Let's enjoy English!

【How to understand a world map】

『Preface』


The terrorism in the U.S.A the 11th of September in 2001 which shocked the world made us think a variety of things.😃


We recognized not only the world's public opinion spread out,but also international network of organization of terrorism which covered a wide area had exposed to us.😃

The news of the mass media which started after the disaster was speedy and went into detail.📺


When the scene of the story shifted to Afghanistan,the mass media took up the country as its news,lots of people who had never been interested in the country at all could recognize its complicated racial problems.😥


At the same time,varied questions occurred to us.☝


Why did the organization of terrorism attack the U.S.A.? Who was its ringleader? What was a background of its idea?😥

What was their source of money? Why did they run into Afghanistan? At first,what kind of country is Afghanistan?💡

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>> 1 『Preface』Ⅱ

With the detailed information of the disaster in the U.S.A.on 11th of September in 2001,we became aware of lacking of another information and knowledge such as the international situation,politics,economy,history,and religion in order to make the disaster clear.😥


If those information is collected and is published in book form,it'll be very useful.


By the way,I've expressed these responses,being based on a book,『面白いほどわかる世界地図の読み方』edited bx 世界情勢を読む会,published by 文芸社．


Therefore almost all of my remarks in this thread are none of my own thought.It's just that I try to say them in English.😂


I'll continue its preface.💦

As to geography which we'd learned when we were students,I get the impression the subject is just the memory work.暗記物.😥


Even if we've learned the superficial explanation such as the name of the country,its capital,climate,geographical feature,and industry,we have no idea about its history,economy,and culture at all.😥

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>> 2 『Preface』Ⅲ

In addition,we don't know how the people are,or how they lead their lives in the foreign countries.To begin with,the geography is hard to classify.😥


The geography includes natural science such as geographical feature,climate,environment.The subject also contains cultural science 人文科学 such as history,politics,and economy.😃


The subject extends over fieldwork which is done outdoors.In short,the geography includes wide scholarly territory.😲


Some other pieces of information which are reported in guidebooks for sightseeing like noted places名所,souvenirs,accomodations,and traffic are kind of geographies.☝



However I think it impossible to cover all of them in this place.As for main point,I try to tell you chief countries' present situation in the world.😃


I've collected topics as reading matters in which we can get information of history,culture,economy.😃


Needless to say,those remarks aren't mine,but the author's of『面白いほどよくわかる世界地図の読み方』😳

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>> 3 『Preface』Ⅳ

For example,when reading newspapers,or watching news items at TV program,we are apt to have some questions about them.😃


Why does the phenomena happen just in the area?Dispute 紛争 has broken out in an area.What is its background?Some countries always dislike each other.Why?😱


Its author collected lots of topic from various areas in order to live up to readers' curiosity.😃

As for structure of the book,its classification is different from ordinary ones.Its author collected the Middle East and North Africa as an area of Mediterranean Sea,moreover he put together part of South America as North one.😚


They are on account of an editing of the author.Those areas were classfied from a point of a view of a cultural sphere 文化圏.😃


The world where we live has become borderless rapidly since the end of the 20th century,so we actually feel as if the world were getting smaller,but there are lots of strange countries with which we Japanese aren't familiar.Then please make use of this book,面白いほどよくわかる世界地図の読み方🙋

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>> 4 【World of Asia which which is in a chaotic state.It's made up with varied ethnic groups】


『Our world's total population are about 61 billion.Roughly speaking,its 60％ live in Asia.A variety of ethnic groups and religion get complicated so much that Asia is the most chaotic area in the world.Asia is roughly divided into five regions,but I'm going to express outlines of East Asia,southeast one,and south one』

《There are several countries in Asia.Their economic growth is being accomplished》

It was after 1980s when Asian each country which had been European colony since modern times began to grow economically.😃


As to economical revival,Japn was the fastest in Asia after the Great WarⅡ,and our country had accomplished rapid economic growth in 1970s.🇯�


After that each country of NIES such as Korea,Taiwan,Hong Kong,and Singapore introduced technical skills of advanced nations,and they succeeded in industrialization.🇰�

Then each country of ASEAN such as Philippine,Indonesia,and Malaysia followed.😃

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>> 5 《There are several countries in Asia.Their economic growths are being completed》Ⅱ

Contrary to it,China which is socialist seemed to be behind those countries,but it has continued to grow economically since 1980s when China introduced economy of liberalism to itself.🇨�


As a result,CHina succeeded in adopting market economy.In addition,it has become a member of WTO December in 2001.😃


While therefore,economical forms seem to be arranged in Asia,terrorisms which seemed have arisen from religion or races,and disputes which were opposition between some ethnic groups exploded as if the troubles had run counter to their economical development.😱


Comparing with other areas,lots of ethnic groups live in Asia.As for religion,except for Buddhism,Christianity,and Islam,there are still a variety of religions in Asia.😔


In short, Asia seems to be more chaotic in the 21th century.😠

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>> 6 【Grand family trees of Korea 家系図】


『Though having gradated from university with great effort…』


There is a phrase of syndrome of entrance examination in Korea.The syndrome is next symptoms because of extreme anxiety for the entrance exam to university.They suffer from delusion 妄想、an auditory hallucination 幻聴,and insomnia 不眠症.😱


It's no joke.The thought that entrance examinations for university are serious affair in their lives is deep-rooted in Korea.🇰�


It's natural for them to study until midnight,even if their sleeping hours end up being no more than three or four.😥


It's annual event that their mothers or members of family keep eyes on them, holding their breath in front of a site of taking exam.👵



Others are lenient with the examinees so much that we've frequently heard that even a police car drove the examinee who had fear of being late for its entrance exam to the site with full speed in every year.🚓

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>> 7 『Though having graduated from university with great effort…』Ⅱ


Even government offices and enterprizes start working one hour late on that day of the entrance exam in Korea.😚

A root of the entrance examination war which has gone too far 過熱 is what is called the system of 両班リャンパン,which has started from the Kourai era.It's more than a thousand years ago.😃


The 両班 is a system of office and rank 官位 which followed other Chinese one,科挙.In short,the 両班 is a public servant's position.🇰�



What is called the 科挙 is a national examination in order to enter in government service,and as long as they can pass the exam,they become 両班,and the privileged classes are guaranteed to them then.😒


As having been inherited a tradition of in which they make much of the exam,a person's educational background 学歴 decides its worth and social position in Korea.🇰�
　　　　　　　　
However lots of university students are in difficulty owing to jobs' shortage in Korea.🇰�

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>> 8 『Though having graduated from university with great effort…』


In Korea,a college-going rate was no more than 36％ in 1985,but with economic growth,it reached no less than 68％ in 2000.It seems that Korean national character which they study hard reflects.🇰�

Going to college has been brotght into widespread among the people.It caused the people in Korea jobs shortage.Moreover depression has a great effect on their getting job.😥


Korea met with monetary and financial crisis in 1997,as a result,it was forced to reform under control with IMF.😥


Korea proceeded its reformation under Kim Dae Jung government,so its economy was getting closer its recovery,but the rate of employment of new graduates 新卒 was 56.7％ in 2001.It came to a standstill.😣


Korean main industries are electronic parts,semiconductors 半導体,and automobiles.It mainly trades with America and Japan.🚗



Korea has been strongly connected with America for military purpose since the Korean War.🇰�

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>> 9 『Though having graduated from university with great effort…』


Korean main military units are under the command of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers of American and Korea.🇰�


When a war which has a vital interest between Korea and America breaks out,America will take their initiative.🇺�


The Korea has had deep-rooted anti-Japanese feeling,but it started removing ban for popular Japanese culture in 1998.🇰�


Though criticism has been raised for recognition of Japanese history,fighting over expressions of Japanese history in 2001.Inerdependence between the two countries will be raised,but it won't stop.
☺

『Content of what is called 本貫 which controlls their materrial.』



It was Confusion's virtue on whic had greatly effect Korean people.It has been spread out over Korean world so deeply that it has great impact on them

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>> 10 『Content of what is called 本貫 which controls their marriage』


As for the last response of mine,I'm sure that there a few misspelled words.When expressing my response,I felt so sleepy that I made some mistakes.😳
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I'm sorry for it.I have to apologize all of the people who read my response my mistakes.🙏


I'm going to return to my subject from now on.😃


Korean people often ask us our age even if that is the first time we meet them.We Japanese are liable to think it's impolite of them,but there are definite ranks between older people and younger ones in Korea,for they make much of Confucianism 儒教🇰�


As to we Japanese,there is more difficult system to understand in Korea.It's what is called 同本同姓.It's important for the people of marrageable age 結婚適齢期,in particular.💑


As to family names,there are no more than 250 in Korea,but the man and woman who try to get married have the same family name,it's no problem.😃


Contrary to it,if their 本貫 are same,it'll be a trouble,for…

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>> 11 『Content of what is called 本貫 which controls their marriage』


本貫 are birthplaces of korean people's ancestors.Therefore,a man and woman who don't have same family name,but also their 本貫 are same ones mean they are the same family.👪


Even if they love so much each other,they can't get married then.😔


There are 族譜 in Korea,and the next things are being described in the 族譜.Men's names and the year when they were born and they were dead.Whether or not they had experienced government official.本貫 which was a place where they were born.Places of their mausoleums廟 😃


The grand 族譜 is the most valuable thing for the whole family.Korean people who lead their lives with their relatives and their ancestors which have been unbroken.🇰�


Wherever people live,the members of their family are most precious ones for them.Lots of family members of Korean people have left alone in North Korea.Problems of the family had been broken up increases seriousness when recalling their 族譜😭

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>> 12 『North Korea which puts on a display of active diplomacy』


The Korean Peninsula was divided into the North one and South other because of the Korean War after the Japanese colonial policy.🔥


Therefore,after the division,a top-level meeting in June in 2000 between each two leaders of the North and South Korea was a historic event.㊗


The problem in which lots of families have been broken up are members of families who got scattered over North and South owing to disorders of the war.😥

North Korea has developed positive diplomacy almost stimultaneously with the top-level summit,so we find that the country is groping new direction in which the country should go ahead.😚


North Korea opened diplomatic relations with Italy for the first time among developed 7 advanced countries.☀



With that as a start,the North Korea has established diplomatic relations with Australia, Philippines,and England.☀

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>> 13 『North Korea which puts on a display of active diplomacy』


North Korea established diplomatic relations with 13 countries such as Germany,EU,and Turkey in 2001.😃


North Korea was at war with 16 countries in the Unite Nations at the Korean war,but except for America and France,the country restored diplomatic relations with all the countries which fought against with it.🎉


When a leader in North Korea visits China,it plans to inspect securities exchanges 証券取引所 and laboratories of software,and to establish first management faculty at a university in North Korea😃


What is called 『新思考』which North Korea declares is opaque yet,but thre is no doubt that North Korea is considering introduction of foreign capital positively in order to get rid of difficulties in which their food and electric power are lacking.😚


For example,North Korea has set up homepage for Japan so as to attract tourists,and it's a second official as a website for foreign countries.😃

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>> 14 『North Korea which puts on a display of active diplomacy』


Its author was wondering if open,or maintaining the status quo 現状維持…As for North Korean future,no one can predict.😚
　　　　　　　
While both of Korean people have longed for the unification　統一 of the two countries as the racial earnest wish,North Korea is only one with which Japan has never established diplomatic relative among the countries in the UN 国連.😃


Suspicion about taking Japanese people away from Japan and ballistic missile 弾道弾 prevent us from establishing diplomatic relative with North Korea,so lots of people,including we Japanese,have been eagerly waiting for early settlement.😚


By the way,I've expressed these responses,being based on『面白いほどよくわかる世界地図の読み方』,as I've told,but the book seems to having written about ten years ago,so I'm afraid it'll be too old as information.If I knew the international situation well,I could add the latest one to my responses.I'm sorry for it😂

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【China】


『Immeasurable energy which great Chinese network has』

《The people who have been put outside Sinocentrism 中華思想》


A female driver of a tractor,a lathe worker 旋盤工,a laborer who is works in a steel mill 製鋼所,and a delegate who is coming out of a great hall.😃


If you can guess what those people are right,it means that you are well-informed in China.They used to be motives of Chinese bills which they spent as money.😃


Images which ordinary people work were expressed on the Chinese bills.I'm wondering if the bills had indicated that China is socialism.😚


As having been replaced with the former bill,profiles of 14 races such as the Mongolian and Tibetan are expressed on the present Chinese bill which appeared about in 1987.😃


China is a variety of nation-state.Its number are no less than 66.The Han race commands no less than 92% of Chinese population.😲


As to the other races,チワン race,満州 one,and 回 one follow.😃

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>> 16 【China】


《The people who had been put outside Sinocentrism 中華思想》


There had never been concept of nation in China until about a hundred years ago.Japanese people adopted 民族 of Japanese word in order to translate the nation of English word and Chinese statesmen began to use the nation at the end in the 清 era.It's an origin of the nation which the Chinese have adopted.😃

Why had there never been the a general idea of the nation in China? It's simple,for the country's idea for China which had been spread over those people since ancient times didn't need it at all.😃


There is a phrase of『文ヲモッテ化ス』in China.It means like the next.😃


A man of exceptional virtue tells and admonish the people in a remote region.Thus it enlighten the people in the frontier area.Chinese people have regarded it as a powerful person's権力者 ideal.😃


People who enjoy Chinese civilization have a sense of superiority that their culture is by far more excellent than others.We call it Sinocentrism.☀

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>> 17 【China】


《People who had been put outside Sinocentrism 中華思想》


Minority in China folloxed the Han race who take over Chinese civilization and have good command of Chinese culture and ethics like the Han race.Chinese people had thought it was good.😒


In an area where minority live,the right of self-government is allowed to some extent,so there are five area which are allowed the right of self-government such as five area ,Inner Mongolia,Tiaetan one and so on.😃


However,in Uighur Autonomous Region 自治区,the Uighur race makes up for no more than 20% there,they were just minority even their own Autonomous Region.☀


Contrary to it,an exception is Tibetan one.Tibetan people account for no less than 95% there.As having grown anti-Han race feeling since 1980s,demonstrations which demanded for their independence often have broken out.🆚


With those domestic racial construction,it's overseas Chinese which show us a variety of Chinese people in the world.😃

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【China】


『Whenever we go in the world,we can eat Chinese dish』

Even if what kind of countries we go,we can eat Chinese dish in almost all of the greatest city, for Chinese people had moved to each place in the world in order to seek for their jobs,or to avoid confusion of war or revolution there.Yokohama and Kobe are also famous for their Chinese foods.🍴


Lots of people who are called overseas Chinese 華僑 come from Guangdong 広東省 or Fujian 福建省,and it's said they are 25 million in the world.😲


Roughly speaking,21 million in Southeast Asia,a million in the U.S.A,0.45 million in Canada,0.4million in Europe,and 0.3million in Australia.😃


As for their nationality,some left them in China,and others get other ones at the other countries where they move,so their relations between China are varied.😃


However,when being greatly damaged by a flood in China in 1991,with a proverb of『Blood is thicker than water』,contributions gathered from overseas Chinese all over the world.😲

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>> 19 【China】


『Wherever we go in the world,we can eat Chinese food』

The Chinese Communist party has come into a political power since 1949.It's said that if the party carried the attcck all the way to Macao or Hong Kong then,it would recapture those areas from the foreign countries' colonial policies.😃


However the Chinese Communist Party didn't,for it's said it wanted to leave two places to contact with overseas Chinese.😲


『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and other one of inland』


England returned Hong Kong to China in 1997,and Portugal also restored Macao to China in 1999.😃


Both of the areas belong to China which believes in socialism as special administsative district.The system of capitalism has been secure for 50 years in the both areas.As a result,China has realized two systens in a country.☀


Chinese economy accomplished economic growth rate of 8% in 2000.The country's economy has shown us a good condition.💰

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>> 20 【China】


『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and other ones of inland』

An economic special district established in 1979 has caused the present growth.The district has an aim of introduction of foreign capital and technical skill.☀


The district is three in Canton 広東省,one in Fujan 福建省,and one in an island of Hainan 海南.Three of them are along the coast which are near Hong Kong or Taiwan.🌴


It's said Chinese government chose those areas,considering common ground　接点 with overseas Chinese residents.😲


The expectation seems to be successful for the present,but economic development hasn't made progress so less that income difference between the area of inland and other one along the coast has become a problem.😥


There is a Chinese proverb like next.『A peafowl　孔雀 flies toward southeast.』It indicates great movement of Chinese working population.🐥

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>> 21 【China】


『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and others of inland』


As for GDP for a person,there is a great difference between Shanghai and a farming village of inland.Roughly speaking, Shanghai's GDP is ten times as valuable as other of the farming village of inland.😥


Nobody can stop the stream of the people who try to go to the southeast areas along the sea from the farming village so as to find work.😱


China could join in WTO formally in 2001 after it had struggled for 15 years,though a kind of disturbance in 天安門 had an effect on it.😃

It seems to increase an investment from foreign countries,but labors' income at the lower levels of Chinese society is very likely to be left as it is.😫


Lots of enterprises in the world moved their factories to China after Chinese economic revolution,or emancipation 解放 in 1979.As a result,we have called China『factory for the world』🎉


However in fact cheap labor force supports Chinese economy.😥

• << 25 【China】 『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and others of inland』 Chinese wages are one 20th of Japanese.It's low wages are the Chinese most ability to compete with other countries.😃 If the labors become wealthy,ironically it may cause to move Chinese factories overseas.😱 Tremendous Chinese market is no less than 1.3 billion.Whether or not the gigantic market matures depends on Chinese economic situation in which manufacturing industry changes from its industrial structure.😃 There is a word of great Chinese territory,what is called 大中華圏.It's a Chinese network which exceeds limit as a country,including overseas Chinese.😃 The phrase of the great Chinese territory is suitable to make sure essence of huge Chinese market which can't be settled within a race,country,or even system.😲 As for my expression,I'm afraid I may have made a mistake.💧 ❌ Wages are cheap ⭕ Wages are low

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【What I've thought】


As you recognize,I'm 51 years old,and I'm still single,so I have neither my wife nor a child.I'm wondering if I'm eccentric.😥


Contrary to it,lots of others about my age have decent families.They support their family,working hard.😃


I think I've worked hard,and I've never have something wrong…maybe💦

However I'm apt to feel inferior to them.Supporting a family is a great thing,but neither I'll get married,nor I have my own family.😃


It's substitution of the family that I need,I'm sure.I feel somehow feel small to others,for I neglect to do something valuable,for example,supporting the family,but there is English beside me,so I have to study English harder.😤


I have to make up for what I don't have with English.I want to lead my life,sticking out my chest.🙋

In short,I'm just myself.Neither I can become other nor I need to do. Japanese people resemble what is called 金太郎飴,I'm wondering.Wherever we cut off the candy,its cut ends are uniform 均一.I'm not the 金太郎飴 at all😂

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【What I've thought and etc】

As for the last response of mine,it doesn't always mean I look down on the others.I respect them,but I'm just myself,so I'll go ahead with my own way.😃


As to this thread of mine,I've expressed foreign countries mainly,but there are plenty of other things which I want to describe in English.😁


As having put up with them,I'm beginning to feel the stress.As to the number of hit for my thread,it's the most of all my threads.😍


Needless to say,I'm happy and am grateful to all of the people for reading my response,but I'm apt to want to express something trifling sometimes.😳


I was afraid it would prevent me from increasing the number of hit,but I'll express what I want to,though I'll do mainly,being based on『面白いほどよくわかる世界地図の読み方』🌏

However I've never been abroad at all.I wish I could go someday,though it limits　to a short period,for without Japanese rice,I can't lead my life.🍚

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>> 22 【China】 『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and othe… 【China】


『The problem is a gap between areas along the coast and others of inland』


Chinese wages are one 20th of Japanese.It's low wages are the Chinese most ability to compete with other countries.😃


If the labors become wealthy,ironically it may cause to move Chinese factories overseas.😱


Tremendous Chinese market is no less than 1.3 billion.Whether or not the gigantic market matures depends on Chinese economic situation in which manufacturing industry changes from its industrial structure.😃


There is a word of great Chinese territory,what is called 大中華圏.It's a Chinese network which exceeds limit as a country,including overseas Chinese.😃


The phrase of the great Chinese territory is suitable to make sure essence of huge Chinese market which can't be settled within a race,country,or even system.😲


As for my expression,I'm afraid I may have made a mistake.💧


❌ Wages are cheap

⭕ Wages are low

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【Nepal】


『Hometown of soldiers of グルカ who is the strongest in the world』


《Hired soldiers and sightseeing are pillars for acquisition of foreign currency》


Nepal is to the south of China and lies to the north of India.It's famous for the Himalaya Mountains.😃


Well-known mountains such as Everest,including the highest peak in the world crowd together in the area.😲


The highest mountains which are more than 8000 meters are 14 in the world,to my surprise,8 of 14 are in Nepal.😲

Unfortunately, people in Nepal are poor.As for their foods,they are self-sufficiency 自給自足 ,but industrialization has made so less progresse that a way of acquisition of foreign currency is limited.It's their present situation.😥


Therefore sightseeing is a main pillar for acquisition of foreign currency.The people who visit Himalaya for trekking spend money on their sightseeing.It has made a great contribution to the economy of Nepal,but there is one more thing which has rendered great service its economy.It's…

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>> 26 【Nepal】


《Hired soldiers and sightseeing are pillars of acquisition of foreign currency》


Few Japanese people know other pillar for acquisition of foreign currency is hired soldiers.It's a remittance 送金 from soldiers of グルカ which is called the strongest military unit in the world to their own country.💰


グルカ soldiers are combat troops composed of the Napalese.The troops belong to English army at present.I'm going to express about how the troops started.😃


The episode is suitable for the brave title of the strongest army in the world.😲


The グルカ soldiers used to belong to a dynasty 王朝 of グルカ in the Kingdom of Nepal.The dynasty of グルカ was at war with England army in 1815 because of antagonism 対立 concerning interests　利害 of the Eastern Indian company🇬�


The England army won a victory at the war,but historians called the war『tombs of the England』,for the England army was forced to be a hard fight with the グルカ soldiers until at the end of the war.😲

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>> 27 【Nepal】


《Hired soldiers and sightseeing are pillars of acquisition of foreign currency》


As for the last response of mine,I made a mistake again.『Untili at the end of the war』,I expressed like that,but it's in the wrong.I should have described『until the end of the war』It's shameful of me to made such a mistake.😳


The English army was surprised at the soldiers of グルカ who were excellent as warriors so much that it received the soldiers of グルカ into the English army as mercenaries 傭兵,for their bodies were robust because they lived in mountainous district,moreover they were loyal and brave.😲


After that,the soldiers of グルカ have fought at lots of merciless battlefields in the English history.For example, rebellion of sepoy,or the First World War.😃


It was the soldiers of グルカ which defeated Japanese army at Burmese front ビルマ戦線.When a dispute of Falkland with Argentina broke out,they organized a landing party 上陸部隊 to the dangerous main island.😱

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>> 28 【Nepal】


《Hired soldiers and sightseeing are pillars of acquisition of foreign currency》


The soldiers of グルカ have joined in Peacekeeping force for Eastern Thymol or Kosovo as an advanced guard of the English army.😃


If the ordinary Napalese become the soldiers of グルカ,their income will be better than other jobs in Nepal.Besides,they will be able to win honor,as a result,lots of people volunteer for the soldiers.😤


However,danger of being dead always follows them.When an unexpected disaster befalls them,the amount of English security money is different from other amount of the soldiers of the グルカ's so much.😱


The different treatment between the English and the Napalese is thought to be discriminative.Even the English regard the difference as questinnable.😒


By the way,the sepoy was a hired Indian soldier which belonged to the Eastern Indian company.England had almost conquered India with the company at the first half in the 19th century,but the Indian felt hostile toward England.😒


To be continued.😃

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>> 29 『Continuation of the last remark of mine』


I'm going to express about rebellion of sepoy from now on.😃


In addition,England disregarded Indian religions and lifestyles.It caused the rebellion of sepoy.Moreover,merchants,farmers,and peasants also joined the rebellion.🆚


Thus,the rebellion developed like a war of independence of anti-England,but the rebel army had never been unified so much that England put down the demonstration in 1859.💀


After that,India had been under England direct control.🇬�


【Mongolia】


『Exchange between East and West which has been caused the greatest territory in history』


《Relation between a market economy and the Mongolian Empire》


A great grassy plain,countless stars in the heavens,and what is called ゲル.The ゲル is a residental tent which they can move.It's a symbol of nomads 遊牧民 who lead their lives in a Mongolian grassy plain.😃


Mongolian unique culture stirs up our romanticism for the country,but unexpectedly,the country used to be …


To be continued.Bye😁

• << 32 【Mongolia】 《Relation between a market economy and the Mongolian Empire》 In fact,the goats and sheep which the nomads 遊牧民 bred in Mongolia had been state-owned fortune until about 20 years ago.♈ Mongolia used to be the oldest country of socialism in Asia.However sudden changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet union such as Perestroyka had also shaken Mongolia so much that the country was forced to adopt the market economy.It was after 1990s.💰 As for their political sides,they have adopted democratization such as the system of President, plural political parties,and democratic elections.😃 Domestic animals have been replaced by private property,so wool,hides皮類,and cashmere which they get from their domestic animals,and mineral resources such as copper and gold have become important pillars which support the economy of their own country.♉ By the way,Mongolia has become the name of the country,but it used to be the just one of a tribe.😃

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【English lesson at high school in Japan】

I'm wondering if English lessons have already started in an elementary school.Japan has already internationalized so much that the people concerned Japanese education seem to think English lessons have to be increased.😃


However,it's doubtful whether or not it'll be fruitful.I'm sure at first the people concerned education make the student recognize how pleasant English is.😁


Without doing it,they seem to be engaged in cramming other English knowledge.As a result,lots of people end up hating English.Therefore they feel allergy to English,I'm sure.😒


A chef has said like that.He is my few friends in this ミクル.Not only he is kind,but also he is good at English.🙋
　　　　　　　
A mother who has been friend with the chef seems to be also worried about English lesson at school.Studying something isn't a thing which is forced to do by anybody.😚

I'm sure she must have been a good mother.😃

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>> 30 『Continuation of the last remark of mine』 I'm going to express … 【Mongolia】


《Relation between a market economy and the Mongolian Empire》


In fact,the goats and sheep which the nomads 遊牧民 bred in Mongolia had been state-owned fortune until about 20 years ago.♈

Mongolia used to be the oldest country of socialism in Asia.However sudden changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet union such as Perestroyka had also shaken Mongolia so much that the country was forced to adopt the market economy.It was after 1990s.💰

As for their political sides,they have adopted democratization such as the system of President, plural political parties,and democratic elections.😃


Domestic animals have been replaced by private property,so wool,hides皮類,and cashmere which they get from their domestic animals,and mineral resources such as copper and gold have become important pillars which support the economy of their own country.♉


By the way,Mongolia has become the name of the country,but it used to be the just one of a tribe.😃

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>> 32 【Mongolia】


《Relation between a market economy and the Mongolian Empire》


Mongolia used to be a name of the tribe in which Genghis Khan was born.He was a founder of the Mongolian Empire.😃


He unified each tribe around Mongolian grassy plain in 1206.As you know,he established the great empire which extended from China over the Eastern Europe in history of human being in the Eurasian Continent.💮



Genghis Khan had continued to conquer with his military force,but he had to be war with each tribe which rode about the grassy plain freely in order to unify them.💣


However,the Mongolian Empire divided into five ones.It was Genghis Khan himself who caused the division.He divided his occupied territories into five for his four sons.👑


As a result,other four empires were born,then his family members put on display of family discord 骨肉の争い so as to win each throne.💀


It's great for us human being that the great Mongolian Empire appeared,for …


To be continued.By😁

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>> 33 【Mongolia】


《Relation between a market economy and Mongolian Empire》


It has been significant for history of human being to appear the Mongolian Empire which had enormous territory🎉

An appearance of the Mongolian Empire caused the next things.😃


Both people in Eastern Asia and Europe learned to negotiate directly,gunpowder and compass which were invented in the South Song dynasty 南栄 were introduced into Europe.🎊


In consequence,upcoming stage of large-scale of voyage was prepared.The Mongolian Empire seemingly seemed to repeat invasions,but it secured safety of traffic.㊗


Besides the Mongolian thought up bill which used to be epoch-making and abolished transit duty though being imposed a tax on things at a place where its sales came to an end.）😃


In short,the Mongolian Empire established global surroundings which is essential to the market economy.It means the Empire made people,money,and goods go and come freely from China to Eastern Europe.🙌

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>> 34 【Mongolia】


《Relation between a market economy and Mongolian Empire》


Descendants of the Mongolian Empire have just stood at a starting point of the market economy.Mongolian economic growth had been minus on account of confusion of its economic system's shift in the beginning of 1990s.😣


However it accomplished no less than 3% of its economic growth rate of GDP in 1999.As to its political power,a political party which believe in socialism came into its power in 2000.😚


However it declared it would continue the market economy.Mongolia greatly expects Japan which assists it more than any other countries in the world.😚


【Bhutan】


『Unexplored region where Mt.Himalayas protect』


《A reason why the country maintained the situation of national isolation》


Whoever watched a work of an animated film produced by Hayao Miyazaki,『もののけ姫』 can imagine Bhutanese national clothes,for an idea of costume of the people in the village where a heroine of the animated film lived was obtained from the Bhutanese ones.🙋

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>> 35 【Bhutan】


《A reason why the country maintained the situation of national isolation》


It seems that we can see their national costumes at special occasion such as festivals,but wherever we go to Bhutan,we can see them.👍


The Bhutanese have to wear their national costumes at an official place,for it's one of duties as its nation.😲

While the country maintains its traditiom,it has developed,for modernization of this country has made progress with very slow pace.😃


It was 1999 when a broadcast of TV began in Bhutan,and it was 1991 when a public telephone was set up there.☎


Monetary economy had never spread over the country until 1970s.Their basic system used to be barter one 物々交換 before the monetary system.They used to substitute their labor,or produce for their tax.Needless to say,it doesn't always mean it was long long ago.😲


What Bhutan had closed to the foreign countries may have caused an attitude in which they observed their tradition strongly.💡

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>> 36 【Bhutan】


《A reason why the country maintained the situathon of national isolation》


Mt.Himalayas lies in the eastern of Bhutan.The territory of the country is as large as Kyushu area in Japan.It was 1971 when the country joined in the United Nations,and it opened the door to foreign countries.😃


Why could the country keep on closing the door the foreign countries?Its key is a relation between the country and India.😃



Bhutan concluded a treaty with India in 1949.Instead of interference in the domestic affairs of Bhutan with India,Bhutan listened to advices of India,concerning diplomacy.😚


While Bhutan entrusted its diplomacy to India,it carried on its national isolation,hiding behind India.😒


If we want to recognize spiritual foundation of Bhutan,Tibetan Buddhism is necessary.There is an altar room at its best place in all the houses.☀

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>> 37 【Bhutan】


《A reason why the country maintained the situation of national isolation》


Tibetan Buddhism occupies one of centers in Bhutan.We can recognize it when seeing a strange building in almost all of the towns in Bhutan.They call it ゾン.It means a castle.🏯


ゾン is a building which has both role of politics and religion.The building divides into two areas.One is the everyday world 俗世,and other is religious.😃



For example,there is the ゾン in its capital.As for the ones of the everyday world,its king or ministers work there.There are also public offices there.👑


As to other ones of religion,there are some temples,and residences for a thousand Buddhist priests.

Politics and religions are equal weight on the Bhutanese.Two of them live together under a roof.ダルシン swings in the wind halfway up the mountain.ダルシン is a flag in which sutras 経文 are printed.😚

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【India】


《The great country of software which Indian mathematics has produced》


『More than 1600 language shows history and variety of the country》


According to Indian public opinion poll in 2000,Japan was popular among with them,for their most favorite country was Japan then🎌


We can recognize an atmosphere of pro-Japanese 親日 such as a first Nobel prize winner for literature in Asia.😃


He had visited Japan no less than four times,moreover as for the present Indian national anthem 国歌,he wrote its words and composed it in the language of Bengal.😃


The language of India has been provide Hindi one which was spoken in the northern area in India,according to its constitution,though it has never realized yet.😚


Roughly speaking,there are no less than 1600 languages in India,including its dialects.As to an official language of its states,they are no less than 17.😲


Even if their national anthem is expressed in the language of Bengal which isn't their own language,they aren't worried about it at all.😚

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>> 39 【India】


『More than 1600 languages show history and variety of the country』


It's an Indian charm that the understanding country accepts the variety,but what language do they use when talking with people in other area?😥


It's English.English newspapers with national circulation 全国紙 are printed in English.Besides,simultaneous interpretations of both English and Hindi have been done in their national assembly,for there are lots of members of the assembly who can't understand the Hindi at all.😃


It was England which had spread English over there.It was in the 18th century when England started rule on India ahead of other countries.English government began to govern India directly.🇬�



The Indian National Congress which was a footing 足がかり for its independence started in 1858.Then group used to be a moderate one which Indian governor general admitted informally.😃


However,Gandhi declared nonviolence as a way of expansion for the right of self-government in 1920s,and…

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>> 40 【India】


『More than 1600 languages show history and variety of the country』


The national India Congress strengthen its characteristic as an important point of a war of independence then.



Contrary to it,it was a League of all Indian and Muslim which competed with the Congress.The League was organized in 1906.☀


The League was a group which protected right of Muslim.Though being different from each assertion,they had maintained friendly relations until World WarⅠ☺


However,a gulf between the two groups gradually became larger,the League came out with a theory in which there are two nation in India in 1940.😱


As a result,each group came to insist on establishing two kinds of country.The one was Hindi,and the other was Muslim.😱


Minority of Muslim hated to being ruled with the majority of Hindi.England allowed two of them to be independent from England.The Muslim one became Pakistan,and the Hindi one did India.☀

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>> 41 【India】


《More than 1600 languages show history and variety of the country》


It was Gandhi who was opposed to separation into two countries until they divided.He also wished peaceful coexistence 共存 both Hindi and Muslim.😃


It is clear that he didn't show up at their commemorative ceremony 記念式典 of separation and independence,though he made a great contribution to the two countries' independence from England,for he wished to live together.😥



Gandhi was assassinated with Hindi next year.Moreover a worst thing which he feared brought about.Dispute between India and Pakistan broke out,and they were at war no less than three times.💀


《Caste is with an institution which is being done》


Speaking of India,a system of caste behind an idea of cleanliness and uncleanliness in Hindi is well-known.😃



It's a restricted institution which is detailed human relations such as types of job,circles of marriage.😣

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>> 42 【India】


《Caste is an institution with which is being done away》


I made a mistake again.As for the last subheading of《》which started with Caste,it was in the wrong.This time,it's all right.I have to be more careful😳

I'm going to start my response from now on.😃


For example,let's supposed one in a higher rank in the Caste received some water from other one in a lower rank in the Caste.😃


However the upper one can't accept it,neither can it drink the water,for it's prohibited.They have thought the impurity of the lower rank sprdads to the higher one.😒



The Caste stands low in public estimation as discrimination 差別,but the institution is greatly being changed.😃

When leading their lives in a city,it's impossible for them to put the Caste into practice.For instance,when being board on a bus,they are forced to touch with others.😚


As for the water served in a restaurant,they can't inquire a person who served it.😚

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>> 43 【India】


《Caste is an institution with which is done away》


When working in a company or factory,their bosses may happen to be the lower rank in the Caste in India.😃


With development of Indian economic growth,people in the middle class have increased.It's also one of reason why the Caste institution has started to slump.😃


It's said that they are no less than 200 million.Their educatiomal background is high,and they love lifestyles which aren't tied to the Caste or religion.😃


It's industry of software which invented the people in the middle class.🙋


《There are plenty of talented programmers》


The Indian have been good at math since ancient times.They discovered zero.😃


They started numerical formula 数式 in which they adopted a principle of the number of decimal points.位取り It means that the number of 10 follows other one of 9.😃


Those achievements which have been glorious in the history of math aren't just shows.The Indian have started to testify their gifts in the 21th century.🙆

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>> 44 【India】


《There are lots of talented programmers》

The Indian have played an active part in the IT world so much that they become the center of the public attention.😃


Especially,they are oustanding as programmers,though they fall behind the American,but their export of software ranks second in the world.As for the IT world,India is by far more splendid than Japan.😱


As to the background which has produced many excellent programmers,their enthusiastic education for math has been pointed out.😲


While the Indian are seemingly happy-go-lucky のんびり,in fact,their educational backgrounds decide their worth and social positions.😔


Wealthy family make its children go to a cramming school 学習塾.Contrary to it,the people who are from the lower rank of Caste make a great effort in order to escape from their social wall such as the Caste or their poverty.😤



Mastering math is the quickest way which they win good occupations as technical experts.😤

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【India】


《There are lots of talented programmers》

It is Bangalore which is a center of the IT world in India.They call Bangalore Indian Silicon Valley.Silicon Valley is a popular name around サンノゼ・サンタクラ.😃


サンノゼ・サンタクララ lies in southern of Los Angels in the State of California.There are lots of enterprizes wiich are engaged in producing semiconductors there.😃


Roughly speaking there are about 600 magor private companies which are connected with the software.122 of them have their main offices 本社 in Bangalore.😃


Moreover,infrastructures such as facilities for communication are full,and there are the best university and the graduated school in Bangalore.Those facts have become base of development of the city.🙋


Next joke had been popular among the people in Silicon valley in the U.S.A.😃


Indian and Chinese integrated conductors were so excellent that IC was an abbreviation of India and China.😲

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【India】


《There are plenty of talented programmers and so on》


While India has no less than a population of about one billion,it remains stagment 停滞 for a long time,so lots of people have called India a sleeping elephant,but the elephant may wake up earlier than we expect.🐘


By the way,I've described that India discovered zero in math.I was forced to praise it,for a book on which I'm based on says like that.😚


I can't grasp how significant the discovery of zero was at all.Both my thinking power and what the Indian had discovered zero.😂



However I've wanted to study math some day,for I've heard a person who is good at math can think a thing logically.😤


To my sorrow,whenever I see a a numerical formula of factorization 因数分解,I'm afraid my brain will be broken apart.😳


Besides,I can't understand division of fraction 分数の割り算 at all.


It's just that we reverse its denominator and numerator,分母と分子 but why?As long as the numerator is 1,I can understand its reason.Otherwise I can't in the least😳

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【Sri Lanka】

『Racial strife jolts the country which is famous for tea』


《A reason why minority of Tamil people appeal their independence.》


Sri Lanka which is one size smaller than Hokkaido prefecture lies in southeast in India.It's an island country of the tropical zone.🌴


Sri Lanka is an eminent country which produces tea in the world.We used to call the country Ceylon.Ceylon promulgated a new constitution 新憲法発布 in 1972.Then it changed its name of country into Sri Lanka.☕

Ceylon has also become big-name brand of Ceylon tea.By the way,as for the Ceylon tea which they drink at the actual spot 現地 is so sweet for we Japanese.☕


They love milk tea in which there are lots of sugar,for their typical dish is a curry which is extremely hot,what we call 激辛,so the very sweet drink must be suitable for their recess 休憩 after a meal☺


They grow the tea at their hilly area which is center of Sri Lanka.It was an end of the 19th century when they started to develop the place as tea garden.☕

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>> 48 【Sri Lanka】

《A reason why minority of Tamil people appeal their independence》


Before the tea growing,plantation of cultivating coffee had been done widely there,but disease-causing germs spread so much that the plantation received fatal damage.😱


After that,it's said that tea growing had spread out rapidly.Lots of young girls of Tamil work at the tea gardens at present.As for the number of them,they are overwhelming,for people of the Tamil have the next history.☝
　　　　　　　　
They were forced to be moved to the Sri Lanka from southern of India forcibly as the labor which worked in coffee plantation at the time of English colony.☕


The people of Tamil is minority in Sri Lanka.They make up for no more than 18% in the population of Sri Lanka.They believe in Hindism and speak language of Tamil.😃


Contrary to it,majority is the other people of シンハラ.They account for no less than 74% the population.Many of them believe in Buddhism,and speak the language of シンハラ😚

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>> 49 【Sri Lanka】

《A reason why minority of Tamil people appeal their independence》


In fact,strifes which retaliate for the violence with more violence　血で血を洗う between the Tamil and シンハラ have continued at present.💀


Needless to say,there is difference of religion,language,and race in a root of the strifes,but it was the policies only for シンハラ people which led to the strifes.💀


While the majority of the シンハラ continues changing their political power of the two of greatest politcl party,they made their language an official one.😥

In addition,シンハラ people gave the Hindism a position as semi state religion with constitution of Sri Lanka in 1972.In short,policies which treat the シンハラ people very well have been carried out.😠



After that,complaints about the policies grew so stronger that they developed into movements for indepndence.The earnest wish of the people of Tamil is founding their own kingdom,with separation of Sri Lanka into Northern area and Eastern one.😤

• << 51 【Sri Lanka】 《A reason why Tamil people appeal their indepence》 It is LTTE which takes the initiative of the movement for their independence.The LTTE means タミール・イーラム解放の虎.🐯 Foothold 拠点 of their activities lies in ジャナフ.ジャナフ is the central city of northern part in Sri Lanka.🐯 It has brought about lots of terrorism such as assassination of the president.There has been so dangerous in both northern and eastern areas that foreigners are limited to go in.💀 It's said that we Japanese aren't interested in Asian politics very much,but when drinking tea,I'm wondering if we should think of Sri Lanka.☕ By the way,I'm sure LTTE is an abbreviation.I should have expressed its formal name in English,but I don't know about it,so I researched it,but I couldn't get any information which I want to do,so I give up it.😂 【Vietnam】 『The northern latitude 17,which used to be a military boundary』 《While its north is politics,its south is economy》 It seems that Vietnam has been quiet boom among the Japanese.

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