Let`s enjoy English eleventh

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Continuation from the last response of English and so on.

【A phrase on environmental pollution was born】

〈Ministry of Environment was born〉

A meeting of preventing the globe from warming was held in Kyoto December in 1997, and a protocol in Kyoto which would show us the course in the future was adopted then.

However America was opposed against the enforcement on the protocol in Kyoto, for it has insisted that a step on carbon dioxide prevents from expanding would have bad influence over economic growth on its own country.

Environment, or economy?

The problem has been forced us the...

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

〈Ministry of Environment was born〉

Economy, or Environment?

The problem has been forced to choose us the human being in a scale of the world.

『Column, a basic law on a step against environmental pollution』

In the law, being clear the responsibility for companies, the government, and local public organization are responsible for prevention of the political pollution, and fixing a basic matter on the policy of the prevention, intended to promote the total step on the political pollution.

With that protecting the people`s health, the total...

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

『Column, a basic law on a step for environmental pollution』

With that, intending to promote a total step on the environmental pollution, and protecting the health on the people, preserving the environment of their life.

The law declared like that. On the other hand, there was a proviso like the next.

As to the safety on preserving the environment on the people`s life, intending to be harmony with a sound development on economic growth.

It means that the step on the environmental pollution should be done so as not to be burden on companies.

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

『Column, a basic law on a step for environmental pollution』

The proviso was criticized severely and the basic law on a step for environmental pollution was revised in its entire way, and the proviso was erased. Then soil pollution has been added to the environmental pollution

〈After that, what happened?〉

Olympic was held in China August in 2008. During the Olympic, China regulated an amount of traffic, or suspending a construction work, and was engaged in a step on the environmental pollution as much as possible.

The Japanese who visited...

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

The Japanese who visited Beijing were surprised at the pollution in the air, for even if it was fine, it looked slightly cloudy because of smoke in the city.

Water pollution at local cities in China was serious and a sickness because of the water pollution spread out then.

The situation was as the same as that of Japan altogether at the time of the rapid economic growth.

When the Olympic was held in Tokyo for a long ago, in fact the sky over Tokyo was polluted with smoke.

Some of us the Japanese may have...

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

Some of us the Japanese may have remembered the sky over Tokyo was cleared up on the day of the ceremony on the Tokyo Olympic, but it rained the previous day and the rain carried away the smoke.

History repeats itself. Without learning a failure from other countries, the same tragedy would repeat.

However as to Japan, residential movement disclosing the environmental pollution arose, and the mass media reported the movement, so both of the administration and companies couldn`t ignore it, and started its step.

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【A phrase of environmental pollution was born】

〈After that, what`s happened?〉

However there is no free residential movement in China, and a report which is something wrong for the authority has never been allowed. There is difference between Japan and China.

I`m going to start a new chapter from now on.

【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈A female became a victim again in Okinawa〉

A female in her twenties was raped at Chatan in Okinawa prefecture June in 2001. As the result of an investigation by the police, a sergeant whose age was 24 in the U.S army loomed up as a possible...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈A female was a victim again in Okinawa〉

...a sergeant whose age was twenty-four loomed up a possible suspect then, and the Japanese police issued an arrest warrant, but it took four day until he was arrested actually because of the Japan-U.S.States of-Forces Agreement 日米地位協定.

Whenever an American soldier committed a crime in Okinawa, the Japan-U.S. States of-Forces Agreement becomes a problem, in particular a big one was September in 1995.

A school girl in an elementary school was raped by three American soldiers. She went to buy a stationery...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈A female was a victim again in Okinawa〉

She went to buy a stationery near the shop and on the way back to her home the tragedy happened.

Three American soldiers dragged her in the car, and took her away with them and raped. They ran away to the base, but the police in Okinawa couldn`t arrest them.

The police investigated them voluntarily and the prosecution indicted them, then they were deported to Japan.

There was an angry voice in Okinawa then like the next.

There is the case like that because of the Japan-U.S.States-of-Forces Agreement.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈A female was a victim again in Okinawa〉

At least the Japan-U.S.States-of-Forces Agreement should be re-examined again. A rally in Okinawa prefecture by eighty thousand of prefectural residents was held October in this year asking for withdrawal or reduction on the base of the U.S.army.

It means that one to ten in the main land of Okinawa joined the rally.

A school girl of the third grade in high school appealed to return them a peaceful island where there was no the military force nor a tragedy.

〈What is the Japan-U.S.States-of-Forces Agreement?〉

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈What is the Japan-U.S.Status-of Forces Agreement?〉

It`s a promise between Japan and America. If an American soldier in Japan committed a crime, the police can arrest him as long as he was red-handed.

However if he escaped to a base in the U.S. of military force after the crime, Japanese police can`t arrest him as principle.

As the result of an investigation, if he was indicted, he was moved to Japan, but until then Japanese police could investigate voluntarily alone.

Why has it been allowed to do? Because there is the U.S.-Japan Security....

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈What is the Japan-U.S.Status-of-Forces Agreement?〉

Because there is the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty and the Japan-U.S.Statuus-of-Forces Agreement.

The military force in America has stayed in Japan for the safety of Japan, so let`s protect its position in order that they take into action easily. It`s the Japan-U.S.-Status-of-Fources Agreement.

The military force in America has stayed in South Korea or in Germany tying with them the same one like the Japan-U.S.Status-of-Forces Agreement.

〈Making use of the Japan-U.S.Status-of-Forces Agreement ...〉

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Making use of it was re-examined by the case of raping the girl...〉

The case made the Japa-U.S.Status-of-Forces Agreement criticized so much that a conference was done between Japan and America, and the way of carrying out the agreement was re-examined.

As to a vicious case like a murder or a rape, if the Japanese police offered America to extradite a suspect to Japan, America paid a favorable consideration.

In short America would do it as much as possible, but when the case broke out actually June in 2001, America showed a disapproval in ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Making use of it was re-examined by the case of raping the girl...〉

...America showed a disapproval in relation to extraditing the suspect to Japan before an indictment owing to a problem on the human rights.

If being arrested by the Japanese police, an interpreter in the police`s side can attend the investigation, but other interpreter who was requested by the suspect couldn`t, and a nor lawyer could. They are a problem for America.

America thought there was no consideration on the human rights for the suspect in the judicial system in Japan....

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Making use of it was re-examined by the case of raping the girl...〉

...so it took a lot of time for a consideration inside American military force, so extraditing the suspect was late.

There was a criticism in Okinawa why wasn`t arresting done by far earlier?

A voice heightened that the Japan-U.S.Status-of-Forces Agreement should be revised so as to be arrested by the Japanese police at once.

If there is the human rights on the suspect, what about the human rights on the victim?

There was a criticism like that.

Okinawa was returned to...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Making use of it was re-examined by the case of raping the girl〉

The military base of America has made up for 75% in the whole Okinawa, especially 20% of the area on the mainland in Okinawa is occupied by the military base by America. Sometimes it has been expressed there is the island among the military base.

As a result, the prefectural residents in Okinawa have been usually troubled by noise greatly from the military base in America.

Therefore when the case occurred like that, a voice that it happened because there are the military base in...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Making use of it was re-examined by the case of raping the girl...〉

A voice that the case happened because there are such the lots of military bases of America in Okinawa heightened when the case broke out.

Okinawa has been returned to Japan in1972, there have been about four thousand nine hundred criminal cases by the soldiers, civilian employees, or their family members from then to 1999.

Five hundred and thirty nine cases which is over 10% were atrocious ones like a murder, robbery, rape, and arson.

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

Why has ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

『Column,other privileges on the U.S.army』

There are other privileges on American soldiers.

For example, a car belonged to the U.S.army passed through a superhighway, or a toll road, its driver doesn`t pay the fee.

As to a driver`s license, if there is the one which was got in America, or the one of the U.S.army, they can drive a car in Japan, even if they don`t get the license in Japan.

When foreign people go into Japan, they need a passport, but without having it, the members in the U.S.army can go into Japan.

It`s a consideration that they ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

『Other privilege on the U.S.army』

They are consideration that they can take into action in Japan easily.

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

Why has Okinawa concentrated the military base of America like that? It was caused the ground war was done in Okinawa at the end of the Pacific War.

The military base of America which destroyed completely the military force in Japan which protected the islands on the Pacific started to invade Okinawa. The operation was called iceberg, 1500 of warships and over a half million of soldiers in total joined the...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

One thousand and hundred of warships and a half million soldiers joined the operation.

A violent bombardment by warships in American navy started March in 1945. American soldiers went on shore April, and a fierce land war involving the residents started then.

The military force which confronted them set up headquarters at a basement in the Shurijo which used to be the castle for a king. The Japanese were no more than one hundred and ten thousand, including defending members of local residents by mobilized in Okinawa...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

...including defending members who were mobilized by local residents, and student soldiers.

A male student whose age was thirteen was a soldier, and a female student whose age was fifteen was a nursing personnel. It was an all out war by the whole island.

The U.S.army went on shore on each island of Kerama which were west to the mainland of Okinawa at first.

A tragedy that seven hundred residents who were pressed by the enemy killed themselves in group was happened.

They chose 自決 in the book. To be exact it was...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

自決 was different from killing itself to be exact. 集団自決 Includes committing a suicide, and killing its members each other. The book said like that, and it was done in Kerama.

The military force in America started to go on shore of the west coast of the main land in Okinawa with military units of one hundred and eighty thousand soldiers April.

A place where residents in Okinawa led their life became a stage on the ground war.

Not only killing each other by both of soldiers in Japan and America, but lots of residents...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Okinawa used to be the hell〉

Not only killing each other in both soldiers of Japan and America, but lots of the local residents involved in the war and died then.

〈A tragedy in Himeyuri〉

Various tragedies were born by the ground war.

Two hundred and nineteen female students were mobilized for nursing action at military hospital at Haebaru in south of Okinawa. They were called member of school students in Himeyuri.

The military hospital was destroyed, and student took care of injured soldiers in a temporary sick room made in a cave, and ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈A tragedy in Himeyuri〉

...and almost all of them were dead on account of a bombardment by warships.

The tragedy was made into a movie with a title of a tower in Himeyuri after the war, and has been well known to the public, but except for the members of student soldiers in Himeyuri, lots of students of both male and female were in the same duty and were victims by the war.

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

The military force in Japan disgraced themselves at the end of the ground war in Okinawa.

Driving the residents...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

Driving the residents who hid in the cave out from the cave and the Japanese soldiers hid themselves there. They did it each place in Okinawa, and a tragedy that children who were driven out from the cave were dead by the bombardment of warships happened.

It is said when hiding in a cave with the residents, an infant started to cry, Japanese soldiers feared that American soldiers would know the place where they hid, so ordered the residents to kill the infant.

If Japanese soldiers or the...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

If Japanese soldiers or residents tried to surrender to America, they were often shot to death from the back by Japanese soldiers. Documents in Okinawa prefecture described like the next.

The military force in Japan drove the residents out of a shelter, robbing the residents of the food, killing infants by poisoning, by strangulation, by stabbing, thinking of the residents as a spy and killing them, and forcing friends, acquaintances, and blood relatives to kill themselves each other.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

Forcing what is call 集団自決 was done one after another.

While the military force in Japan hiding themselves in a natural cave, the military force in America added violent bombardment from warships off shore.

As to foot soldiers, they adopted a tactical move of throwing a hand grenade into the cave, or burned them with a flamethrower. In this way an one side battle continued.

A commander at defending army in Okinawa was pressed to Itoman city at the south end of Okinawa, and killed himself.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

The commander committed a suicide on the twenty third day June, so the day the war ended was the twenty third day June in Okinawa, but after that a sporadic resistance developed each place actually.

In Kumejima which was west to the mainland of Okinawa, after systematic resistance was over in the mainland, twenty local residents were slaughtered by defending party of Japanese navy under a suspicion of action on spy.

As to those behaviors by the military force in Japan, Ryotaro Shiba said...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan... 】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

...Ryotaro Shiba said like that.

The military force doesn`t protect its residents originally and essentially as function. It defends itself.

Contrary to the military force in Japan which couldn`t help the residents, the one in America thought of a step which helped the life of residents who weren`t combatants.

Before starting to attack, they prepared for lots of interpreters so as to come to a mutual understanding with the residents, and food and medical ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

...and the food and medical supplies for the residents were ready, and the Americans who were in charge of those things reached no less than five thousand.

As a result, they were deserted by the military force in Japan which should have been their supporter, but were rescued by the one in America which could have been their enemy.

Lots of residents in Okinawa thought like that.

The military force in Japan used to told the residents if surrendered to the military force in America, they...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

...they were told they were tortured and were slaughtered then, but when being a captive actually, the residents had their injury treated, and were offered the food by them. Then lots of the residents thought they had been deceived by the military force in Japan.

The one who went through the war in Ie island which was west to the main land of Okinawa said on the situation like the next.

It is said the Americans and the English were brute and savage like a fiend. We used to think like that.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

If being taken by them as captive, our ears would be cut off, our nose would be scraped off, they tortured us and finally they would kill us. We were told like that.

Everyone would feel terrible if thinking that its dear sons or daughters go through like that, so the parents killed their children with their own hands, but the children didn`t think they wanted to be dead, so they ran away from their parents, and a father ran after a child and strangled it by hand, killing it with a sickle.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The military force in Japan didn`t protect the residents〉

Disastrous things happened here and there.

Names of victims on both soldiers in Japan and America and local residents who were dead at the war in Okinawa have been described on the foundation stone of a hill on Mafune. Its number is about two hundred thirty eight thousand.

American soldiers are more than twelve thousand, Japanese military force are more than sixty five thousand, local defending members are twenty eight thousand, and local residents are more than one hundred thirty thousand

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Column, a military base of America has the name of a hero〉

There are five military bases on American marine in Okinawa which has a personal name. The owners of the name are marines who rendered a remarkable service in the war in Okinawa and were heroes then.

Marines rushed into the front of the war the lead, they attacked there faster and braver than any other soldiers, so their morale was encouraged with that form.

However if changing a viewpoint, rendered a remarkable service means killing lots of Japanese soldiers. In spite that its base is ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

『Column, a military base of America in Japan has the name of a hero』

We can think that in spite that the military base is in Japan, naming like that is insensitive to Japan.

〈Expanding the base with a bayonet and a bulldozer〉

The local residents who could survive was made to accommodate in a detention camp, and clothing and food were supplied from the U.S.army.

America accommodated the local residents in the detention camp, so Okinawa became uninhabited then. The military force of America built a tremendous military base so as to prepare for ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Expanding the military base with a bayonet and bulldozer〉

The military force in America built a huge military base there so as to prepare for an attack against the main land in Japan. The military base was born one after another on a vast plain or on a hill which commanded a fine view from there.

It secured the necessary land, after that it returned the residents unnecessary land. The land of the residents were taken away from them, so they were forced to move to a place where America designated.

After the...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Expanding a military base with a bayonet and a bulldozer〉

After the whole Japan surrendered August in 1945, the military bases didn`t disappear from Okinawa, for after the World War Second, in the middle of the Cold War between East and West intensified, the military force of America placed Okinawa as key stone in the Pacific Ocean.

Okinawa is near Taiwan, so if a dispute between China and Taiwan happens, the military force of America can rush there at once from the military base in Okinawa.

After the Korean War broke out, a military base where...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan....】

〈Expanding a military base with a bayonet and a bulldozer〉

After the Korean War broke out, the military base where the military force of America could use at will around the clock becomes valuable. The military bases in Okinawa increased but never decreased.

Instead of a military government in which America controlled directly Okinawa, a government by American nation in Ryukyu island was established December in 1950, but both of head and vice head were actually American commanders.

A peace treaty was concluded in San Francisco September in 1952...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Expanding a military base with a bayonet and a bulldozer〉

...and Japan accomplished its independence then, but Okinawa was under control by America. Okinawa was cut off from Japan.

The Military force in America started to expand a military base in Okinawa April in 1953. It proclaimed an order of expropriating lands in order to build the military base newly, entering into a contract of taking away the lands at will with a land owner by force, and changing the lands into the military base.

Destroying houses, and fields with a bulldozer, building ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned Japan...】

〈Expanding a base with a bulldozer and a bayonet〉

Destroying houses and fields with a bulldozer and changing them into a military base altogether. Threatening the ones who refused, and arresting the ones who were opposed.

The military force in America adopted a way of using the bulldozer in a field in midnight when residents were asleep in order to prevent the residents from opposing.

When the residents protested, it said Okinawa had been captured by the military force in America from Japan, so the residents didn`t have any right to protest at all.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Expanding a military base with a bulldozer and a bayonet〉

There was even an executive in the military force of America said like that, so the people in Okinawa said America constructed the military base with the bulldozer and the bayonet.

〈The whole island of Okinawa plunged into headlong into a struggle〉

America started a plan of paying the land rent which they made the residents contract by force for twenty years altogether. It adopted to pay for it in one lump sum rather than paying it every year, trying to get a right of permanent lease.

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The whole island of Okinawa plunged headlong into a struggle〉

Except for landowners, the residents in Okinawa were got angry with it, for it`s same as being bought the land by force.

The people who thought their land would be taken away forever developed a severe resistant movement each place. It was called a struggle of the whole island.

It was a start of the first open opposing movement against the American control by the people in Okinawa.

As a result, a temporary government in Okinawa bought a land for the military base from landowners...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The whole land of Okinawa plunged headlong into a struggle〉

As a result, a temporary government in Okinawa leased the land for a military base from landowners, and the military force in America used it.

As to lands which the temporary government couldn`t negotiate with landowners, the military force in America could acquire by force. It was settled like that.

After that as to lands for the military base, it wasn`t that America leased from landowners direct, but America did through the temporary government indirect.

〈The temporary government...〉

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The temporary government started〉

Under control by America, a temporary government which was a representation from the people in Okinawa started April in 1952. America allowed the residents to the limited self-government under control America.

Legislative organ which was equivalent to a prefectural assembled in Okinawa and a law court were established, but the temporary government was an existence which obeyed America, and its head was also an American.

Under control by America, Okinawa changed into the one like America altogether. Its...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The temporary government started〉

Its official language was English. The currency which was used there was a dollar. Vehicles drive on the right. When going to mainland in Japan, and coming from Japan to Okinawa, both a passport and visa were indispensable then.

When traveling from Okinawa to the mainland in Japan, it is said the residents in Okinawa was sometimes said from the ones in the mainland like the next.

Though you`ve lived in Okinawa, you`re good at the Japanese, or you the residents in Okinawa speak English, aren`t you?

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈The temporary government started〉

Those insensitive and lack of understanding phrases hurt the residents in Okinawa. Okinawa was cut from the consciousness of the Japanese in its mainland altogether.

〈Why has America controlled Okinawa?〉

What kind of existence is Okinawa for America? When asking, why America had controlled Okinawa, America answered like the next.

America has concluded a security treaty with some countries in Southeast Asia such as South Korea, Taiwan, Philippine, and Japan.

The treaty has entrusted America with a defend ...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Why has America controlled Okinawa?〉

The treaty has entrusted America with defending for those countries from invasion by other countries.

If America takes into action quickly and effectively so as to defend their liberty, it has to maintain military bases. There has been an absolute demand for the bases which is equivalent to their conditions.

In short, without delaying, a military force and all the kinds of weapons can be carried away to the military bases at will according to a necessary condition.

In an emergency, all the kinds of weapons...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Why has America controlled Okinawa?〉

In an emergency, all kinds of weapons and supplies are able to save at will without any limit. As long as Okinawa is controlled by America, the condition in Okinawa is equivalent to the demands. The answer was done in 1965.

In addition, the military force in the whole Japan has a responsibility for a defense on Japan alone, but the one in Okinawa has the responsibility for the whole West Pacific Ocean, America declared like that.

America has expressed openly that it needs to use the military base in Okinawa...

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【Though Okinawa has returned to Japan...】

〈Why has America controlled Okinawa?〉

America has declared openly that it needs to use the military base in Okinawa at will in order to continue to have influence over the whole West Pacific Ocean.

『Column, return Okinawa to us』

A song of which title was return Okinawa to us was always sung in revival movement of Okinawa.

With the break of a hard earth, the island which is burning with angers of the residents, Okinawa.

Okinawa, we and our ancestors have protected and brought up with blood and sweat.

We have been crying, Okinawa has been ours.

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