Viet minh in the Vietnamese. It was a shortened word, and the Vietnamese called themselves the Viet minh.

On the other hand, America which intervened in Vietnam used the word of Viet Cong, and the word was a disparaging word 蔑称. It's the disparaging word that the military force in America called the military force in Japan a Jap in the Pacific War.

Needless to say, the organization of...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

『Column, Viet minh and Viet Cong』

Needless to say, the organization of independence in Vietnam didn't use the Viet Cong for themselves.

Both sides used the Viet minh but America alone used Viet Cong.

［War at Dien Bien Phu］

The Viet minh's insistence of wanting to be independent from France was supported by the Vietnamese in various areas.

In the beginning, the military power of the Viet minh was so poor that it couldn't match the military force in France at all, so the way of fighting was mainly guerrilla.

However China...

• 共感2

『America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War』

［War at Dien Bien Phu］

However China sent lots of weapons to the Vien-minh and the Vien-minh increased its military power gradually. The weapon which China gave to the Vien-minh was the one seized from the national party in the civil war. The weapon was made in America.

Vietnam was grouped into a southern area where the military force in France controlled and a northern one where the Viet minh controlled little by little.

Vietnam increased its military power gradually and the military force in France was stood at bay, so it...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［War at Dien Bien Phu］

...so the military force in France planed a strategy which would regain its power all at once. It constructed a tremendous base in Dien Bien Phu in west in Hanoi which was near a border of Laos.

The Viet minh received the helping supplies from China via Laos,so France tried to cut off the enemy's supply route,and to drive back the military force in Viet minh by using a large scale of military unit.

The gigantic base had a runway, and sixteen thousand of soldiers were sent from France then.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

［War at Dien Bien Phu］

On the other hand, the Vien minh counterattacked.

Military units of no less than forty thousand of military units surrounded the runway, digging tunnels little by little,and fired the runway repeatedly, so the runway became useless, and airplanes for supply couldn't arrive there.

After a defensive and offensive battle which continued for about two months, the military force in France surrendered to the enemy. No less than about ten thousand of soldiers became prisoners.

It's the war at Dien Bien Phu...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［War at Dien Bien Phu］

It's the war at Dien Bien Phu which has been handed down in history. Thus the control by France over Vietnam was over.

［Dividing into two countries of both south and north］

The Indochina war was a cease-fire at a peace conference in Geneva of Swiss September in 1954. It's the Geneva accords.

One nation of Vietnam was divided into south and north with border of the north latitude 17 degree by the accords.

A demilitarized zone of which width was 10 km was built between the border south and the north.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［Dividing into two countries both south and north］

Vietnam was divided into south and north with the north latitude 17 degrees like that Korea was divided into two with the north latitude 38 degrees.

A new country which declared its independence was built in the north, and it proceeded for the socialism under Ho Chi Minh.

Other country was established in the south side October in 1955, and a new government which America supported was formed.

The demilitarized area wasn't the border between the two countries,according to the..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［Dividing into two countries both of south and north］

The demilitarized area wasn't a border between the two countries originally, according to the Geneva accords.

An election for unification was to put into effect in the whole Vietnam of both the south and north after two years of the Geneva accords,and an united nation was to build, but both America and south Vietnam refused it.

Even if the unified election was done, America thought a free election wasn't done in the north where the communist party controlled, and if being..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［Divided into two nation both south and north］

...and if the unified election was put into effect, the communist party would win overwhelmingly, America feared it. In this way, divided Vietnam into south and north was fixed.

[A logic in America]

After the Geneva accords was concluded, France withdrew from Vietnam at once,exactly it seemed France ran away from Vietnam, for it didn't have enough power and will to maintain the little country far away in Asia.

Instead, America helped the south Vietnam. In the middle of ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

［A logic in America］

In the middle of an intensification of the Cold War, America hoped that a nation of pro-America was formed in Asia, and American influence over Asia maintained. It was one of struggle for power between America and Soviet.

So America didn't spare any support of military and economy to the South Vietnam.

Then the Secretary of the Defense in America told like the next, expressing a sense of impending crisis of being surrounded by communism.

It seemed the communism continued to proceed then. Mao Zedong 毛沢東..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

[Logic in America]

Mao Zedong and his subordinates have controlled China since 1949, and fought against the west side in cooperation with north Korea.

Khrushchev expected the communism would win by a victory of a war for relieved races in the third world, and said the west side that he would defeat the capitalism.

Soviet launched an artificial satellite, and showed its predominance over the space, so a reliability for the threat from Khrushchev increased. Next year he put pressure on western area in Berlin.

Castro changed...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Logic in America]

Castro changed Cuba into the forefront for the communism in the west sphere before long.

We felt being surrounded and exposed by the threat. There was a terror like this undercurrent of being intervening by America in Vietnam.

[A corrupt political government in the south Vietnam]

A government in the south Vietnam which America supported was far from democratic. Ngo Dinh Diem who became the president arrested the ones who were against him relentlessly as dictator.

In addition, his clans possessed a ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political government in the south Vietnam]

Moreover clans of the president alone possessed a huge assistance from America. The corrupt political government robbed the people of their assistance, so the American assistance didn't reach them.

In consequence a gap between the poor and rich expanded, and dissatisfaction among the people heightened.

There was none of electricity nor water supply in farming villages which accounted for a large part of Vietnam. While a death rate on newly born infants was over...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt government in the south Vietnam]

While a death rate on newly born infants was over 30%, wives of a part of high officials went to Hong Kong with military planes so as to have their cosmetic surgery. Thus an extreme society was born.

Helping the south Vietnam in order to protect a liberal world,it was American logic, but helping the political power which oppressed the people means suppressing the people in the country, America assistance repelled the whole people in Vietnam.

The ones who were opposed to the..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political power in the south Vietnam]

The ones who were opposed to the corrupt political power wasn't residents and students alone.

Vietnam is a country of Buddhism, so plenty of the people were Buddhists and temples of Buddhism had great influential power, but the president who was a Catholic oppressed the temples of Buddhism severely.

Suppressing the temples of Buddhism means antagonizing the most part of the people.

Buddhists are forbidden to kill, so they couldn't resist with weapons, as a result some of ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political power in the south Vietnamese]

...as a result some of them went on a hunger strike, and other even burnt himself to death.Those priests showed their resistance to the government in the south Vietnam.

An image that the priest burned himself to death was broadcast in the world, and the people were surprised at the image in the world.

When being asked for a comment, a wife of the president's brother said, it's just a barbecue of a priest, so she repelled the people more and more.

Why did America support the..

• 共感2

【American was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political power in the south Vietnam]

Why did America support the one like Ngo Dint Diem as president? Then the Secretary of Defense said like the next.

He learned in a theological seminary of Catholic in New Jersey in the beginning of the 1950th, and I believed in it's proof that we and he shared a value in the Western World.

However as we knew the situation gradually, I was sure I made a mistake on him. American recognition on the president was like that.

We couldn't manage Vietnam with him, America thought,...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political power in the south Vietnam]

...he thought America couldn't manage Vietnam with the president, so America talked an executive in army into a coup.

Once the coup was succeeded by the executive in army,other executives trying to come to in power appeared one after another, and the political power was changed with dizzying speed.

Even if coming to in power,if the coup was caused and the political power was changed, so the one who became the president couldn't commit the best of the military unit to the site .

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[A corrupt political power in the south Vietnam]

...so the one who became a president after coups couldn't commit the best of the military unit to the site of the hard fought battle.

The best part of the military unit continued to be stationed in the capital so as to protect the president.

[Liberation Front was formed]

Though democratic movements which was opposed to the corrupt political power were suppressed one after another, then Liberation Front was formed.

The Liberation Front has sought for withdrawal of foreign...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Liberation Front was formed]

The Liberation Front has sought for a withdrawal of foreign military force from Vietnam, it means the U.S.army, and establishment of independent, peaceful, and neutral government in the South Vietnam.

Then influence over the Liberation Front from the North Vietnam wasn't so large,so the Liberation Front was a mixture made up with students, labors, intellectuals, democrats,and communists who lived in the South Vietnam.

However as the Vietnam War intensified, it changed into other one which ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Liberation Front was formed]

As the Vietnamese War intensified, the Liberation Front changed into other one which received orders from the South Vietnam.

『Column, Hitler was the one who a prime minister respected』

Coups caused one after another in Vietnam. A prime minister appointed by a new President was asked by a journalist. Who is your favorite statesman?

The prime minister answered, he loved Hitler very much, and said Vietnam needed four of five Hitlers.

『Column, a word of front』

There are phrases of Liberation ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

『Column, a word of front』

There are phrases of Liberation Front or people's front, and the word of front has never been familiar with us the Japanese.

In a movements of communist party in the international society, it was a theory on organization that getting supporters not only from communist party but from various areas so as to arose a political movement.

In the case of Vietnam, the organization sought for racialists,and democrats who were in search of democratic political power with thought like the next.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

『Column, a word of front』

Their thought was wanting America to go away,or the same race of both the south and north Vietnam should get together.

[The U.S.army joined the war direct]

The Liberation front expanded its organization, being based on an action on guerrilla in a farming village.

It killed village mayors who belonged to the lowest level of the South Vietnam one after another,and paralyzed an administrative organization in the farming village.

Both farmers and peasants who hated oppression and corrupt of the Ngo...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[The U.S.Army joined the war direct]

Both farmers and peasants who hated corruption and suppression in the Ngo Dinh Diem Government started to support the Liberation Front.

On the other hand, America couldn't recognize the fact that residents in the south side took action from a repulsion to a misgovernment in the government of the South Vietnam.

America thought the Liberation Front was a pawn sent from homelands of communism like Soviet or China.

As the Cold War intensified, they were forced to think with a point of view...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[The U.S.Army joined the war direct]

America was forced to think everything with a point of view on the Cold War for anti-communism.

America sent military advisers of which number were no less than sixteen thousand to the South Vietnam in the Kennedy Government in 1962.

America did training and support in which the South Vietnam could fight against a guerrilla which was the pawn from the communism.

However America saw the military force couldn't only drive away the Liberation Front,but was defeated one after another. Then...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[The U.S.Army joined the war direct]

...then America's anxiety became so stronger that it sent American soldiers who were over twenty thousand hundred to Vietnam in 1965.

America was in a position where it helped the military force in the South Vietnam until then, but instead the military force in the South Vietnam, America confronted with the Liberation Front at the front direct.

The war by the Vietnamese changed into the one by the American then.

[How did America should distinguish between guerrillas and peasants?]

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[How should America distinguish between guerrillas and peasants?]

However the U.S.Army who was sent to a area of farming village was confused. Jungle in the tropical zone and the area of rice growing was beyond its understanding.

Lacking of understanding on the ones who were engaged in agriculture connected with the photo in which the tank drove around the rice field.

There were members of the Liberation Front who were engaged in agricultural work in the rice field. They usually do farming, but they suddenly attacked a ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[How should they distinguish between peasants and guerrillas?]

...they suddenly attacked a gun in its hand and shot the American soldiers, so the American soldiers always had to be alert.

All the ones who were engaged in the farming looked like the members of the Liberation Front for the U.S.Army before long. They couldn't extinguish peasants with the guerrillas of their enemy at all.

American soldiers happened to shoot to a jungle indiscriminately repeatedly because of terror that they weren't sure who was their enemy.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[How should they extinguish between the ones who were engaged in farming and enemy?]

The U.S.Army thought the peasant was the guerrilla and shot often it by mistake. A senior officer told his men they should think the dead Vietnamese were the guerrillas.

Being hostile to peasants caused to drive peasants who weren't related to the guerrilla to the side of the Liberation Front.

[Korea and Australia joined the war]

The one who joined the war wasn't America alone. Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and Philippine sent..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia,which was the Vietnamese War】

[Korea and Australia joined the war]

Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and Philippine sent their military force to Vietnam, but except for America, it was Korea alone which participated in a genuine war.

Number of the military force in Korea reached about fifty hundred thousand in its heyday, and its total number was about thirty three hundred thousand, and the war dead was over four thousand and four hundred.

Korea was supported by America in the Korean War, and joined the Vietnamese War was a repayment of kindness ...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Koreaa and Australia joined the war]

At the same time, Korea learned how terrible the influence of the communism was in the Korean War, so it wanted to stop an extension of the influence of the communism in Asia desperately.

The military force in Korea renowned for its bravery. While an American fired at jungle which was unlikely to hide no one indiscriminately, a Korean carried out a general rule it didn't fire as long as an enemy didn't.

The Korean learned without getting support from the people, the military force was...

• 共感2

【Ameirca was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Korea and Australia joined the war]

The Korean learned without getting supported from the people, the military force was weak at the Korean War,so considering always feeling of residents, they took into action.

As a result, when comparing it with the American, the Korean obtained better results.

While the young in Korean shed its blood in Vietnam, the Japanese sold war material and made money. The Korean expressed the situation like the next.

America prepared for ammunition, Japan sold materials, and Korea sold blood...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Korea and Australia joined the war]

...but Korea was also requested to made various things for the war from America, they benefited greatly. It is fact that Korea which was damaged by the Korean War developed by the Vietnamese War.

[From Kennedy to Jhonson]

Then the President Kennedy was assassinaged at Dallas in Texas November in 1963.

Eisenhower who was Kennedy's predecessor decided to send the military force in America to Vietnam, but Kennedy who increased the military force.

However Kennedy continued to refuse to...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[From Kennedy to Jhonson]

However Kennedy continued to refuse to send the military force which joined the battle direct in Vietnam. He said in his interview on TV like the next then.

I don't think the South Vietnam win the war as long as the government didn't make effort so as to get supported from the people there.

In short it's their war. It depends on whether or not they win. We'll help them, offfer equipments, and send Americans as military advisers, and they have to win the war.

However as Kennedy was assassinated...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[From Kennedy to Jhonson]

After Kennedy was assassinated, Jhonson who was the vice President took office as President.

Under the Jhonson Government, America sent the military force of which number was no less than about a half million to Vietnam, and lost its balance on the muddy road of the Vietnamese War.

Therefore, some people say if Kennedy was alive, he'd withdraw from Vietnam in an early stage, and America wasn't dragged into the war. Then the Secretary of Defense is one of them.

However there isn't an if in history...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[From Kennedy to Jhonson]

...as the Cold War intensified we can't expect whether or not America which didn't know Asia at all went well in Vietnam under the Kennedy Government.

[The U.S.Army increased]

The military force in the South Vietnamese struggled in the war desperately, a news like that was often conveyed from Vietnam when Jhonson became the President.

A request of more the military force was conveyed from the U.S.Army which stationed in the actual place.

The Jhonson Government increased the U.S.Army in resopnse...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnam War】

[The U.S.Army increased]

The Jhonson Government increased the U.S.Army in response the request, insead of the military force in the South Vietnam, he confronted to the Liberation Front.

Jhonson thought the Liberation Front which took action in the South Vietnam was the military force in the North Vietnam.

The democracy which we the American declare should be the one which everyone hopes. If someone is opposed to it, it must be communists who are manipulated by Soviet or the South Vietnam.

Jhonson and members in his government...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[The U.S.Army increased]

Jhonson and his members in the government thought like that on the situation in the Liberation Front.

America which declared a lofty idea on the democracy helped the government in the South Vietnam, but the government in the South Vietnam was far from the democracy, and its people hated their government so much.

America didn't recognized it at all, then Gulf of Tonkin incident happened.

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

A ship belonged to the military force in the South Vietnamese attacked two...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

A ship belonged to the government in the South Vietnam attacked two islands in the gulf of Tonkin in the North Vietnam September in 1964.

An American destroyer went into the gulf of Tonkin in order to help its attack, then it was attacked from a terpedo boat which belonged to the North Vietnam August.

America thought territorial waters belonged to the North Vietnam was about 5.5 km, so it didn't approach until it, but the territorial waters which the North Vietnam insisted was about 22 km.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

The North Vietnam thought there was a ship which belonged to the South Vietnam and the ship attacked the territory of the North Vietnam, then American ship went into the territorial waters which the North Vietnam thought its own territory, so attacking the ship was natural for the North Vietnam.

However America didn't have such imagination to the North Vietnam.

America became indignant with an attack from the North Vietnam, so the President Jhonson made a strong protest to the North Vietnam.

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

After two days, other American destroyer reported it was attacked from the torpedo boat belonged to the North Vietnam again.

American war plane took off at once so as to make sure, but it couldn't recognize an existence of the torpedo boat.

Some people inside the military force in America said it may be a mistake of the destroyer, but American government couldn't judge calmly.

American assembly went mad at about a report that an American ship was attacked again. The President was...

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

Then the President was authorized to war from the American Congress. It's a decision on the Gulf of Tonkin incident. It's an expression like the next.

As those attacks are a part of aggressive, intentional and systematic invade against neighboring countires, America is ready to take all the measures including to use armed force so as to support a nation which asked for help in order to defend its own country, according to the resolution of the President.

As to its decision, an approval was..

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

As to desolution, its approval was 88, and objection was 2 in the Senate, and approval was 416, by a unanimous vote in the House of Representatives.

Whether or not there was the second attack in the Gulf of Tonkin actually, it developed into a big dispute.

The North Vietnam recognized the first attack, but the second was just a fabrication of America.

It's just jumping to a wrong conclusion by America which didn't consider a possibility of mistake in the one who took charge in the destroyer

• 共感2

【America was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Gulf of Tonkin incident broke out]

The comment on jumping on the wrong conclusion was done by then the Secretary of Defense.

Anyway, as America had wanted a reason for starting to attack the North Vietnam, it was a perfect excuse.

[Bombing north started. We are going to return you to the Stone Age!]

The military force in America started to attack the North Vietnam, being based of the resolution of the Gulf of Tonkin.

In the beginning the attack was limited to the two ports which America concluded it was attacking by the ..

• 共感2

【Ameirca was bogged down in Asia, which was the Vietnamese War】

[Bombng North started. We are going to return you to the Stone Age]

In the beginnging, the attack was limited to the two ports that America concluded it was attacking for the toepedo, but it escalated.

Actions in the Liberation Front in the South Vietnam became active, for the North Vietnam helped the it, so America attacked the North Vietnam. It was an excust that America attacked the North Vietnam.

When starting to attack, a chief of staff in the air force in America said, he is going to return the North Vietnam to the..

• 共感2